Memphis World Memphis World Publishing Co. 1957-06-08 Thaddeus T. Stokes MEMPHIS WORLD The South's Oldest and Leading Colored Semi-Weekly Newspaper Published by MEMPHIS WORLD PUBLISHING CO. Every WEDNESDAY and SATURDAY at 546 BEALE—Ph. JA. 6-4030 Member of SCOTT NEWSPAPER SYNDICATE W. A. Scott, II, Founder; C. A. Scott, General Manager Entered in the Post Office at Memphis, Tenn. as second-class mail under the Act of Congress, March 1, 1870 THADDEUS T. STOKES ............ Managing Editor SMITH FLEMING .............. Circulation Manager SUBSCRIPTION RATES: Year $5.00—6 Months $3.00—3 Months $1.50 (In Advance) The MEMPHIS WORLD is an independent newspaper — non-sectarian and non-partisan, printing news unbiasedly and supporting those things it believes to be of interest of its readers and opposing those things against the interest of its readers. A Thread Of Consistency (From The Christian Science Monitor) In November, 1955, Federal District Judge Marion Boyd of Memphis, Tennessee, rejected a petition on the part of five Negroes that he orders their immediate admission to Memphis State University. He approved, however, the state's desegregation program, which called for admission of Negroes to state colleges — properly qualified graduate students in 1955, seniors in 1956, sophomores in 1957, and freshmen in 1958. The petitioning students had sought to enter as freshmen. The Federal Court of Appeals at Cincinnati later reversed the lower court's findings, and sent the case back to Judge Boyd for action. This week the Supreme Court refused to review the appeals court decision. One member of the appeals court dissented, Judge Shackelford Miller, Jr., holding that Tennessee's "stairstep" schedule constituted compliance in good faith with the Supreme Court's original decision and its implementing decrees. And at first glance the high tribunal's recent ruling does seem inconsistent with its somewhat tacit approval of the North Carolina local assignment plan as moving with "deliberate speed." Two explanations are possible, however First, the Memphis case involves students of college age; the North Carolina plan, the grade schools. Second, Tennessee's plea rested on the overcrowded condition of the Memphis institution. The appeals court observed that this condition might be improved by a bar on out-of-state students, but not by a bar on race. The North Carolina plan prescribes that local school boards must base their pupil assignments on broader grounds then, race alone. There would seem to be present in the Memphis University ruling that thread of consistency which must continue to guide the Supreme Court in weighing many appeals arising from many circumstances. The Question Of A Judge Being Able To Enforce His Decisions America has grown great because of her cardinal principles of law; law founded upon equity and the basic fundamentals that have made America great and prosperous in the sight of the world. The founders saw to it that the basic principles be preserved and for the elasticity of purpose that improved emergencies might suggest, certain amendments have been added to the parent document; but each in the spirit and pattern of the original preamble. Of late we have seen some strange maneuvers meant to meet certain arrangements by which the indications are that political trades and emergencies have entered into many of the plain questions of legal color. On the question of law, this should never obtain. To the utter surprise of many, the Civil Rights bill, as sponsored by the Eisenhower administration sustained a loss, in that an amendment subjecting even contempt cases to being tried by a jury. It is wholly unthinkable of stripping a man of his right to trial by a jury of his peers in certain cases of law and equity, but to deny a judge to decide on the issue of contempt would imperil the right of a court to enforce its decision. We recognize, however, where Civil Rights are concerned, involving members of both the Negro and white races, unfortunately toke on an emotional and political aspect. The opponents of Civil Rights recognize this fact and are depending on these factors to govern in the case of a jury trial. This is clearly illustrated by the actions of juries in both the Kasper trial at Clinton, Tennessee, and the recent bombing trials at Montgomery, Alabama. Nevertheless, passage of the pending Rights bill, even with the provision of a trial by jury in contempt cases, will be a great step forward and should reduce in the future the number of Civil Rights violations. The bills as approved by committees of both the House and the Senate, contain plenty teeth in them, and if they become law, substantial progress would have been made in the field of Civil Rights. In the meantime, since elected officials constantly take note of the political aspects of what they do, we urge our readers to take careful note of those who oppose and those who support this measure which we consider vital to the elimination of discriminatory practices and the strengthening of the democratic process, for all citizens. The House of Representatives in the Congress begins serious debate on this question today, and in a few weeks, it is expected that the Senate will have it under consideration. The voters will carefully follow the actions of their various representatives and hold them to an accounting for their conduct during the next election. Up From Georgia With My Banjo By THOMAS JEFFERSON FLANNAGAN LEADER of the Princes of the Peace Martyr to the cause of human needs This day we, to thy honor blest, release A tribute lo your triumph of noble deeds! One World, One Country and One People sing Together the international hymn the ages give To longing souls that to faith's lintels cling That men might Hope and Love and Live. A UNIVERSAL NATIVITY (TRIBUTE TO DR. FRANK N. D. BUCHMAN) Leader in the M. R. A. Movement, By THOMAS JEFFERSON FLANNAGAN LEADER of the Princes of the Peace Martyr to the cause of human needs This day we, to thy honor blest, release A tribute lo your triumph of noble deeds! One World, One Country and One People sing Together the international hymn the ages give To longing souls that to faith's lintels cling That men might Hope and Love and Live. Sigma Fraternity History Off Press One of the most authentic books from the pens of two of the nation's respected contemporary historians has just made its way off the press. "Our Cause Speeds "On," co-au thored by W. Sherman Savage, Ph. D., professor of History at Lincoln University, Mo, and L. D. Reddick, Ph. D., professor of History at Alabama State College, is an informative as well as informal history of the Phi Beta Sigma Fraternity, Inc. national Greek-letter organization. Both historians are long time members of the Fraternity. MEALTIME MELODIES By LEODA GAMMA Milk and eggs combine well with flavorsome cheese in this baked au gratin dish especially appropriate during "June is Dairy Month". Begin with a cream sauce flavored with shredded American Cheese. And while the eggs are cooking in the sauce you can go about preparing the rest of your meal. To complete the meal serve a tossed salad with hot buttered toast, and a tall glass of cold milk for the beverage. For flavor and good nutrition your family will enjoy, serve be added to the cheese sauce. These add flavor as well as variety in texture. this dish for either a noonday or evening meal just the thing for the economy budget, too, since eggs are listed as a plentiful