Memphis World
Memphis World Publishing Co.
1959-10-24
Thaddeus T. Stokes

MEMPHIS WORLD
The South's Oldest and Leading Colored Semi-Weekly Newspapers
Published by MEMPHIS WORLD PUBLISHING CO.
Every WEDNESDAY and SATURDAY at 564 BEALE — Phone JA. 6-4030
Member of SCOTT NEWSPAPER SYNDICATE
W. A. Scott, II, Founder; C. A. Scott, General Manager
Entered in the Post Office at Memphis, Tenn. as second-class mail
under the Act of Congress, March 1, 1870
THADDEUS T. STOKES Managing Editor
SMITH FLEMING Circulation Manager
SUBSCRIPTION RATES:
Year $5.00 — 6 Months $3.00 — 3 Months $1.50 (In Advance)
The MEMPHIS WORLD is an independent newspaper — non-sectarian
and non-partisan, printing news unbiasedly and supporting those things
it believes to be of interest to its readers and opposing those thing
against the interest of its readers.

New Services Needed
Mrs. S. L. Flipper, of Atlanta, Ga., in a speech before Alpha 
Gamma Chi Sorority, made an eloquent and timely challenge 
to civic, as well as her sorority sisters, to do something
about problems of illegitimacy, juvenile crimes, laxity in morals,
and slackness in character. To us these are new services needed 
to be faced and assumed by our leadership. The day should
be over when no more is done than to blame the slums, segregation 
and racial mistreatment.
Too frequently too many attempts to hide faults improperly 
behind the Jim Crow wall. Even where racial segregation
contributes to such social ills, there must never be found any
excuse for not doing what ought to be done to correct, to
change, and to overcome. The shocking statistics in "nameless
children" might become a major target of correction. They reflect 
a dodging of responsibility as they do corroding values
and family standards.
The fact that Jim Crow is being used to cover up social
failings is an additional reason for trying to knock it out as a
social condition and a political pattern. Moral values and family
standards must be taught, campaigned for, and even insisted
upon. No nation can remain healthy with unhealthy morals. Too
many among us prefer to point a finger of scorn to lifting a
helping hand.
Nor should it be overlooked that hostile forces often try
to use social statistics wrongfully and to make them serve the
efforts to hold the Negro group both down and back. But social
statistics reflect social neglect which reaches beyond racial and
neighborhood lines. Enforced racial segregation reflects a breakdown 
in democratic values. Here is a vicious circle of moral defection 
and blurred values.
A moral and social clean up is needed. We must face this
challenge as mature and responsible citizens. The by-products
of social evils cannot be walled off any more than disease. We
most not try to face this challenge merely as a population segment, 
but as Americans, or a city, or as human beings. Yet it
could be that our group will have to provide some of the initiative, 
much of the leadership, and less of the damaging
statistics.

CAPITAL SPOTLIGHT
MAHALIA JACKSON, No. 1 gospel singer, who appeared
on the program at the annual dinner of the White House Correspondents' 
Association honoring President Eisenhower on his
69th birthday, was as nervous before her appearance as an
amateur making her debut in a Broadway show.
Told that as much talent as she
had she had nothing to be nervous
about, she said: "All of my talent
has gone to my feet."
She had a new album of records 
she wanted to give to Mr. Eisenhower 
but worried about how
to do it, although she had been
told she would see the President
after the show.
A member of her encourage asked 
Merriman Smith, the United
Press International correspondent,
who was in charge of the entertainment, 
if he would see that the
album got to the President.
Turning to Mahalia, Merriman
remarked that the simplest way to
get the album to Mr. Eisenhower
was "for you to give it to him."
After dinner was over, President
Eisenhower stopped backstage to
congratulate the persons who had
appeared in the show.
He talked to Mahalia longer
than he talked with any of the
others, including Carl Reiner who
was the master of ceremonies. Hal
Holbrook of the cast of "My Fair
Lady," the Lennon Sisters, John
Gary, Francis Brunn, the world's
greatest juggler, and the Justin
Lawrie Singers.
Mr. Eisenhower also posed for
photographs with Miss Jackson.
Miss Jackson sang "He's Got the
Whole World in His Hands,"
"Somebody Bigger Than You and
I," "Ain Going to Study War No
More," and "I Believe."
She had some hotter numbers in
her peperoire. Efforts were made
to persuade her to sing some of
these hotter numbers, but she declined 
She said it would not be
dignified to do them in the presence 
of the President.
Among the guests at the dinner
were Dr. Frank Jones, Dr. Harold
W. Johnson and E. Frederic. Mor
row, 
a member of the White House
staff.
Incidentally. Dr. Jones, a specialist 
in neurology, left Saturday for
Germany to participate as a consultant 
to the Benjamin Franklin
Foundation which is building a
teaching hospital in Berlin. He will
be present at the ground-breaking
ceremony on Oct. 21. From Berlin,
Dr. Jones will go to Russia for
a visit. He is being accompanied
by his wife.
Miss Marian Anderson will be
guest of honor at the third annual
NAACP Freedom Fund dinner in
the Hotel Commodore in New York
City Sunday, Dec. 6. Jackie Robinson, 
co-chairman with Marguerite 
Belafonte of the dinner, announced. 

At a meeting of the dinner sponsoring 
committee, before Miss Anderson 
was chosen to be the guest
of honor, this column was informed, 
it was proposed that Dr. William 
E. B. DuBois, one of the
founders of the NAACP and one
of its guiding lights in its formative 
years, and Dr. John Haynes
Holmes be honored.
The idea was enthusiastically
received, says the report, save for
one white member of the committee. 

George Meany, AFL-CIO president, 
and Phil Randolph, AFLCIO 
vice president and president
of the Brotherhood of Sleeping
Car Porters, are in complete agreement 
that pressure should be kept
on AFL-CIO affiliates which bar
colored workers from membership
or otherwise practice racial discrimination 
or segregation, and
also on segregated locals.
But Meany does not agree with
Phil that the AFL-CIO should
treat such unions as thieves and
Communists.
Progress has been made against
racial discrimination in labor
unions under the, AFL-CIO policy,
but Meany says it was not made
with a sledge hammer.
There are now three international 
unions affiliated with the AFLCIO 
which have color bars in their
constitutions. They are the Airline
Pilots Association, the Brotherhood
of Locomotive Firemen and Enginemen 
and the Brotherhood of
Trainmen.
The AFL-CIO took the Firemen
and Enginemen and Trainmen into
the federation on condition that
they would drop their color bars.
They have nat done so. That is
what precipitated the fight between
Meany and Randolph at the recent 
AFL-CIO convention in San
Francisco.
Of the 29 members of the AFLCIO 
Executive Council, only two
voted against admitting the two
Brotherhoods, one was Randolph.
In 1956 the AFL-CIO headquarters 
here received more than 4,000
letters from local unions in the
South protesting AFL-CIO support 
of school desegregation. These
letters denounced Meany, Walter
Reuther, president of the United
Auto Workers, and other AFLCIO 
officers.
One segregationist wrote that if
he must decide between being a
Southerner and a unionist, he was
going to be a Southerner.
The files of the National Labor
Relations Board discloses a number 
of cases in which racial prejudices 
have been used to influence
employees in the choice of a collecting 
bargaining representatives.
Frinaance, the meter plant of
the Westinghouse Electric Corporation 
at Raleigh, N. C. was charged 
with injecting the racial issue
into a preelection campaign to influence 
the outcome of voting.
Specific charges were:
1. Company officials told assembled 
employees that white employers 
that white employees would be
discriminated against if the International 
Union of Electrical, Radio
and Machine Workers (AFL-CIO)
won.
2. Management showed pictures
of white and colored employees
working together and predicted
that the union would cause similar 
practices in the North Carolina
plant.
3. The plant manager called the
employees together and made the
"implied promise" that if the
union was rejected by the employees, 
existing racial segregation
would be retained.
Note: The IUE has a policy, not
always followed which calls for
disregarding racial lines in the allocation 
of jobs.

A Nervous Singer
MAHALIA JACKSON, No. 1 gospel singer, who appeared
on the program at the annual dinner of the White House Correspondents' 
Association honoring President Eisenhower on his
69th birthday, was as nervous before her appearance as an
amateur making her debut in a Broadway show.
Told that as much talent as she
had she had nothing to be nervous
about, she said: "All of my talent
has gone to my feet."
She had a new album of records 
she wanted to give to Mr. Eisenhower 
but worried about how
to do it, although she had been
told she would see the President
after the show.
A member of her encourage asked 
Merriman Smith, the United
Press International correspondent,
who was in charge of the entertainment, 
if he would see that the
album got to the President.
Turning to Mahalia, Merriman
remarked that the simplest way to
get the album to Mr. Eisenhower
was "for you to give it to him."
After dinner was over, President
Eisenhower stopped backstage to
congratulate the persons who had
appeared in the show.
He talked to Mahalia longer
than he talked with any of the
others, including Carl Reiner who
was the master of ceremonies. Hal
Holbrook of the cast of "My Fair
Lady," the Lennon Sisters, John
Gary, Francis Brunn, the world's
greatest juggler, and the Justin
Lawrie Singers.
Mr. Eisenhower also posed for
photographs with Miss Jackson.
Miss Jackson sang "He's Got the
Whole World in His Hands,"
"Somebody Bigger Than You and
I," "Ain Going to Study War No
More," and "I Believe."
She had some hotter numbers in
her peperoire. Efforts were made
to persuade her to sing some of
these hotter numbers, but she declined 
She said it would not be
dignified to do them in the presence 
of the President.
Among the guests at the dinner
were Dr. Frank Jones, Dr. Harold
W. Johnson and E. Frederic. Mor
row, 
a member of the White House
staff.
Incidentally. Dr. Jones, a specialist 
in neurology, left Saturday for
Germany to participate as a consultant 
to the Benjamin Franklin
Foundation which is building a
teaching hospital in Berlin. He will
be present at the ground-breaking
ceremony on Oct. 21. From Berlin,
Dr. Jones will go to Russia for
a visit. He is being accompanied
by his wife.
Miss Marian Anderson will be
guest of honor at the third annual
NAACP Freedom Fund dinner in
the Hotel Commodore in New York
City Sunday, Dec. 6. Jackie Robinson, 
co-chairman with Marguerite 
Belafonte of the dinner, announced. 

At a meeting of the dinner sponsoring 
committee, before Miss Anderson 
was chosen to be the guest
of honor, this column was informed, 
it was proposed that Dr. William 
E. B. DuBois, one of the
founders of the NAACP and one
of its guiding lights in its formative 
years, and Dr. John Haynes
Holmes be honored.
The idea was enthusiastically
received, says the report, save for
one white member of the committee. 

George Meany, AFL-CIO president, 
and Phil Randolph, AFLCIO 
vice president and president
of the Brotherhood of Sleeping
Car Porters, are in complete agreement 
that pressure should be kept
on AFL-CIO affiliates which bar
colored workers from membership
or otherwise practice racial discrimination 
or segregation, and
also on segregated locals.
But Meany does not agree with
Phil that the AFL-CIO should
treat such unions as thieves and
Communists.
Progress has been made against
racial discrimination in labor
unions under the, AFL-CIO policy,
but Meany says it was not made
with a sledge hammer.
There are now three international 
unions affiliated with the AFLCIO 
which have color bars in their
constitutions. They are the Airline
Pilots Association, the Brotherhood
of Locomotive Firemen and Enginemen 
and the Brotherhood of
Trainmen.
The AFL-CIO took the Firemen
and Enginemen and Trainmen into
the federation on condition that
they would drop their color bars.
They have nat done so. That is
what precipitated the fight between
Meany and Randolph at the recent 
AFL-CIO convention in San
Francisco.
Of the 29 members of the AFLCIO 
Executive Council, only two
voted against admitting the two
Brotherhoods, one was Randolph.
In 1956 the AFL-CIO headquarters 
here received more than 4,000
letters from local unions in the
South protesting AFL-CIO support 
of school desegregation. These
letters denounced Meany, Walter
Reuther, president of the United
Auto Workers, and other AFLCIO 
officers.
One segregationist wrote that if
he must decide between being a
Southerner and a unionist, he was
going to be a Southerner.
The files of the National Labor
Relations Board discloses a number 
of cases in which racial prejudices 
have been used to influence
employees in the choice of a collecting 
bargaining representatives.
Frinaance, the meter plant of
the Westinghouse Electric Corporation 
at Raleigh, N. C. was charged 
with injecting the racial issue
into a preelection campaign to influence 
the outcome of voting.
Specific charges were:
1. Company officials told assembled 
employees that white employers 
that white employees would be
discriminated against if the International 
Union of Electrical, Radio
and Machine Workers (AFL-CIO)
won.
2. Management showed pictures
of white and colored employees
working together and predicted
that the union would cause similar 
practices in the North Carolina
plant.
3. The plant manager called the
employees together and made the
"implied promise" that if the
union was rejected by the employees, 
existing racial segregation
would be retained.
Note: The IUE has a policy, not
always followed which calls for
disregarding racial lines in the allocation 
of jobs.

POSED WITH PHOTOGRAPHS
MAHALIA JACKSON, No. 1 gospel singer, who appeared
on the program at the annual dinner of the White House Correspondents' 
Association honoring President Eisenhower on his
69th birthday, was as nervous before her appearance as an
amateur making her debut in a Broadway show.
Told that as much talent as she
had she had nothing to be nervous
about, she said: "All of my talent
has gone to my feet."
She had a new album of records 
she wanted to give to Mr. Eisenhower 
but worried about how
to do it, although she had been
told she would see the President
after the show.
A member of her encourage asked 
Merriman Smith, the United
Press International correspondent,
who was in charge of the entertainment, 
if he would see that the
album got to the President.
Turning to Mahalia, Merriman
remarked that the simplest way to
get the album to Mr. Eisenhower
was "for you to give it to him."
After dinner was over, President
Eisenhower stopped backstage to
congratulate the persons who had
appeared in the show.
He talked to Mahalia longer
than he talked with any of the
others, including Carl Reiner who
was the master of ceremonies. Hal
Holbrook of the cast of "My Fair
Lady," the Lennon Sisters, John
Gary, Francis Brunn, the world's
greatest juggler, and the Justin
Lawrie Singers.
Mr. Eisenhower also posed for
photographs with Miss Jackson.
Miss Jackson sang "He's Got the
Whole World in His Hands,"
"Somebody Bigger Than You and
I," "Ain Going to Study War No
More," and "I Believe."
She had some hotter numbers in
her peperoire. Efforts were made
to persuade her to sing some of
these hotter numbers, but she declined 
She said it would not be
dignified to do them in the presence 
of the President.
Among the guests at the dinner
were Dr. Frank Jones, Dr. Harold
W. Johnson and E. Frederic. Mor
row, 
a member of the White House
staff.
Incidentally. Dr. Jones, a specialist 
in neurology, left Saturday for
Germany to participate as a consultant 
to the Benjamin Franklin
Foundation which is building a
teaching hospital in Berlin. He will
be present at the ground-breaking
ceremony on Oct. 21. From Berlin,
Dr. Jones will go to Russia for
a visit. He is being accompanied
by his wife.
Miss Marian Anderson will be
guest of honor at the third annual
NAACP Freedom Fund dinner in
the Hotel Commodore in New York
City Sunday, Dec. 6. Jackie Robinson, 
co-chairman with Marguerite 
Belafonte of the dinner, announced. 

At a meeting of the dinner sponsoring 
committee, before Miss Anderson 
was chosen to be the guest
of honor, this column was informed, 
it was proposed that Dr. William 
E. B. DuBois, one of the
founders of the NAACP and one
of its guiding lights in its formative 
years, and Dr. John Haynes
Holmes be honored.
The idea was enthusiastically
received, says the report, save for
one white member of the committee. 