by U. S. D. A. For added variety cooked vegetables such as diced celery, peas, carrots or bits of green pepper and -or pimiento may 1-4 cup butter 1-4 cup flour 1-2 teaspoon salt Few Grains Pepper 2 cups milk 1 cup shredded American Cheddar Cheese 8 eggs Parsley Melt butter in saucepan over low heat and blend in flour, salt, and pepper. Add milk gradually and cock, stirring constantly, until thickened. Add cheese: stirr until melted. Pour into 4 individual ramekins. Drop 2 eggs in each. Cover with top or aluminum foil. Bake in moderately hot oven, 375 degree F., 15-20 minutes, or until eggs set. Garnish with parsley, or if desired, bacon curls and tomato slices. Makes 4 servings. AU GRATIN EGGS FOR A JUNE MEAL By LEODA GAMMA Milk and eggs combine well with flavorsome cheese in this baked au gratin dish especially appropriate during "June is Dairy Month". Begin with a cream sauce flavored with shredded American Cheese. And while the eggs are cooking in the sauce you can go about preparing the rest of your meal. To complete the meal serve a tossed salad with hot buttered toast, and a tall glass of cold milk for the beverage. For flavor and good nutrition your family will enjoy, serve be added to the cheese sauce. These add flavor as well as variety in texture. this dish for either a noonday or evening meal just the thing for the economy budget, too, since eggs are listed as a plentiful by U. S. D. A. For added variety cooked vegetables such as diced celery, peas, carrots or bits of green pepper and -or pimiento may 1-4 cup butter 1-4 cup flour 1-2 teaspoon salt Few Grains Pepper 2 cups milk 1 cup shredded American Cheddar Cheese 8 eggs Parsley Melt butter in saucepan over low heat and blend in flour, salt, and pepper. Add milk gradually and cock, stirring constantly, until thickened. Add cheese: stirr until melted. Pour into 4 individual ramekins. Drop 2 eggs in each. Cover with top or aluminum foil. Bake in moderately hot oven, 375 degree F., 15-20 minutes, or until eggs set. Garnish with parsley, or if desired, bacon curls and tomato slices. Makes 4 servings. Africa, Middle East Called Bed Targets A top state Department official told a congressional committee Tuesday that International Communism is making the Middle East and Africa a "Primary Target" and is displaying "ingenuity and effectiveness" in its work. The warning was given the Senate Foreign Relations committee by assistant secretary of state William M. Rountree, who is in charge of affairs for this area and South Asia. Testifying behind closed doors in support of the administration's $3,865,000,000 foreign aid authorization bill; he said the program is "indespensible" to American foreign policy. Rountree stressed that the "threats and naked force are downplayed" by the communists in seeking to make gains in the area. Instead, the Soviet Bloc speaks of "anti-imperialism," respect for sovereignty and support in intra-area quarrels, he explained. But Rountree emphasized that President Eisenhower is highly regarded and there is general confidence and readiness to "experiment in working with us." Rountree said the countries in the area must be convinced the U. S. "unhesitatingly, without reservation" respects their national inde pendence. He added they must be given economic help, be made to understand what communism will do to them, be given a sense of security and aid in settling area disputes, and be shown that this country will be guided by principle. Stuart H. Van Dyke, Regional Director for Africa and Europe in the International Cooperation Administration, underscored Africa's importance. He said this continent, recently visited by Vice President Richard M. Nixon, "holds great promise as an ally of the West," but for years will be "afflicted with growing pains." He said the proposed mutual security programs are designed to help provide steady, orderly. Democratic growth — and "essential to the future peace of the world." Van Dyke added that Africa's material resources are largely uncharted but are "believed to be tremendous." Meanwhile Senate minority leader William F. Knowland (R) Calif., indicated he will offer an amendment to the bill to put a restriction on military assistance to Yugoslavia. CLOSED DOORS A top state Department official told a congressional committee Tuesday that International Communism is making the Middle East and Africa a "Primary Target" and is displaying "ingenuity and effectiveness" in its work. The warning was given the Senate Foreign Relations committee by assistant secretary of state William M. Rountree, who is in charge of affairs for this area and South Asia. Testifying behind closed doors in support of the administration's $3,865,000,000 foreign aid authorization bill; he said the program is "indespensible" to American foreign policy. Rountree stressed that the "threats and naked force are downplayed" by the communists in seeking to make gains in the area. Instead, the Soviet Bloc speaks of "anti-imperialism," respect for sovereignty and support in intra-area quarrels, he explained. But Rountree emphasized that President Eisenhower is highly regarded and there is general confidence and readiness to "experiment in working with us." Rountree said the countries in the area must be convinced the U. S. "unhesitatingly, without reservation" respects their national inde pendence. He added they must be given economic help, be made to understand what communism will do to them, be given a sense of security and aid in settling area disputes, and be shown that this country will be guided by principle. Stuart H. Van Dyke, Regional Director for Africa and Europe in the International Cooperation Administration, underscored Africa's importance. He said this continent, recently visited by Vice President Richard M. Nixon, "holds great promise as an ally of the West," but for years will be "afflicted with growing pains." He said the proposed mutual security programs are designed to help provide steady, orderly. Democratic growth — and "essential to the future peace of the world." Van Dyke added that Africa's material resources are largely uncharted but are "believed to be tremendous." Meanwhile Senate minority leader William F. Knowland (R) Calif., indicated he will offer an amendment to the bill to put a restriction on military assistance to Yugoslavia. ECONOMIC HELP A top state Department official told a congressional committee Tuesday that International Communism is making the Middle East and Africa a "Primary Target" and is displaying "ingenuity and effectiveness" in its work. The warning was given the Senate Foreign Relations committee by assistant secretary of state William M. Rountree, who is in charge of affairs for this area and South Asia. Testifying behind closed doors in support of the administration's $3,865,000,000 foreign aid authorization bill; he said the program is "indespensible" to American foreign policy. Rountree stressed that the "threats and naked force are downplayed" by the communists in seeking to make gains in the area. Instead, the Soviet Bloc speaks of "anti-imperialism," respect for sovereignty and support in intra-area quarrels, he explained. But Rountree emphasized that President Eisenhower is highly regarded and there is general confidence and readiness to "experiment in working with us." Rountree said the countries in the area must be convinced the U. S. "unhesitatingly, without reservation" respects their national inde pendence. He added they must be given