George Meany, AFL-CIO president, 
and Phil Randolph, AFLCIO 
vice president and president
of the Brotherhood of Sleeping
Car Porters, are in complete agreement 
that pressure should be kept
on AFL-CIO affiliates which bar
colored workers from membership
or otherwise practice racial discrimination 
or segregation, and
also on segregated locals.
But Meany does not agree with
Phil that the AFL-CIO should
treat such unions as thieves and
Communists.
Progress has been made against
racial discrimination in labor
unions under the, AFL-CIO policy,
but Meany says it was not made
with a sledge hammer.
There are now three international 
unions affiliated with the AFLCIO 
which have color bars in their
constitutions. They are the Airline
Pilots Association, the Brotherhood
of Locomotive Firemen and Enginemen 
and the Brotherhood of
Trainmen.
The AFL-CIO took the Firemen
and Enginemen and Trainmen into
the federation on condition that
they would drop their color bars.
They have nat done so. That is
what precipitated the fight between
Meany and Randolph at the recent 
AFL-CIO convention in San
Francisco.
Of the 29 members of the AFLCIO 
Executive Council, only two
voted against admitting the two
Brotherhoods, one was Randolph.
In 1956 the AFL-CIO headquarters 
here received more than 4,000
letters from local unions in the
South protesting AFL-CIO support 
of school desegregation. These
letters denounced Meany, Walter
Reuther, president of the United
Auto Workers, and other AFLCIO 
officers.
One segregationist wrote that if
he must decide between being a
Southerner and a unionist, he was
going to be a Southerner.
The files of the National Labor
Relations Board discloses a number 
of cases in which racial prejudices 
have been used to influence
employees in the choice of a collecting 
bargaining representatives.
Frinaance, the meter plant of
the Westinghouse Electric Corporation 
at Raleigh, N. C. was charged 
with injecting the racial issue
into a preelection campaign to influence 
the outcome of voting.
Specific charges were:
1. Company officials told assembled 
employees that white employers 
that white employees would be
discriminated against if the International 
Union of Electrical, Radio
and Machine Workers (AFL-CIO)
won.
2. Management showed pictures
of white and colored employees
working together and predicted
that the union would cause similar 
practices in the North Carolina
plant.
3. The plant manager called the
employees together and made the
"implied promise" that if the
union was rejected by the employees, 
existing racial segregation
would be retained.
Note: The IUE has a policy, not
always followed which calls for
disregarding racial lines in the allocation 
of jobs.

COMPLETE AGREEMENT
MAHALIA JACKSON, No. 1 gospel singer, who appeared
on the program at the annual dinner of the White House Correspondents' 
Association honoring President Eisenhower on his
69th birthday, was as nervous before her appearance as an
amateur making her debut in a Broadway show.
Told that as much talent as she
had she had nothing to be nervous
about, she said: "All of my talent
has gone to my feet."
She had a new album of records 
she wanted to give to Mr. Eisenhower 
but worried about how
to do it, although she had been
told she would see the President
after the show.
A member of her encourage asked 
Merriman Smith, the United
Press International correspondent,
who was in charge of the entertainment, 
if he would see that the
album got to the President.
Turning to Mahalia, Merriman
remarked that the simplest way to
get the album to Mr. Eisenhower
was "for you to give it to him."
After dinner was over, President
Eisenhower stopped backstage to
congratulate the persons who had
appeared in the show.
He talked to Mahalia longer
than he talked with any of the
others, including Carl Reiner who
was the master of ceremonies. Hal
Holbrook of the cast of "My Fair
Lady," the Lennon Sisters, John
Gary, Francis Brunn, the world's
greatest juggler, and the Justin
Lawrie Singers.
Mr. Eisenhower also posed for
photographs with Miss Jackson.
Miss Jackson sang "He's Got the
Whole World in His Hands,"
"Somebody Bigger Than You and
I," "Ain Going to Study War No
More," and "I Believe."
She had some hotter numbers in
her peperoire. Efforts were made
to persuade her to sing some of
these hotter numbers, but she declined 
She said it would not be
dignified to do them in the presence 
of the President.
Among the guests at the dinner
were Dr. Frank Jones, Dr. Harold
W. Johnson and E. Frederic. Mor
row, 
a member of the White House
staff.
Incidentally. Dr. Jones, a specialist 
in neurology, left Saturday for
Germany to participate as a consultant 
to the Benjamin Franklin
Foundation which is building a
teaching hospital in Berlin. He will
be present at the ground-breaking
ceremony on Oct. 21. From Berlin,
Dr. Jones will go to Russia for
a visit. He is being accompanied
by his wife.
Miss Marian Anderson will be
guest of honor at the third annual
NAACP Freedom Fund dinner in
the Hotel Commodore in New York
City Sunday, Dec. 6. Jackie Robinson, 
co-chairman with Marguerite 
Belafonte of the dinner, announced. 

At a meeting of the dinner sponsoring 
committee, before Miss Anderson 
was chosen to be the guest
of honor, this column was informed, 
it was proposed that Dr. William 
E. B. DuBois, one of the
founders of the NAACP and one
of its guiding lights in its formative 
years, and Dr. John Haynes
Holmes be honored.
The idea was enthusiastically
received, says the report, save for
one white member of the committee. 

George Meany, AFL-CIO president, 
and Phil Randolph, AFLCIO 
vice president and president
of the Brotherhood of Sleeping
Car Porters, are in complete agreement 
that pressure should be kept
on AFL-CIO affiliates which bar
colored workers from membership
or otherwise practice racial discrimination 
or segregation, and
also on segregated locals.
But Meany does not agree with
Phil that the AFL-CIO should
treat such unions as thieves and
Communists.
Progress has been made against
racial discrimination in labor
unions under the, AFL-CIO policy,
but Meany says it was not made
with a sledge hammer.
There are now three international 
unions affiliated with the AFLCIO 
which have color bars in their
constitutions. They are the Airline
Pilots Association, the Brotherhood
of Locomotive Firemen and Enginemen 
and the Brotherhood of
Trainmen.
The AFL-CIO took the Firemen
and Enginemen and Trainmen into
the federation on condition that
they would drop their color bars.
They have nat done so. That is
what precipitated the fight between
Meany and Randolph at the recent 
AFL-CIO convention in San
Francisco.
Of the 29 members of the AFLCIO 
Executive Council, only two
voted against admitting the two
Brotherhoods, one was Randolph.
In 1956 the AFL-CIO headquarters 
here received more than 4,000
letters from local unions in the
South protesting AFL-CIO support 
of school desegregation. These
letters denounced Meany, Walter
Reuther, president of the United
Auto Workers, and other AFLCIO 
officers.
One segregationist wrote that if
he must decide between being a
Southerner and a unionist, he was
going to be a Southerner.
The files of the National Labor
Relations Board discloses a number 
of cases in which racial prejudices 
have been used to influence
employees in the choice of a collecting 
bargaining representatives.
Frinaance, the meter plant of
the Westinghouse Electric Corporation 
at Raleigh, N. C. was charged 
with injecting the racial issue
into a preelection campaign to influence 
the outcome of voting.
Specific charges were:
1. Company officials told assembled 
employees that white employers 
that white employees would be
discriminated against if the International 
Union of Electrical, Radio
and Machine Workers (AFL-CIO)
won.
2. Management showed pictures
of white and colored employees
working together and predicted
that the union would cause similar 
practices in the North Carolina
plant.
3. The plant manager called the
employees together and made the
"implied promise" that if the
union was rejected by the employees, 
existing racial segregation
would be retained.
Note: The IUE has a policy, not
always followed which calls for
disregarding racial lines in the allocation 
of jobs.

WISHING WELL
Registered U. S. Patent Office.
HERE is a pleasant little game that will give you a message every
day. It is a numerical puzzle designed to spell out your fortune.
Count the litters in your first name. If the number of letters is 6 or
more, subtract 4. It the number is less than 6, add 3. The result is
your key number. Start at the upper left-hand corner of the rectangle 
and check every one of your key numbers, left to right. Then
read the message the letters under the checked figures give you.

Citizens Join Evers'

Evers be removed from his job "immediately," 
Ayres wrote his letter
shortly, after Evers announced as
candidate for a post on the city
commission.
"If Evers is fired, it will only
be because he is a Negro," said C.
F. McIntyre, a member of the Binghampton 
Civic League of which
Evers is president. "The post office
is trying to deny Negroes the privilege 
of exercising their freedoms.
Since Evers has never been on a
political ticket or had his name
on a ballot for any kind of election, 
the post office is not justified
in taking steps to dismiss him."
Although Evers did announce his
intentions of seeking a city commission 
post, he did not qualify to
run. Election commission officials
said he had not been a resident of
this city for five years as required
by commission rules.
Evers first came into the spotlight 
when he filed a suit in April
of 1956 calling for integration of
Memphis Transit Company buses.
The suit, filed here in District Federal 
Court is still pending.
The Binghampton Civic League
which Evers heads has also joined 
the crusade against segregation.
The League is helping finance a
suit in federal court seeking integration 
of this city's parks, playgrounds 
and swimming pools.
Latest contributors to the Evers
fund are: John C. Richardson, Mrs.
Annie Miller, Mrs. Gladys O'Neil,
George, Powers. John Fisher, Melvin 
Perkins, Ernest Mitchell, Mr.
and Mrs. Clarence Woods, Mr. and
Mrs. Samuel Coe, Jessie Clark. Martin 
Grant. Sidney Gray, Jasper
Owens, Winston Davis, East End
Pool Room, White's Garage and
"A Friend".

BUS PLAINTIFF

Evers be removed from his job "immediately," 
Ayres wrote his letter
shortly, after Evers announced as
candidate for a post on the city
commission.
"If Evers is fired, it will only
be because he is a Negro," said C.
F. McIntyre, a member of the Binghampton 
Civic League of which
Evers is president. "The post office
is trying to deny Negroes the privilege 
of exercising their freedoms.
Since Evers has never been on a
political ticket or had his name
on a ballot for any kind of election, 
the post office is not justified
in taking steps to dismiss him."
Although Evers did announce his
intentions of seeking a city commission 
post, he did not qualify to
run. Election commission officials
said he had not been a resident of
this city for five years as required
by commission rules.
Evers first came into the spotlight 
when he filed a suit in April
of 1956 calling for integration of
Memphis Transit Company buses.
The suit, filed here in District Federal 
Court is still pending.
The Binghampton Civic League
which Evers heads has also joined 
the crusade against segregation.
The League is helping finance a
suit in federal court seeking integration 
of this city's parks, playgrounds 
and swimming pools.
Latest contributors to the Evers
fund are: John C. Richardson, Mrs.
Annie Miller, Mrs. Gladys O'Neil,
George, Powers. John Fisher, Melvin 
Perkins, Ernest Mitchell, Mr.
and Mrs. Clarence Woods, Mr. and
Mrs. Samuel Coe, Jessie Clark. Martin 
Grant. Sidney Gray, Jasper
Owens, Winston Davis, East End
Pool Room, White's Garage and
"A Friend".

ADA Board

ward desegregation, and the establishment 
of a system of federal
registration to combat mass denials 
of the right to vote in the
South.
"Efforts between now and the
beginning of the session will be
concentrated upon securing enough
signatures on a discharge petition
initiated in the House last August
to bring a civil rights bill, to the
floor early in the session, and upon 
coordinating action to make it
clear to all legislators that the issue 
cannot be avoided by the passage 
of inadequate legislation."

Editor Hits Press

unpardonably. Certain Mississippi
papers have encouraged violence
and several South Carolina newspapers 
have done the same thing."
McGill generally is considered
the leading Southern moderate on
the school integration issue.
Asked whether he felt the Southern 
press in general was fulfilling
the role it should be playing in
regard to integration, he said flatly:
"They've failed pretty badly."
However, he noted that some
papers had no choice in advocating
stiff segregationist policies. If they
didn't, he said, "They'd soon be out
of business."
In his own state, McGill said
the segregation situation was becoming 
such that "the schools in
the Atlanta and the rest of the
state will be closed next September,
unless there is some kind of miracle." 


TOUGH SADDLE
By MATT STUART
© By Matt Stuart, 1959: from the Dodd, Mead & Co. novel:
distributed by King Features Syndicate.
The only girl who ever stirred Link
Asbell has become a worry to him.
Her father's death left Sue Vincent
with the responsibility of maintaining
the Big Five ranch against rivals and
outlaws. She has given her attention
to little except a round of gala
parties. As foreman of the ranch. Asbell 
has had to make all the decisions
and face all the problems alone.
In making the rounds of line camps
on the Big Five. Asbell found a cabin
burned to the ground, and its sole
occupant. Packy Lane dead in his
bunk. Convinced it was a case of murder. 
Link rode to Big Five headquarters 
to inform Sue He had difficulty
wresting her away from a noisy
party
She was angry at his suggestion
that Packy may have died as a result 
of the old feud of Jonas Dalmar
and Bardo Sampson with Sue's father. 
Jonas is the father of one of
Sue's suitors. Frank Dalmar and coowner 
of the Double Diamond ranch
with Sampson.
Something else gave Asbell himself
reason for anger. On his going to Doc
Jerome to report Packy's death, he
found the doctor with Sampson and
Dalmar. Dalmar made no pretense of
concern over happenings to either
Packy or Link, and Sage Wingo a
Double Diamond rider, challenged
Link to fight. Asbell literally had his
hands full with Sampson. Dalmar and
Wingo.
THERE was a night in the rear
of Doctor Lemuel Jerome's
cottage and when he opened the
front door and ushered Link Asbell 
in, a woman's serene, cheerful 
voice called forward.
"Lemuel?"
"Yes. Addie."
"You're not alone. Do you need
me?"
Doc, having set a lamp alight,
glanced at Link Asbell and
chuckled as he answered.
"Only if you think a cup of
hot coffee might be good for the
beginnings of a first-class black
eye."
"Lemuel Jerome—what are you
talking about?"
She came along a short hall
and turned into the office, a tall,
strong woman, sweet faced, kindly, 
and with snowy hair. At sight
of Asbell, she exclaimed.
"Link! Don't tell me that old
steady you have been brawling?"
Doc chuckled again.
"I doubt that brawl is exactly
the right word, my dear. Something 
considerably stronger
would be nearer the truth. I
never saw certain dignities so
upset—literally! Link, you grab
a chair. I'm putting some compresses 
on that eye, else it may
swell shut on you. And, Addie—
the idea of some coffee still
goes."
"I don't want to cause any
bother, Doc," Asbell protested.
"What I got to say won't take
long."
Doc waved a commanding
hand.
"Never argue with a medical
man when his professional instincts 
are aroused. That eye
needs care and is going to get it.
Sit down!"
The chair, decided Asbell, after
taking it, was very welcome. Reaction 
dad set in and it was good
to get off hi feet, to relax and
let the combative tautnes: leak
out of his muscles.
After several compresses plus
a steaming cup of coffee,. Doc
was ready to consider other business. 
He pulled a chair up beside 
Asbell.
"All right, boy—let's have it,
What's bothering you?'
Listening intently. Doc's casual
attitude faded as he heard Asbell
through.
"You make it pretty plain,
Link, that you feel it was more
than a thing of accidental
chance."
"I can't help but feel that way,
Doc," Asbell vowed.
Doc considered soberly. "It's
the fact that he was lying on the
bunk that you can't accept?"
"Along with certain others,"
Asbell nodded. "And sundown
was when Packy ate supper, not
when he went to bed."
"All that could be very true,"
Doc admitted. "But let's not forget 
that Packy was getting along
in years. He could have taken
sick, and so sought his bunk
much earlier in the day than
usual."
"And then set things afire?"
"If he'd been smoking, yes."
"Somehow I don't feel the real
answer is in any of such," said
Asbell. "And there are still other
angles."
Doc shrugged.
"I won't say you're wrong,
Link. For there are times when
a man's instincts in such things
are entirely reliable, So I'll go
along with you. In the morning
I'll drive as far as the mouth of
Rosebud Canyon and meet you
there."
"Thanks, Doc." Asbell got to
his feet. "I'll bring along an extra 
saddle bronc for you. Around
eight o'clock.?"
"Eight o'clock it is," Doc
promised.
It was after midnight when
Link Asbell left town. Well toward 
home, shortly after crossing
Burro Wash, he began meeting
rigs along the road and he swung
wide into the plain's deep dark to
let them pass.
One of them left the smoke of
Charley Tunnison's aromatic
cigar, hanging in the chilling air.
From another echoed the rich
rumble of Nes Madison's growling 
laughter. Then too, a couple
of saddle mounts went by, one at
a brisk jog, one at a lope.
With such evidence that the
social affair at Big Five had
broken up, Asbell, on reaching
headquarters, knew speculation
at the light still burning in the
ranch office, which was a center
room in the east wing of the
ranchhouse.
Unsaddling and putting his
horse away, he crossed to the
office, opened the door and
Stepped quietly through.
Curled up in an old easy chair
and half asleep was Sue Vincent.
She was swathed to the chin in
the folds of a blue woolen robe
and sat with her feet tucked under 
her. She had let her hair

down and brushed it until it reflected 
soft glints in the lamplight. 
As much as anything, she
looked like a sleepy, somewhat
tousled child.
At Asbell's' entrance she
blinked, yawned, and surveyed
him in drowsy silence until he
moved close enough to the light
to disclose his bruised cheek and
the darkening area around his
left eye. This brought her up
straight.
"Link! You've been fighting!"
He considered her for a grave
moment. "That's right."
"Who with?"
"Sage Wingo."
"Sage Wingo! Why?"
He did not immediately reply,
but pulled a chair up to the table
and settled into it. He thumbed
tobacco and papers from a shirt
pocket and built a cigarette
which turned out to be anything
but a good one, for there-was a
soreness in his knuckles and a
stiffness in his fingers which
made them clumsy and fumbling.
He must, he decided wryly, have
hit Wingo narder than he realized. 