economic help, be made to understand what communism will do to them, be given a sense of security and aid in settling area disputes, and be shown that this country will be guided by principle. Stuart H. Van Dyke, Regional Director for Africa and Europe in the International Cooperation Administration, underscored Africa's importance. He said this continent, recently visited by Vice President Richard M. Nixon, "holds great promise as an ally of the West," but for years will be "afflicted with growing pains." He said the proposed mutual security programs are designed to help provide steady, orderly. Democratic growth — and "essential to the future peace of the world." Van Dyke added that Africa's material resources are largely uncharted but are "believed to be tremendous." Meanwhile Senate minority leader William F. Knowland (R) Calif., indicated he will offer an amendment to the bill to put a restriction on military assistance to Yugoslavia. REGIONAL DIRECTOR A top state Department official told a congressional committee Tuesday that International Communism is making the Middle East and Africa a "Primary Target" and is displaying "ingenuity and effectiveness" in its work. The warning was given the Senate Foreign Relations committee by assistant secretary of state William M. Rountree, who is in charge of affairs for this area and South Asia. Testifying behind closed doors in support of the administration's $3,865,000,000 foreign aid authorization bill; he said the program is "indespensible" to American foreign policy. Rountree stressed that the "threats and naked force are downplayed" by the communists in seeking to make gains in the area. Instead, the Soviet Bloc speaks of "anti-imperialism," respect for sovereignty and support in intra-area quarrels, he explained. But Rountree emphasized that President Eisenhower is highly regarded and there is general confidence and readiness to "experiment in working with us." Rountree said the countries in the area must be convinced the U. S. "unhesitatingly, without reservation" respects their national inde pendence. He added they must be given economic help, be made to understand what communism will do to them, be given a sense of security and aid in settling area disputes, and be shown that this country will be guided by principle. Stuart H. Van Dyke, Regional Director for Africa and Europe in the International Cooperation Administration, underscored Africa's importance. He said this continent, recently visited by Vice President Richard M. Nixon, "holds great promise as an ally of the West," but for years will be "afflicted with growing pains." He said the proposed mutual security programs are designed to help provide steady, orderly. Democratic growth — and "essential to the future peace of the world." Van Dyke added that Africa's material resources are largely uncharted but are "believed to be tremendous." Meanwhile Senate minority leader William F. Knowland (R) Calif., indicated he will offer an amendment to the bill to put a restriction on military assistance to Yugoslavia. What Is The Key Provision In Celler Civil Rights Bill? The key provision of the Celler civil rights bill, general debate on which begins in the House today, is the one authorizing the Attorney General to bring civil suits to enjoin threatened violation of voting and other federally guaranteed civil rights. The theory of Attorney General Brownell, who originally drafted the proposed legislation for the Eisenhower Administration, is that an injunction against illegal interferences and denials of the right to vote would be far more effective in protecting that right than would be criminal prosecution after the harm has been done. President Eisenhower in his State of the Union message delivered to the Congress on Jan. 19, said the United States is steadily moving closer to the goal of fair and equal treatment of all citizens without regard to race or color. He observed, however that "unhappily, much remains to be done." To achieve this goal, the Administration in 1956 recommended a Four-point program to the Congress. This program, again urged by the Administration, includes: 1. Creation of a bipartisan commission to investigate violations of law in the field of civil rights which involve the right to vote and to make studies and recommendations if the legal developments and policies of the Federal Government with respect to the equal protection of laws under the Federal Constitution. 2. Creation of civil rights division in the Justice Department in charge of an Assistant Attorney General. 3. Amendment of existing law so as to permit the Attorney General to seek from the civil courts injunctive or other relief in cases of threatened deprivation of the right to vote. 4. Amendment of the laws so as to permit the Attorney General to seek from the civil courts injunctive relief in civil rights cases. At the time Attorney General Brownell first sent to Congress the Administration's proposals on April 9, 1956, they were considered mild. As a matter of fact, liberal supporters of civil rights legislation still consider them as a moderate program. Put southern opponents of civil rights legislation soon began to seek in them all kinds of bugaboos. Their main contention is that use of injunctive procedures in civil rights cases would deprive defendants of their right to a jury trial: According to Assistant Attorney General Warren Olney III, the amendment opponents intend to offer for jury trial would create a right to jury trial in a wide variety of situations in which jury trial has never been known to the law. BIPARTISAN COMMISSION The key provision of the Celler civil rights bill, general debate on which begins in the House today, is the one authorizing the Attorney General to bring civil suits to enjoin threatened violation of voting and other federally guaranteed civil rights. The theory of Attorney General Brownell, who originally drafted the proposed legislation for the Eisenhower Administration, is that an injunction against illegal interferences and denials of the right to vote would be far more effective in protecting that right than would be criminal prosecution after the harm has been done. President Eisenhower in his State of the Union message delivered to the Congress on Jan. 19, said the United States is steadily moving closer to the goal of fair and equal treatment of all citizens without regard to race or color. He observed, however that "unhappily, much remains to be done." To achieve this goal, the Administration in 1956 recommended a Four-point program to the Congress. This program, again urged by the Administration, includes: 1. Creation of a bipartisan commission to investigate violations of law in the field of civil rights which involve the right to vote and to make studies and recommendations if the legal developments and policies of the Federal Government with respect to the equal protection of laws under the Federal Constitution. 2. Creation of civil rights division in the Justice Department in charge of an Assistant Attorney General. 