Cigarette finally, alight, he
looked through the smoke at Sue
Vincent.
"You should be in bed. Whyaren't 
you?"
"I knew; I wouldn't be able to
sleep. I keep thinking about
Packy Lane. Why did you fight
with Sage Wingo?"
"Put it down that I never have
cared for him."
"That won't do," she said flatly. 
"You're not the sort to get in
a violent fight with somebody
just because you don't happen to
like them. What's the real reason?" 

Again he peered at her through
the blue, sifting smoke, silent for
another short moment. He nodded. 

"All right. I was looking for
Doc Jerome. I found him in the
Imperial with Whit Henderson.
Jonas Dalmar and Bardo Sampson 
and Sage Wingo were there,
too. There was some talk. One
word led to another until—well
—that's it"
"You make it sound very simple 
and matter-of-fact. Which of
course it isn't Sage Wingo is
riding boss for Dalma. & Sampson. 
If he fought with you while
they were present, then it must
have been with their consent."
Asbell's smile was faint and
mirthless.
"I think you could call it so."
"I don't like it, Link." she said.
"No, I don't like it at all!" I want
nothing to Happen that could stir
up the old hates, the old quarrels.
I saw enough of that sort of
thing while father was alive."
Asbell shrugged
"I don't want trouble, either—
not if it's at all possible to get by
without acting like a damned
scared coyote. But when the
other fellow deliberately throws
the rawhide at you what are you
going to do about it?"

© By Matt Stuart 1959: from the Dodd, Mend & Co. novel: distributed by King Features Syndicate.

WHAT HAS HAPPENED
By MATT STUART
© By Matt Stuart, 1959: from the Dodd, Mead & Co. novel:
distributed by King Features Syndicate.
The only girl who ever stirred Link
Asbell has become a worry to him.
Her father's death left Sue Vincent
with the responsibility of maintaining
the Big Five ranch against rivals and
outlaws. She has given her attention
to little except a round of gala
parties. As foreman of the ranch. Asbell 
has had to make all the decisions
and face all the problems alone.
In making the rounds of line camps
on the Big Five. Asbell found a cabin
burned to the ground, and its sole
occupant. Packy Lane dead in his
bunk. Convinced it was a case of murder. 
Link rode to Big Five headquarters 
to inform Sue He had difficulty
wresting her away from a noisy
party
She was angry at his suggestion
that Packy may have died as a result 
of the old feud of Jonas Dalmar
and Bardo Sampson with Sue's father. 
Jonas is the father of one of
Sue's suitors. Frank Dalmar and coowner 
of the Double Diamond ranch
with Sampson.
Something else gave Asbell himself
reason for anger. On his going to Doc
Jerome to report Packy's death, he
found the doctor with Sampson and
Dalmar. Dalmar made no pretense of
concern over happenings to either
Packy or Link, and Sage Wingo a
Double Diamond rider, challenged
Link to fight. Asbell literally had his
hands full with Sampson. Dalmar and
Wingo.
THERE was a night in the rear
of Doctor Lemuel Jerome's
cottage and when he opened the
front door and ushered Link Asbell 
in, a woman's serene, cheerful 
voice called forward.
"Lemuel?"
"Yes. Addie."
"You're not alone. Do you need
me?"
Doc, having set a lamp alight,
glanced at Link Asbell and
chuckled as he answered.
"Only if you think a cup of
hot coffee might be good for the
beginnings of a first-class black
eye."
"Lemuel Jerome—what are you
talking about?"
She came along a short hall
and turned into the office, a tall,
strong woman, sweet faced, kindly, 
and with snowy hair. At sight
of Asbell, she exclaimed.
"Link! Don't tell me that old
steady you have been brawling?"
Doc chuckled again.
"I doubt that brawl is exactly
the right word, my dear. Something 
considerably stronger
would be nearer the truth. I
never saw certain dignities so
upset—literally! Link, you grab
a chair. I'm putting some compresses 
on that eye, else it may
swell shut on you. And, Addie—
the idea of some coffee still
goes."
"I don't want to cause any
bother, Doc," Asbell protested.
"What I got to say won't take
long."
Doc waved a commanding
hand.
"Never argue with a medical
man when his professional instincts 
are aroused. That eye
needs care and is going to get it.
Sit down!"
The chair, decided Asbell, after
taking it, was very welcome. Reaction 
dad set in and it was good
to get off hi feet, to relax and
let the combative tautnes: leak
out of his muscles.
After several compresses plus
a steaming cup of coffee,. Doc
was ready to consider other business. 
He pulled a chair up beside 
Asbell.
"All right, boy—let's have it,
What's bothering you?'
Listening intently. Doc's casual
attitude faded as he heard Asbell
through.
"You make it pretty plain,
Link, that you feel it was more
than a thing of accidental
chance."
"I can't help but feel that way,
Doc," Asbell vowed.
Doc considered soberly. "It's
the fact that he was lying on the
bunk that you can't accept?"
"Along with certain others,"
Asbell nodded. "And sundown
was when Packy ate supper, not
when he went to bed."
"All that could be very true,"
Doc admitted. "But let's not forget 
that Packy was getting along
in years. He could have taken
sick, and so sought his bunk
much earlier in the day than
usual."
"And then set things afire?"
"If he'd been smoking, yes."
"Somehow I don't feel the real
answer is in any of such," said
Asbell. "And there are still other
angles."
Doc shrugged.
"I won't say you're wrong,
Link. For there are times when
a man's instincts in such things
are entirely reliable, So I'll go
along with you. In the morning
I'll drive as far as the mouth of
Rosebud Canyon and meet you
there."
"Thanks, Doc." Asbell got to
his feet. "I'll bring along an extra 
saddle bronc for you. Around
eight o'clock.?"
"Eight o'clock it is," Doc
promised.
It was after midnight when
Link Asbell left town. Well toward 
home, shortly after crossing
Burro Wash, he began meeting
rigs along the road and he swung
wide into the plain's deep dark to
let them pass.
One of them left the smoke of
Charley Tunnison's aromatic
cigar, hanging in the chilling air.
From another echoed the rich
rumble of Nes Madison's growling 
laughter. Then too, a couple
of saddle mounts went by, one at
a brisk jog, one at a lope.
With such evidence that the
social affair at Big Five had
broken up, Asbell, on reaching
headquarters, knew speculation
at the light still burning in the
ranch office, which was a center
room in the east wing of the
ranchhouse.
Unsaddling and putting his
horse away, he crossed to the
office, opened the door and
Stepped quietly through.
Curled up in an old easy chair
and half asleep was Sue Vincent.
She was swathed to the chin in
the folds of a blue woolen robe
and sat with her feet tucked under 
her. She had let her hair

down and brushed it until it reflected 
soft glints in the lamplight. 
As much as anything, she
looked like a sleepy, somewhat
tousled child.
At Asbell's' entrance she
blinked, yawned, and surveyed
him in drowsy silence until he
moved close enough to the light
to disclose his bruised cheek and
the darkening area around his
left eye. This brought her up
straight.
"Link! You've been fighting!"
He considered her for a grave
moment. "That's right."
"Who with?"
"Sage Wingo."
"Sage Wingo! Why?"
He did not immediately reply,
but pulled a chair up to the table
and settled into it. He thumbed
tobacco and papers from a shirt
pocket and built a cigarette
which turned out to be anything
but a good one, for there-was a
soreness in his knuckles and a
stiffness in his fingers which
made them clumsy and fumbling.
He must, he decided wryly, have
hit Wingo narder than he realized. 

Cigarette finally, alight, he
looked through the smoke at Sue
Vincent.
"You should be in bed. Whyaren't 
you?"
"I knew; I wouldn't be able to
sleep. I keep thinking about
Packy Lane. Why did you fight
with Sage Wingo?"
"Put it down that I never have
cared for him."
"That won't do," she said flatly. 
"You're not the sort to get in
a violent fight with somebody
just because you don't happen to
like them. What's the real reason?" 

Again he peered at her through
the blue, sifting smoke, silent for
another short moment. He nodded. 