3. Amendment of existing law so as to permit the Attorney General to seek from the civil courts injunctive or other relief in cases of threatened deprivation of the right to vote. 4. Amendment of the laws so as to permit the Attorney General to seek from the civil courts injunctive relief in civil rights cases. At the time Attorney General Brownell first sent to Congress the Administration's proposals on April 9, 1956, they were considered mild. As a matter of fact, liberal supporters of civil rights legislation still consider them as a moderate program. Put southern opponents of civil rights legislation soon began to seek in them all kinds of bugaboos. Their main contention is that use of injunctive procedures in civil rights cases would deprive defendants of their right to a jury trial: According to Assistant Attorney General Warren Olney III, the amendment opponents intend to offer for jury trial would create a right to jury trial in a wide variety of situations in which jury trial has never been known to the law. Long Delayed Whatever delaying tactics they can to hold up passage of the measure. They, also are ready to offer a series of amendments in the hope of "watering down the bill." Chief of these will be a move to provide jury trials for any contempt actions stemming from civil rights injunctions. The administration strongly opposes such an amend ment. Rep. Charles B. Brownson (R) Ind., charged that a jury trial amendment "would deviate the true interest and purposes of this bill." He was joined by Rep. Hugh Scott (R) Pa., who declared that such an amendment is "probably unconstitutional" and will be favored by those who want "the right to violate the law.' Rep. Martin dies (D) Texas won applause from opponents by challenging the House to "show confidence' in the Southern States by permitting a jury trial. Dies charged that the bill is a case of "political expediency' designed to capture the Negro vote in the North. The Texas Democrat declared that no citizen of his state has ever been deprived of the right to vote. House approval of the omnibus measure is anticipated after a hard floor battle but Senate action is still problematical. The measure would set up a bi-partisan civil rights commission with authority to investigate and make recommendations to Congress In addition, a new civil rights division in the Justice Department would be armed with new laws permitting a court order to block civil rights violations before they occur. Opposition attack on the bill, which passed the House last year, is now centered on this provision under it, a judge could find persons guilty of violating a court order, without a jury trial. A Senate subcommittee voted Monday to include a jury trial guarantee in its version of the measure. Advocates of the bill contend that, it is impossible to bet civil rights convictions from southern juries. RIGHT TO VOTE Whatever delaying tactics they can to hold up passage of the measure. They, also are ready to offer a series of amendments in the hope of "watering down the bill." Chief of these will be a move to provide jury trials for any contempt actions stemming from civil rights injunctions. The administration strongly opposes such an amend ment. Rep. Charles B. Brownson (R) Ind., charged that a jury trial amendment "would deviate the true interest and purposes of this bill." He was joined by Rep. Hugh Scott (R) Pa., who declared that such an amendment is "probably unconstitutional" and will be favored by those who want "the right to violate the law.' Rep. Martin dies (D) Texas won applause from opponents by challenging the House to "show confidence' in the Southern States by permitting a jury trial. Dies charged that the bill is a case of "political expediency' designed to capture the Negro vote in the North. The Texas Democrat declared that no citizen of his state has ever been deprived of the right to vote. House approval of the omnibus measure is anticipated after a hard floor battle but Senate action is still problematical. The measure would set up a bi-partisan civil rights commission with authority to investigate and make recommendations to Congress In addition, a new civil rights division in the Justice Department would be armed with new laws permitting a court order to block civil rights violations before they occur. Opposition attack on the bill, which passed the House last year, is now centered on this provision under it, a judge could find persons guilty of violating a court order, without a jury trial. A Senate subcommittee voted Monday to include a jury trial guarantee in its version of the measure. Advocates of the bill contend that, it is impossible to bet civil rights convictions from southern juries. MRA Assembly peari-inlaid walking stick. When Dr. Buchman last met him, the president, said" most peoples load me down with problems, you bring the answer . . Throughout the day cables to Dr. Buchman poured in from every part of the world. They came from the Shah of Iran, Prime Minister Nu of Burma, Chancellor Adenaure and Foreign Minister Von Brentano of Germany, field-marshal Pibulsonggram of Thailand, the defense minister of Korea, former Prime Minister Hatoyama of Japan and General Ho Ying-Chin, chairman of the National Strategy board of Taiwan. While an Asian chorus chanted Gandhi's favorite hymn, Mrs. Navitri Nigam a member of the Indian National Parliament gave Dr. Buchman a portrait of the Mahatma. Mrs. Nigam and Begum Hyauddin of Pakistan, each apologized for the bitterness she held to the other nation and committed themselves to fight on a basis of MRA for unity between their countries, in Asia and the world. Four hundred Americans, black and white, stood together in what a spokesman of colored people, Attorney Charles Howard described as "a group symbolic of a united America." He said, "we come with a contrite heart, conscious of the evils of the past and committed with you to right those evils and wrong. Vice President of the BethuneCookman College students, Sam Hayes, declared, I have seen MRA in action. It is the strongest force in the world. I have only one gift to give you, Dr. Buchman, - that is my life for the work." He was a member of the Bethune Cookman chorus which sang two Negro spirituals for the assembly. Charlie Trout who led a delegation from Tuskegee said that the assembly had brought "a great first step toward unity in America which will give us the respect of other nations which we have sought by other methods and have not found." Mrs. Irene McCoy Gaines of Chicago and President of the National Association of Colored Women, said, "a new era for America and the world has begun here today." She pledged her life to bring MRA to the world. The executive office of the National Academy of Sciences in Washington, Dr. Douglas Cornell, said to Dr. Buchman, "you have taught us the statemanship of the humble heart. We wish to give you the rarest gift of the world, America with humble hearts." SYMBOL OF UNITY peari-inlaid walking stick. When Dr. Buchman last met him, the president, said" most peoples load me down with problems, you bring the answer . . Throughout the day cables to Dr. Buchman poured in from every part of the world. They came from the Shah of Iran, Prime Minister Nu of Burma, Chancellor Adenaure and Foreign Minister Von Brentano of Germany, field-marshal Pibulsonggram of Thailand, the defense minister of Korea, former Prime Minister Hatoyama of Japan and General Ho Ying-Chin, chairman of the National Strategy board of Taiwan. While an Asian chorus chanted Gandhi's favorite hymn, Mrs. Navitri Nigam a member of the Indian National Parliament gave Dr. Buchman a portrait of the Mahatma. Mrs. Nigam and Begum Hyauddin of Pakistan, each apologized for the bitterness she held to the other nation and committed themselves to fight on a basis of MRA for unity between their countries, in Asia and the world. Four