"All right. I was looking for
Doc Jerome. I found him in the
Imperial with Whit Henderson.
Jonas Dalmar and Bardo Sampson 
and Sage Wingo were there,
too. There was some talk. One
word led to another until—well
—that's it"
"You make it sound very simple 
and matter-of-fact. Which of
course it isn't Sage Wingo is
riding boss for Dalma. & Sampson. 
If he fought with you while
they were present, then it must
have been with their consent."
Asbell's smile was faint and
mirthless.
"I think you could call it so."
"I don't like it, Link." she said.
"No, I don't like it at all!" I want
nothing to Happen that could stir
up the old hates, the old quarrels.
I saw enough of that sort of
thing while father was alive."
Asbell shrugged
"I don't want trouble, either—
not if it's at all possible to get by
without acting like a damned
scared coyote. But when the
other fellow deliberately throws
the rawhide at you what are you
going to do about it?"

© By Matt Stuart 1959: from the Dodd, Mend & Co. novel: distributed by King Features Syndicate.

CHAPTER 5
By MATT STUART
© By Matt Stuart, 1959: from the Dodd, Mead & Co. novel:
distributed by King Features Syndicate.
The only girl who ever stirred Link
Asbell has become a worry to him.
Her father's death left Sue Vincent
with the responsibility of maintaining
the Big Five ranch against rivals and
outlaws. She has given her attention
to little except a round of gala
parties. As foreman of the ranch. Asbell 
has had to make all the decisions
and face all the problems alone.
In making the rounds of line camps
on the Big Five. Asbell found a cabin
burned to the ground, and its sole
occupant. Packy Lane dead in his
bunk. Convinced it was a case of murder. 
Link rode to Big Five headquarters 
to inform Sue He had difficulty
wresting her away from a noisy
party
She was angry at his suggestion
that Packy may have died as a result 
of the old feud of Jonas Dalmar
and Bardo Sampson with Sue's father. 
Jonas is the father of one of
Sue's suitors. Frank Dalmar and coowner 
of the Double Diamond ranch
with Sampson.
Something else gave Asbell himself
reason for anger. On his going to Doc
Jerome to report Packy's death, he
found the doctor with Sampson and
Dalmar. Dalmar made no pretense of
concern over happenings to either
Packy or Link, and Sage Wingo a
Double Diamond rider, challenged
Link to fight. Asbell literally had his
hands full with Sampson. Dalmar and
Wingo.
THERE was a night in the rear
of Doctor Lemuel Jerome's
cottage and when he opened the
front door and ushered Link Asbell 
in, a woman's serene, cheerful 
voice called forward.
"Lemuel?"
"Yes. Addie."
"You're not alone. Do you need
me?"
Doc, having set a lamp alight,
glanced at Link Asbell and
chuckled as he answered.
"Only if you think a cup of
hot coffee might be good for the
beginnings of a first-class black
eye."
"Lemuel Jerome—what are you
talking about?"
She came along a short hall
and turned into the office, a tall,
strong woman, sweet faced, kindly, 
and with snowy hair. At sight
of Asbell, she exclaimed.
"Link! Don't tell me that old
steady you have been brawling?"
Doc chuckled again.
"I doubt that brawl is exactly
the right word, my dear. Something 
considerably stronger
would be nearer the truth. I
never saw certain dignities so
upset—literally! Link, you grab
a chair. I'm putting some compresses 
on that eye, else it may
swell shut on you. And, Addie—
the idea of some coffee still
goes."
"I don't want to cause any
bother, Doc," Asbell protested.
"What I got to say won't take
long."
Doc waved a commanding
hand.
"Never argue with a medical
man when his professional instincts 
are aroused. That eye
needs care and is going to get it.
Sit down!"
The chair, decided Asbell, after
taking it, was very welcome. Reaction 
dad set in and it was good
to get off hi feet, to relax and
let the combative tautnes: leak
out of his muscles.
After several compresses plus
a steaming cup of coffee,. Doc
was ready to consider other business. 
He pulled a chair up beside 
Asbell.
"All right, boy—let's have it,
What's bothering you?'
Listening intently. Doc's casual
attitude faded as he heard Asbell
through.
"You make it pretty plain,
Link, that you feel it was more
than a thing of accidental
chance."
"I can't help but feel that way,
Doc," Asbell vowed.
Doc considered soberly. "It's
the fact that he was lying on the
bunk that you can't accept?"
"Along with certain others,"
Asbell nodded. "And sundown
was when Packy ate supper, not
when he went to bed."
"All that could be very true,"
Doc admitted. "But let's not forget 
that Packy was getting along
in years. He could have taken
sick, and so sought his bunk
much earlier in the day than
usual."
"And then set things afire?"
"If he'd been smoking, yes."
"Somehow I don't feel the real
answer is in any of such," said
Asbell. "And there are still other
angles."
Doc shrugged.
"I won't say you're wrong,
Link. For there are times when
a man's instincts in such things
are entirely reliable, So I'll go
along with you. In the morning
I'll drive as far as the mouth of
Rosebud Canyon and meet you
there."
"Thanks, Doc." Asbell got to
his feet. "I'll bring along an extra 
saddle bronc for you. Around
eight o'clock.?"
"Eight o'clock it is," Doc
promised.
It was after midnight when
Link Asbell left town. Well toward 
home, shortly after crossing
Burro Wash, he began meeting
rigs along the road and he swung
wide into the plain's deep dark to
let them pass.
One of them left the smoke of
Charley Tunnison's aromatic
cigar, hanging in the chilling air.
From another echoed the rich
rumble of Nes Madison's growling 
laughter. Then too, a couple
of saddle mounts went by, one at
a brisk jog, one at a lope.
With such evidence that the
social affair at Big Five had
broken up, Asbell, on reaching
headquarters, knew speculation
at the light still burning in the
ranch office, which was a center
room in the east wing of the
ranchhouse.
Unsaddling and putting his
horse away, he crossed to the
office, opened the door and
Stepped quietly through.
Curled up in an old easy chair
and half asleep was Sue Vincent.
She was swathed to the chin in
the folds of a blue woolen robe
and sat with her feet tucked under 
her. She had let her hair

down and brushed it until it reflected 
soft glints in the lamplight. 
As much as anything, she
looked like a sleepy, somewhat
tousled child.
At Asbell's' entrance she
blinked, yawned, and surveyed
him in drowsy silence until he
moved close enough to the light
to disclose his bruised cheek and
the darkening area around his
left eye. This brought her up
straight.
"Link! You've been fighting!"
He considered her for a grave
moment. "That's right."
"Who with?"
"Sage Wingo."
"Sage Wingo! Why?"
He did not immediately reply,
but pulled a chair up to the table
and settled into it. He thumbed
tobacco and papers from a shirt
pocket and built a cigarette
which turned out to be anything
but a good one, for there-was a
soreness in his knuckles and a
stiffness in his fingers which
made them clumsy and fumbling.
He must, he decided wryly, have
hit Wingo narder than he realized. 

Cigarette finally, alight, he
looked through the smoke at Sue
Vincent.
"You should be in bed. Whyaren't 
you?"
"I knew; I wouldn't be able to
sleep. I keep thinking about
Packy Lane. Why did you fight
with Sage Wingo?"
"Put it down that I never have
cared for him."
"That won't do," she said flatly. 
"You're not the sort to get in
a violent fight with somebody
just because you don't happen to
like them. What's the real reason?" 

Again he peered at her through
the blue, sifting smoke, silent for
another short moment. He nodded. 

"All right. I was looking for
Doc Jerome. I found him in the
Imperial with Whit Henderson.
Jonas Dalmar and Bardo Sampson 
and Sage Wingo were there,
too. There was some talk. One
word led to another until—well
—that's it"
"You make it sound very simple 
and matter-of-fact. Which of
course it isn't Sage Wingo is
riding boss for Dalma. & Sampson. 
If he fought with you while
they were present, then it must
have been with their consent."
Asbell's smile was faint and
mirthless.
"I think you could call it so."
"I don't like it, Link." she said.
"No, I don't like it at all!" I want
nothing to Happen that could stir
up the old hates, the old quarrels.
I saw enough of that sort of
thing while father was alive."
Asbell shrugged
"I don't want trouble, either—
not if it's at all possible to get by
without acting like a damned
scared coyote. But when the
other fellow deliberately throws
the rawhide at you what are you
going to do about it?"