hundred Americans, black and white, stood together in what a spokesman of colored people, Attorney Charles Howard described as "a group symbolic of a united America." He said, "we come with a contrite heart, conscious of the evils of the past and committed with you to right those evils and wrong. Vice President of the BethuneCookman College students, Sam Hayes, declared, I have seen MRA in action. It is the strongest force in the world. I have only one gift to give you, Dr. Buchman, - that is my life for the work." He was a member of the Bethune Cookman chorus which sang two Negro spirituals for the assembly. Charlie Trout who led a delegation from Tuskegee said that the assembly had brought "a great first step toward unity in America which will give us the respect of other nations which we have sought by other methods and have not found." Mrs. Irene McCoy Gaines of Chicago and President of the National Association of Colored Women, said, "a new era for America and the world has begun here today." She pledged her life to bring MRA to the world. The executive office of the National Academy of Sciences in Washington, Dr. Douglas Cornell, said to Dr. Buchman, "you have taught us the statemanship of the humble heart. We wish to give you the rarest gift of the world, America with humble hearts." Eisenhower day because they wanted a full day. He said they raised the point that if general debate were begun after an hour of debate on the rule and then the vote, they would have had only a half day for debate of the civil rights bill. Mr. Martin said the Republicans had no objections to starting debate on Monday. Brownell tive Kenneth B. Keating, Republican, of New, Attorney General Brownell said the jury trial amendment would nullify the Eisenhower Administration's civil rights proposals which are embodied in the Senate and House bills. In a Joint statement, Senators Case and Kuchel said: "There is a definite need for the right-to-vote (civil rights) legislation, but it should not be encumbered by the (jury trial) provision "Many people do not understand that neither the Constitution nor prior legal precedent provides for a jury trial in contempt cases of the kind which might arise under the provisions of the right to vote bill. "As the American Civil Liberties Union recently pointed out, 'While there is always need to guard vigilantly against the misuse of government power . . . . . there is also need to prevent weakening of the power of our courts to uphold the law of the land. "The right of equal treatment under law is fatally undermined when community sentiment blocks the enforcement of law." "Enforcement of the law has been undermined in some sections of the country where community sentiment has blocked effective enforcement of the right to vote. "If court orders are to be respected in cases of this kind in which the Federal Government seeks to uphold public policy, the courts must be able to punish contemptuous acts." Senator Sparkman charged that the civil rights program would violate the rights of citizens rather than protect them. He said Congress would be setting "a dangerous precedent in tampering through legislative adict with the Constitution and our whole underlying judicial system of jury trials – a system that predates our Constitution." "The old, old principle of trial by jury is one that has stood the test of centuries and been proven judicially, sound." Senator Sparkman claimed that his record shows he has consistently worked and voted for what he consider to be the well-being of small business and the low - and middle-income groups of both white and colored people. He said his record also shows that he has "always opposed the efforts of the who seek to legislate on the so-called civil rights issue. "Such legislation would impair the rights guaranteed in the Constitution to all our people." The record also shows that Alabama has the worst record on disfranchisement of colored people of any state in the union except Mississippi. LEGISLATION NEED SEEN tive Kenneth B. Keating, Republican, of New, Attorney General Brownell said the jury trial amendment would nullify the Eisenhower Administration's civil rights proposals which are embodied in the Senate and House bills. In a Joint statement, Senators Case and Kuchel said: "There is a definite need for the right-to-vote (civil rights) legislation, but it should not be encumbered by the (jury trial) provision "Many people do not understand that neither the Constitution nor prior legal precedent provides for a jury trial in contempt cases of the kind which might arise under the provisions of the right to vote bill. "As the American Civil Liberties Union recently pointed out, 'While there is always need to guard vigilantly against the misuse of government power . . . . . there is also need to prevent weakening of the power of our courts to uphold the law of the land. "The right of equal treatment under law is fatally undermined when community sentiment blocks the enforcement of law." "Enforcement of the law has been undermined in some sections of the country where community sentiment has blocked effective enforcement of the right to vote. "If court orders are to be respected in cases of this kind in which the Federal Government seeks to uphold public policy, the courts must be able to punish contemptuous acts." Senator Sparkman charged that the civil rights program would violate the rights of citizens rather than protect them. He said Congress would be setting "a dangerous precedent in tampering through legislative adict with the Constitution and our whole underlying judicial system of jury trials – a system that predates our Constitution." "The old, old principle of trial by jury is one that has stood the test of centuries and been proven judicially, sound." Senator Sparkman claimed that his record shows he has consistently worked and voted for what he consider to be the well-being of small business and the low - and middle-income groups of both white and colored people. He said his record also shows that he has "always opposed the efforts of the who seek to legislate on the so-called civil rights issue. "Such legislation would impair the rights guaranteed in the Constitution to all our people." The record also shows that Alabama has the worst record on disfranchisement of colored people of any state in the union except Mississippi. SPARKMAN CHARGES tive Kenneth B. Keating, Republican, of New, Attorney General Brownell said the jury trial amendment would nullify the Eisenhower Administration's civil rights proposals which are embodied in the Senate and House bills. In a Joint statement, Senators Case and Kuchel said: "There is a definite need for the right-to-vote (civil rights) legislation, but it should not be encumbered by the (jury trial) provision "Many people do not understand that neither the Constitution nor prior legal precedent provides for a jury trial in contempt cases of the kind which might arise under the provisions of the right to vote bill. "As the American Civil Liberties Union recently pointed out, 'While there is always need to guard vigilantly against the misuse of government power . . . . . there is also need to prevent weakening of the power of our courts to uphold the law of the land. "The right of equal treatment under law is fatally undermined when community sentiment blocks the enforcement of law." "Enforcement of the law has been undermined in some sections of the country where community