© By Matt Stuart 1959: from the Dodd, Mend & Co. novel: distributed by King Features Syndicate.

Hunt Addresses

the responsibilities of marriage,
parenthood and family living.
Courses in family living can be
provided. Teenagers should have
available an abundance of wholesome 
literature relating to love,
marriage and family living. The
church should assume the responsibility 
for making practical Christianity 
in every day living.
One of the tests of a good place
to live is in the community's attitude 
toward its children and youth
and the resources available for
meeting their needs. We believe
that the factors affecting the lives
of our children are on the whole
conductive to effective growth and
development. However, there are,
as in most areas, influences which
we believe hinder the normal development 
of our younger citizens.
It is the purpose of this report
to identify only' a few of these
factors and to indicate, possible
methods of alleviating their adverse 
influences.
Perhaps the rapid growth in
population should be first mentioned. 
From 1950 to 1957 the population 
increased. 92,550. Of this increase. 
27,756 were non-white. During 
this period the white increased
23.4 percent and the Negro 18.9
percent.
The special census did not include 
the county. The Bartholomew 
report on population prepared
for the Board of Commissioners in
1955 gives the total population of
the county outside of Memphis as
108,312. In 1956 there were in the
county, outside Memphis 7,748 Negro 
male youth and 8,542 female
Negro youth between the ages of
12 and, 17 years. In '58 the city reported 
15,692 Negro youth between
the ages of 10 and 14 years.
The distribution pattern of population 
is even more significant than
its rapid growth. There has been a
heavy concentration in or near the
business district of the central city,
a thinning of population at the
edges of the city, and finally, a
scattering of the population in the
rural part of the county.
At the present time, movement is
occuring from the inner city to the
outer areas and into the county.
The Bartholomew report predicts
that in the next 25 years the city
is expected to double in size, and
almost half of this population increase 
will be in what is now county 
territory.
The movement of families with
children presents particular problems 
for planning. As families move,
resources frequently do not move
with them. Therefore, there are new
communities in the county and
outer-lying areas of the city which

do not have parks, playgrounds,
and other necessary services.
The lack of a county recreation
commission which would provide
the necessary park and playground
leadership and equipment has
meant improverished recreational
opportunities for these children and
youth. While the county Board of
Education has attempted to fill this
gap, the task is too great for complete 
coverage of the county.
This growth of population within 
the city and the county and the
shifting of population within the
larger community presents, pressures 
for the citizens, the schools
become crowded, new churches are
needed, civic life demands organization, 
leadership has to be found,
and most of all children become
lonely. Uprooted from their friends,
the adjustment to new situations
frequently brings a sense of detachment 
rather than belonging so
necessary for growth and development 
of our children and youth.
A report from the Juvenile Court
for 1957 on delinquent, complaints
revealed that a total of 3,404 cases
were handled in the city of Memphis. 
This count did not include
traffic cases. They totaled 1,985.
The report showed that unruly
conduct rated highest among all
complaints handled — 780 — 421
white boys; 57 white girls; 381 Negro 
boys and 101 Negro girls.
More girls were handled for sex
offenses than boys. The number of
cases, reported for white girls was
53. Negro girls 45; white boys 38
and Negro boys 29.
Truancy, gambling, fighting, injury 
to persons and carrying dangerous 
weapons appeared more frequently 
among Negro boys than
Negro girls or white boys or girls.
Delinquency is believed to be
lower in Memphis and Shelby
County than in most cities and
counties comparable in size. However, 
it is regrettable that it is
greater among Negro than white
youth. This is no doubt due to
many factors: insufficient income,
lack of sufficient personnel working 
with youth, inadequate facilities, 
and the many limitations imposed 
by the community on the
Negro group.
Illegitimacy is extremely high
among female Negroes. A report
ascertained from the Shelby County 
Health Department reflects an
increase in the trend.
In 1955 there were 138 white illegitimate 
live births and 2,282 illegitimate 
Negro live births. The rate
of whites, per 1000 live births was
14.7 while the rate of Negroes was
279.0 per 1000.
In 1958, three years later, the
total white illegitimate live births
was 189, and the total illegitimate
Negro births was 2,137. The rate
of whites per 1000 live births was
20.7 while the rate of Negroes per

1000 live births was 287.
Neglect, desertion, illegitimacy
and delinquency are greater with
Negroes than with white. This situation 
must be corrected. The total
community must bear the responsibility. 
Many things can be done
such as: more social workers provided, 
case loads reduced, the development 
of an adequate public
assistance program, day care, centers 
for children, homemakers' services, 
and more family life education. 
These needs as well as many
others, require additional funds.
This can be done only by increased 
taxation.
In recent years many changes
have been made in public school
education, it is the belief of this
committee that the recommendations 
outlined in the Peabody report 
be followed. Many of the recommendations 
have been carried
out, but still there is much to be
done which demands the participation 
of the total community.
From a study of 234 Negro youths
of the Booker T. Washington High
School area; it was found that the
desire for summer employment is
great but the opportunities are
limted. Of 43 ninth grade boys, 15
years of age or over, one in three
reported holding some sort of job;
these appeared to be part-time. Of
50 girls reporting, one worked all
summer. At the 12th grade level,
there were still only a minority of
girls working — only one in seven
listed ful-time work outside the
home — four listed part-time. While
one-half to two-thirds of the 12th
grade boys reported they were
working; the desire for more summer 
jobs was evident. Nine of the
youngsters said when asked what
they wanted most to do, "work,
even without pay."
(Children and youth are assisted 
or deterred in achieving individual 
fulfillment by the social,
cultural, and economic resources
within their community.)
A partial, list includes:
Individual and counseling services 
to families and children —
Department of Public Welfare,
Children's Bureau, Family Service,
Juvenile Court, Youth Service,
Traveler's Aid Society.
Institutional Care — Goodwill
Homes.
Group work and recreational services 
— YMCA, YWCA. Girl Scouts,
Boy Scouts, a Salvation Army Unit,
Public Recreation.
Schools and one Library Unit —
a school safety education program.
public-and school health services

and facilities.
Job opportunities and placement
— Urban League and Employment
Security Office.
Religious organizations.
Since the purpose of the 1960
conference (White House) is to
promote opportunities for children
and youth to realize their full
potential for a creative life in freedom 
and dignity then the above
mentioned available resources need
to be extended, enlarged, and improved. 
Home for unmarried Negro
mothers. Facilities for emotionally
disturbed.
Tax supported cultural, civic, recreational 
and educational facilities 
should be made available to
all segments of the total population 
so that children and youth
can realize their full potential for
a creative life in freedom and dignity 
in the county in which they
live. This is not being done. The
Negro population is excluded from
many tax supported services.
The county can take the lead in
creating the proper climate for the
people (all the people) in order
that our children and youth (Negro) 
will have greater or equal opportunities 
in the future than they
have had in the past.
To be left out — not admitted
because of color has a damaging
psychological effect on our children 
and youth as well as it poses
a serious educational handicap to
our children. To have a feeling of
"not belonging" is a serious deterrent. 

These resources should be financed 
by City and County tax funds,
with appropriate help from Shelby
United Neighbors and local organizations. 

Existing agencies can be encouraged 
to re-design their services and
agencies to meet the changing
needs of the children and youth of
the community by including on their
boards, committees, etc., representatives 
of the not included group —
the Negro group — not as sitters in
but as participating, contributing,
members of the whole group. A
second important factor is for
Board and Administration Bodies
to be willing to change to meet
changing needs.
Until unanimity of the people
(all the people) of the city and
county is reached, the purpose of
the 1960 White House Conference
which is "to promote opportunities
for children and youth to realize
their full potential for creative "life
in freedom and dignity" will not
be met.