sentiment has blocked effective enforcement of the right to vote. "If court orders are to be respected in cases of this kind in which the Federal Government seeks to uphold public policy, the courts must be able to punish contemptuous acts." Senator Sparkman charged that the civil rights program would violate the rights of citizens rather than protect them. He said Congress would be setting "a dangerous precedent in tampering through legislative adict with the Constitution and our whole underlying judicial system of jury trials – a system that predates our Constitution." "The old, old principle of trial by jury is one that has stood the test of centuries and been proven judicially, sound." Senator Sparkman claimed that his record shows he has consistently worked and voted for what he consider to be the well-being of small business and the low - and middle-income groups of both white and colored people. He said his record also shows that he has "always opposed the efforts of the who seek to legislate on the so-called civil rights issue. "Such legislation would impair the rights guaranteed in the Constitution to all our people." The record also shows that Alabama has the worst record on disfranchisement of colored people of any state in the union except Mississippi. Woman Medical and scholarships. At Meharry she pursued a career in medicine and won acclaim as a "brilliant" student. Her mother is a secretary at Price High School, and her father is a railway postal employe. Howard Earl is the son of Mrs. Maude Earl of 944 Violet Ave., S. E His father is deceased. He is the youngest of a family of 8 children several of whom are presently teaching in public schools. One of his sisters graduated from Spelman Monday, and a brother graduates from Morehouse Tuesday. Dean of Students Harold Hamilton said last night that he was "shocked" to hear of the incident. He said that Earl, a sophomore came to Clark after he was discharged from military service. "He was a good boy as far as character was concerned," the Dean said. "He was a clean cut boy." He explained that as far as he knew, Earl had few associates on the campus. He described the young man as "quiet" and a "lone ranger." The Brass and The Blue By JAMES KEEN Copyright, 1956 by James Keene, Reprinted by permission of Random House, Inc. (King Features Syndicate) THE GREAT gates of Fort Phil Kearny yawned wide and there was music issuing forth, followed immediately by General Wessels' colors. The entire regiment marched into view, stopped, and waited in stunned silence while the battered remnants of Lieutenant Emil Schwabacker's troop approached. General Wessels gave an order and A Company broke ranks, running forward, hands lifted to dismount the wounded tenderly. Schwabacker was lifted off his horse and borne to the general. Wessels' face was grave as he had his look. "Get him to the hospital," he said. "On the double!"' From that moment everything became a chaotic blur to Emil Schwabacker. He hadn't even been aware that he was hit by Indian fire again! A strange officer was giving orders to Sergeant Linahan, an ambulance came up, pulled by maniacal horses, and he was hoisted bodily into it. He recognized one of Dr. Cove Butler's corpsmen and in that way knew that the infantry had made the post in safety. Somehow his grievous losses did not seem so futile now; the heavy responsibility of his command decision was immeasurably lightened. The swaying ambulance carried him across the parade to the infirmary and there he was littercarried inside. He felt an undefined shame at being handled in this manner and tried to get up, but a corpsman with little nonsense in him pushed him back. A regimental surgeon attached to Wessels' command was assisting Butler, who wore a haggard expression. He looked around as Schwabacker was carried inside, then he smiled and came over, his bloody hands gentle as he removed Schwabacker's shirt. "Did you make it . . . without loss. Cove?" "Sure," Butler said in a soothing voice. "We made it, son. We made out fine and so will you." Ether always left him nauseated and he made a feeble objection when Butler dropped the cone over his face, but then the sick sweetness hit him and he no longer cared. Sounds faded and light dwindled to far-off dancing specks, then a sheet of darkness came down. He was in bed when he came out of it, but twenty minutes passed before his sickness left him. His stomach and chest felt restricted by the thick bandage. There was another around his thigh. Someone conversed outside his small room and then Cove Butler opened the door, took one look at him and beckoned General Wessels in. From the position of the sunlight entering the room. Schwabacker knew that It was late afternoon Wessels moved a chair close to the bed and sat down. "How are you feeling, Lieutenant?" "Fine, Sir." Schwabacker's voice sounded strange, like a rusty hinge that hadn't been moved for years. "My command; sir . . ." "They're all right. They're being taken care of." Wessels took a cigar from his pocket. "May I smoke?" "Of course, sir." Schwabacker was embarrassed to have a general ask such a thing. "I'm putting together my report," Wessels said. "I would like your account". Schwabacker began his account at the point when he made contact with the command bivouacked on Crazy Woman's Fork. He spoke clearly, concisely, and omitted nothing, even the irregularity of relieving Captain Jocelyn of his command by force. General Wessels sat stolidly throughout the report, turning the air blue with his strong cigar. It was only when Schwabacker spoke off his decision to charge the enemy that Wessels interrupted. "Lieutenant, it seems to me that you took quite a gamble." "Yes, sir." Schwabacker's first thought was of the cost in men, his unforgivable tactical blunder that would remain oh his record. Wessels said, "My conscience has been heavy, Lieutenant I left you out there. Refused to reinforce you and denied your sergeant permission to rejoin you or even apprise you of your precarious position." Wessels worked the cigar over to the other side of his mouth. "I didn't sleep last night". Schwabacker stared; he could not help it. He felt an almost irresistible urge to wiggle his finger in his ears to clear them, for surely he had heard incorrectly. The general was apologizing! "I've talked to Captain Jocelyn," Wessels was saying, "and I'm convinced the force you engaged was commanded by Red Cloud himself; the whole thing smacks of his generalship." Wessels slid his chair back and stood up. "It may please, you to know that upon Captain Jocelyn's recommendation, I am breveting you to the rank of captain for this action." "Sir, I . . . " "Save your thanks," Wessels said. "Captain Jocelyn is drawing up charges against you for what he considers unauthorized action in relieving him of his command." Wessels turned to the door, his passage stirring the fog-thick smoke. His smile was genuinely paternal. "Get some rest, Captain." He closed the door softly behind him. Captain! Brevet Captain! The same pay, to be sure, but the rank was real. There would be no turning that back now, no taking it away, for a brevet rank was given by a general officer only for outstanding bravery. Schwabacker closed his eyes, for he felt slightly dizzy. Cove Butler came in some time later. "There's a half-wild Irish sergeant out here to see you." "Finnegan?" "Aye, sor," Finnegan said, pushing past Butler. "Glory be, sor, what you can put a man through. It was my thinkin' that I'd never lay eyes on you again, sor." "This was a rough one," Captain Schwabacker said regretfully. "I've lost good men, Sean. Forgive me for it; I'd bring them all back if I could." "There'll be no apology from you, sor. I'll not be hearin' it." Finnegan sat down and wiped his nose, snuffling as he did so. "Th' troops proud of th' fight, sor. Real proud. So's th' fight general. It's th' first time that heathen Red Cloud's had his horn pulled proper an' E Troop did it, sor." "Have you seen Captain Jocelyn?" Schwabacker asked. Finnegan nodded. "Aye, an' he's an angry man, sor. It's his feelin' that he should have commanded, that troop instead of you." "The man was in no shape to command the awkward squad!" Aye, sor. But th' captain's got! a different opinion." "I suppose he's included you in his charges?" "That he has, but don't you be worryin' about it, sor. This one's, been inside th' guardhouse before." He bent forward and touched Schwabacker lightly. "You're a blinkin' hero, sor. Th' general just dispatched a rider to Laramie with a full report of Red Cloud's lickin'." Finnegan's eyes took on a pleased shine. "Ah, it's me own pension I'd be givin' to have been in that raid through his village." Schwabacker tried to sit up in bed, suddenly alarmed. Hero? No! There was a terrible mistake! If this word got to the newspapers! "Sergeant! I want to see the general. Now!" "Now you rest, sor," Finnegan said, sure that his commanding officer was out of his head. He got up and went outside, and from the speed with which Cove Butler entered the room, Schwabacker could guess the context of Finnegan's remarks. "Want me to get you, something?" Butler asked. "Get me the general," Schwabacker said loudly. "Cove, I'm not a hero!" "The report's gone," Butler said. There's nothing you can do now. Try and get some sleep. You've lost a lot of blood." He patted Schwabacker's shoulder, smiled and went out. The newly promoted captain lay on his bed and fretted. He closed his eyes and tried to sleep, but his uncertain future made him turn fretfully on the narrow hospital, bed. CHAPTER 23 By JAMES KEEN Copyright, 1956 by James Keene, Reprinted by permission of Random House, Inc. (King Features Syndicate) THE GREAT gates of Fort Phil Kearny yawned wide and there was music issuing forth, followed immediately by General Wessels' colors. The entire regiment marched into view, stopped, and waited in stunned silence while the battered remnants of Lieutenant Emil Schwabacker's troop approached. General Wessels gave an order and A Company broke ranks, running forward, hands lifted to dismount the wounded tenderly. Schwabacker was lifted off his horse and borne to the general. Wessels' face was grave as he had his look. "Get him to the hospital," he said. "On the double!"' From that moment everything became a chaotic blur to Emil Schwabacker. He hadn't even been aware that he was hit by Indian fire again! A strange officer was giving orders to Sergeant Linahan, an ambulance came up, pulled by maniacal horses, and he was hoisted bodily into it. He recognized one of Dr. Cove Butler's corpsmen and in that way knew that the infantry had made the post in safety. Somehow his grievous losses did not seem so futile now; the heavy responsibility of his command decision was immeasurably lightened. The swaying ambulance carried him across the parade to the infirmary and there he was littercarried inside. He felt an undefined shame at being handled in this manner and tried to get up, but a corpsman with little nonsense in him pushed him back. A regimental surgeon attached to Wessels' command was assisting Butler, who wore a haggard expression. He looked around as Schwabacker was carried inside, then he smiled and came over, his bloody hands gentle as he removed Schwabacker's shirt. "Did you make it . . . without loss. Cove?" "Sure," Butler said in a soothing voice. "We made it, son. We made out fine and so will you." Ether always left him nauseated and he made a feeble objection when Butler dropped the cone over his face, but then the sick sweetness hit him and he no longer cared. Sounds faded and light dwindled to far-off dancing specks, then a sheet of darkness came down. He was in bed when he came out of it, but twenty minutes passed before his sickness left him. His stomach and chest felt restricted by the thick bandage. There was another around his thigh. Someone conversed outside his small room and then Cove Butler opened the door, took one look at him and beckoned General Wessels in. From the position of the sunlight entering the room. Schwabacker knew that It was late afternoon Wessels moved a chair close to the bed and sat down. "How are you feeling, Lieutenant?" "Fine, Sir." Schwabacker's voice sounded strange, like a rusty hinge that hadn't been moved for years. "My command; sir . . ." "They're all right. They're being taken care of." Wessels took a cigar from his pocket. "May I smoke?" "Of course, sir." Schwabacker was embarrassed to have a general ask such a thing. "I'm putting together my report," Wessels said. "I would like your account". Schwabacker began his account at the point when he made contact with the command bivouacked on Crazy Woman's Fork. He spoke clearly, concisely, and omitted nothing, even the irregularity of relieving Captain Jocelyn of his command by force. General Wessels sat stolidly throughout the report, turning the air blue with his strong cigar. It was only when Schwabacker spoke off his decision to charge the enemy that Wessels interrupted. "Lieutenant, it seems to me that you took quite a gamble." "Yes, sir." Schwabacker's first thought was of the cost in men, his unforgivable tactical blunder that would remain oh his record. Wessels said, "My conscience has been heavy, Lieutenant I left you out there. Refused to reinforce you and denied your sergeant permission to rejoin you or even apprise you of your precarious position." Wessels worked the cigar over to the other side of his mouth. "I didn't sleep last night". Schwabacker stared; he could not help it. He felt an almost irresistible urge to wiggle his finger in his ears to clear them, for surely he had heard incorrectly. The general was apologizing! "I've talked to Captain Jocelyn," Wessels was saying, "and I'm convinced the force you engaged was commanded by Red Cloud himself; the whole thing smacks of his generalship." Wessels slid his chair back and stood up. "It may please, you to know that upon Captain Jocelyn's recommendation, I am breveting you to the rank of captain for this action." "Sir, I . . . " "Save your thanks," Wessels said. "Captain Jocelyn is drawing up charges against you for what he considers unauthorized action in relieving him of his command." Wessels turned to the door, his passage stirring the fog-thick smoke. His smile was genuinely paternal. "Get some rest, Captain." He closed the door softly behind him. Captain! Brevet Captain! The same pay, to be sure, but the rank was real. There would be no turning that back now, no taking it away, for a brevet rank was given by a general officer only for outstanding bravery. Schwabacker closed his eyes, for he felt slightly dizzy. Cove Butler came in some time later. "There's a half-wild Irish sergeant out here to see you." "Finnegan?" "Aye, sor," Finnegan said, pushing past Butler. "Glory be, sor, what you can put a man through. It was my thinkin' that I'd never lay eyes on you again, sor." "This was a rough one," Captain Schwabacker said regretfully. "I've lost good men, Sean. Forgive me for it; I'd bring them all back if I could." "There'll be no apology from you, sor. I'll not be hearin' it." Finnegan sat down and wiped his nose, snuffling as he did so. "Th' troops proud of th' fight, sor. Real proud. So's th' fight general. It's th' first time that heathen Red Cloud's had his horn pulled proper an' E Troop did it, sor." "Have you seen Captain Jocelyn?" Schwabacker asked. Finnegan nodded. "Aye, an' he's an angry man, sor. It's his feelin' that he should have commanded, that troop instead of you." "The man was in no shape to command the awkward squad!" Aye, sor. But th' captain's got! a different opinion." "I suppose he's included you in his charges?" "That he has, but don't you be worryin' about it, sor. This one's, been inside th' guardhouse before." He bent forward and touched Schwabacker lightly. "You're a blinkin' hero, sor. Th' general just dispatched a rider to Laramie with a full report of Red Cloud's lickin'." Finnegan's eyes took on a pleased shine. "Ah, it's me own pension I'd be givin' to have been in that raid through his village." Schwabacker tried to sit up in bed, suddenly alarmed. Hero? No! There was a terrible mistake! If this word got to the newspapers! "Sergeant! I want to see the general. Now!" "Now you rest, sor," Finnegan said, sure that his commanding officer was out of his head. He got up and went outside, and from the speed with which Cove Butler entered the room, Schwabacker could guess the context of Finnegan's remarks. "Want me to get you, something?" Butler asked. "Get me the general," Schwabacker said loudly. "Cove, I'm not a hero!" "The report's gone," Butler said. There's nothing you can do now. Try and get some sleep. You've lost a lot of blood." He patted Schwabacker's shoulder, smiled and went out. The newly promoted captain lay on his bed and fretted. He closed his eyes and tried to sleep, but his uncertain future made him turn fretfully on the narrow hospital, bed. Murphy Urges per. He said 80 per cent of newsprint comes from Canada and he doubts that the committee "can effectively regulate the price or Canadian newsprint." He also suggested that the Government use its great forest reserves in Alaska to encourage construction of paper mills so that the United States will have to depend chiefly on Canadian production of wood pulp. A third recommendation was that the Government encourages studies in chemistry leading to the development of a cheaper substitute for wood pulp in the production of newsprint. He said the Afro has adjusted its presses to print a narrower width paper in order to stay in business. With the increased cost of newsprint, he said, most weekly newspapers, ranging in circulation from 5,000 to 180,000, have had to reduce their sizes and condense news, making it necessary at times to leave out important news and features. Some that have been bi-weekly, he said, have been forced to come out only once a week. "The weekly newspaper, publisher," he said, "deserves even more credit than the big industrialist for his ability to meet costs necessary to stay in business." His suggestion of a subsidy, Mr. Murphy added, "does not in any way carry with it the possibility of muzzling the press, for better it be that they go out of business than be censored as the press is in the Iron Curtain countries." USE FOREST RESERVES per. He said 80 per cent of newsprint comes from Canada and he doubts that the committee "can effectively regulate the price or Canadian newsprint." He also suggested that the Government use its great forest reserves in Alaska to encourage construction of paper mills so that the United States will have to depend chiefly on Canadian production of wood pulp. A third recommendation was that the Government encourages studies in chemistry leading to the development of a cheaper substitute for wood pulp in the production of newsprint. He said the Afro has adjusted its presses to print a narrower width paper in order to stay in business. With the increased cost of newsprint, he said, most weekly newspapers, ranging in circulation from 5,000 to 180,000, have had to reduce their sizes and condense news, making it necessary at times to leave out important news and features. Some that have been bi-weekly, he said, have been forced to come out only once a week. "The weekly newspaper, publisher," he said, "deserves even more credit than the big industrialist for his ability to meet costs necessary to stay in business." His suggestion of a subsidy, Mr. Murphy added, "does not in any way carry with it the possibility of muzzling the press, for better it be that they go out of business than be censored as the press is in the Iron Curtain countries." Excellency, Integrity the "ust for success" because its "defeats the moral integrity of man, All honest men are not poor. Remember you must live with yourself My advice is to approve that which is excellent." Dr. King advised the students to also "be gracious" by explaining "there is no life merits the good its gets from life. Therefore, approach human-kind as a sacred trust." He continued Profound and intelligent concern about life is sorely needed, not just concern about oneself. "Be concerned about the uneducated." He explained. The speaker then related the story about William Garrison who had a $5,000 reward placed upon his head, dead or alive, by the state of Georgia after he wrote an editorial in his newspaper demanding that three million Negro slaves be emancipated. He added "life had never been changed by those who are con earned with good taste. It must result by bouncing over conventional actions. Because life is conferation of give-and-take. Inclusion Dr. King, a teacher and a lecturer, warned "if your soul is to come into its own when it will require a fraternity of understanding. It is my prayer that you may approve that which is excellent.'' He was introduced by Dr. F. Price, the college's president. Scripture was read by Lionel Arnold, the college pastor. Music was supplied by the college chorus. Dr. Golden To Rome, Cairo, Jerusalem, New Delhi and Manila and Tokyo. He will speak at colleges, missions and church groups. In Tokyo where he will spend most of his time, the minister will conduct evangelistic services. He is being sent as the goodwill ambassador of the National Fraternal Council, an inter-racial religious organization. He is head of the Central Jurisdictional Board of Evangelism of the Methodist Church. 28 Year Old Man Wilson struck him on the head with an iron tool. Wilson admitted he struck Martin when he thought his fellow worker was advancing toward him with a knife. Martin was represented by Cordell Hull Sloan, who motioned for a new trial, which has been set for July 2 in Judge Perry Sellers court. High Court Backs GI Sentences The Supreme Court upheld Monday 20-year prison sentences for two American soldiers once convicted of murder and attempted, rape In the death of a Korean woman in 1951. A court martial originally gave Chester E. Jackson, of Mingo Junction, Ohio, and Harriel (CQ) L. Fowler of Nettleton, Miss., a single aggregate life sentence for the two offenses. The Army Board of Review reversed the finding of guilt on the murder charge, and reduced the sentence to 20-years – the minimum – for attempt rape. The question put up to the high court was whether the Board of Review exceeded its authority and the court, in a 5 to 4 decision, upheld the Board.