THE EFFECTS OF THE RAPID
CHANCE OF YOUTH

the responsibilities of marriage,
parenthood and family living.
Courses in family living can be
provided. Teenagers should have
available an abundance of wholesome 
literature relating to love,
marriage and family living. The
church should assume the responsibility 
for making practical Christianity 
in every day living.
One of the tests of a good place
to live is in the community's attitude 
toward its children and youth
and the resources available for
meeting their needs. We believe
that the factors affecting the lives
of our children are on the whole
conductive to effective growth and
development. However, there are,
as in most areas, influences which
we believe hinder the normal development 
of our younger citizens.
It is the purpose of this report
to identify only' a few of these
factors and to indicate, possible
methods of alleviating their adverse 
influences.
Perhaps the rapid growth in
population should be first mentioned. 
From 1950 to 1957 the population 
increased. 92,550. Of this increase. 
27,756 were non-white. During 
this period the white increased
23.4 percent and the Negro 18.9
percent.
The special census did not include 
the county. The Bartholomew 
report on population prepared
for the Board of Commissioners in
1955 gives the total population of
the county outside of Memphis as
108,312. In 1956 there were in the
county, outside Memphis 7,748 Negro 
male youth and 8,542 female
Negro youth between the ages of
12 and, 17 years. In '58 the city reported 
15,692 Negro youth between
the ages of 10 and 14 years.
The distribution pattern of population 
is even more significant than
its rapid growth. There has been a
heavy concentration in or near the
business district of the central city,
a thinning of population at the
edges of the city, and finally, a
scattering of the population in the
rural part of the county.
At the present time, movement is
occuring from the inner city to the
outer areas and into the county.
The Bartholomew report predicts
that in the next 25 years the city
is expected to double in size, and
almost half of this population increase 
will be in what is now county 
territory.
The movement of families with
children presents particular problems 
for planning. As families move,
resources frequently do not move
with them. Therefore, there are new
communities in the county and
outer-lying areas of the city which

do not have parks, playgrounds,
and other necessary services.
The lack of a county recreation
commission which would provide
the necessary park and playground
leadership and equipment has
meant improverished recreational
opportunities for these children and
youth. While the county Board of
Education has attempted to fill this
gap, the task is too great for complete 
coverage of the county.
This growth of population within 
the city and the county and the
shifting of population within the
larger community presents, pressures 
for the citizens, the schools
become crowded, new churches are
needed, civic life demands organization, 
leadership has to be found,
and most of all children become
lonely. Uprooted from their friends,
the adjustment to new situations
frequently brings a sense of detachment 
rather than belonging so
necessary for growth and development 
of our children and youth.
A report from the Juvenile Court
for 1957 on delinquent, complaints
revealed that a total of 3,404 cases
were handled in the city of Memphis. 
This count did not include
traffic cases. They totaled 1,985.
The report showed that unruly
conduct rated highest among all
complaints handled — 780 — 421
white boys; 57 white girls; 381 Negro 
boys and 101 Negro girls.
More girls were handled for sex
offenses than boys. The number of
cases, reported for white girls was
53. Negro girls 45; white boys 38
and Negro boys 29.
Truancy, gambling, fighting, injury 
to persons and carrying dangerous 
weapons appeared more frequently 
among Negro boys than
Negro girls or white boys or girls.
Delinquency is believed to be
lower in Memphis and Shelby
County than in most cities and
counties comparable in size. However, 
it is regrettable that it is
greater among Negro than white
youth. This is no doubt due to
many factors: insufficient income,
lack of sufficient personnel working 
with youth, inadequate facilities, 
and the many limitations imposed 
by the community on the
Negro group.
Illegitimacy is extremely high
among female Negroes. A report
ascertained from the Shelby County 
Health Department reflects an
increase in the trend.
In 1955 there were 138 white illegitimate 
live births and 2,282 illegitimate 
Negro live births. The rate
of whites, per 1000 live births was
14.7 while the rate of Negroes was
279.0 per 1000.
In 1958, three years later, the
total white illegitimate live births
was 189, and the total illegitimate
Negro births was 2,137. The rate
of whites per 1000 live births was
20.7 while the rate of Negroes per

1000 live births was 287.
Neglect, desertion, illegitimacy
and delinquency are greater with
Negroes than with white. This situation 
must be corrected. The total
community must bear the responsibility. 
Many things can be done
such as: more social workers provided, 
case loads reduced, the development 
of an adequate public
assistance program, day care, centers 
for children, homemakers' services, 
and more family life education. 
These needs as well as many
others, require additional funds.
This can be done only by increased 
taxation.
In recent years many changes
have been made in public school
education, it is the belief of this
committee that the recommendations 
outlined in the Peabody report 
be followed. Many of the recommendations 
have been carried
out, but still there is much to be
done which demands the participation 
of the total community.
From a study of 234 Negro youths
of the Booker T. Washington High
School area; it was found that the
desire for summer employment is
great but the opportunities are
limted. Of 43 ninth grade boys, 15
years of age or over, one in three
reported holding some sort of job;
these appeared to be part-time. Of
50 girls reporting, one worked all
summer. At the 12th grade level,
there were still only a minority of
girls working — only one in seven
listed ful-time work outside the
home — four listed part-time. While
one-half to two-thirds of the 12th
grade boys reported they were
working; the desire for more summer 
jobs was evident. Nine of the
youngsters said when asked what
they wanted most to do, "work,
even without pay."
(Children and youth are assisted 
or deterred in achieving individual 
fulfillment by the social,
cultural, and economic resources
within their community.)
A partial, list includes:
Individual and counseling services 
to families and children —
Department of Public Welfare,
Children's Bureau, Family Service,
Juvenile Court, Youth Service,
Traveler's Aid Society.
Institutional Care — Goodwill
Homes.
Group work and recreational services 
— YMCA, YWCA. Girl Scouts,
Boy Scouts, a Salvation Army Unit,
Public Recreation.
Schools and one Library Unit —
a school safety education program.
public-and school health services

and facilities.
Job opportunities and placement
— Urban League and Employment
Security Office.
Religious organizations.
Since the purpose of the 1960
conference (White House) is to
promote opportunities for children
and youth to realize their full
potential for a creative life in freedom 
and dignity then the above
mentioned available resources need
to be extended, enlarged, and improved. 
Home for unmarried Negro
mothers. Facilities for emotionally
disturbed.
Tax supported cultural, civic, recreational 
and educational facilities 
should be made available to
all segments of the total population 
so that children and youth
can realize their full potential for
a creative life in freedom and dignity 
in the county in which they
live. This is not being done. The
Negro population is excluded from
many tax supported services.
The county can take the lead in
creating the proper climate for the
people (all the people) in order
that our children and youth (Negro) 
will have greater or equal opportunities 
in the future than they
have had in the past.
To be left out — not admitted
because of color has a damaging
psychological effect on our children 
and youth as well as it poses
a serious educational handicap to
our children. To have a feeling of
"not belonging" is a serious deterrent. 

These resources should be financed 
by City and County tax funds,
with appropriate help from Shelby
United Neighbors and local organizations. 

Existing agencies can be encouraged 
to re-design their services and
agencies to meet the changing
needs of the children and youth of
the community by including on their
boards, committees, etc., representatives 
of the not included group —
the Negro group — not as sitters in
but as participating, contributing,
members of the whole group. A
second important factor is for
Board and Administration Bodies
to be willing to change to meet
changing needs.
Until unanimity of the people
(all the people) of the city and
county is reached, the purpose of
the 1960 White House Conference
which is "to promote opportunities
for children and youth to realize
their full potential for creative "life
in freedom and dignity" will not
be met.

POPULATION GROWTH

the responsibilities of marriage,
parenthood and family living.
Courses in family living can be
provided. Teenagers should have
available an abundance of wholesome 
literature relating to love,
marriage and family living. The
church should assume the responsibility 
for making practical Christianity 
in every day living.
One of the tests of a good place
to live is in the community's attitude 
toward its children and youth
and the resources available for
meeting their needs. We believe
that the factors affecting the lives
of our children are on the whole
conductive to effective growth and
development. However, there are,
as in most areas, influences which
we believe hinder the normal development 
of our younger citizens.
It is the purpose of this report
to identify only' a few of these
factors and to indicate, possible
methods of alleviating their adverse 
influences.
Perhaps the rapid growth in
population should be first mentioned. 
From 1950 to 1957 the population 
increased. 92,550. Of this increase. 
27,756 were non-white. During 
this period the white increased
23.4 percent and the Negro 18.9
percent.
The special census did not include 
the county. The Bartholomew 
report on population prepared
for the Board of Commissioners in
1955 gives the total population of
the county outside of Memphis as
108,312. In 1956 there were in the
county, outside Memphis 7,748 Negro 
male youth and 8,542 female
Negro youth between the ages of
12 and, 17 years. In '58 the city reported 
15,692 Negro youth between
the ages of 10 and 14 years.
The distribution pattern of population 
is even more significant than
its rapid growth. There has been a
heavy concentration in or near the
business district of the central city,
a thinning of population at the
edges of the city, and finally, a
scattering of the population in the
rural part of the county.
At the present time, movement is
occuring from the inner city to the
outer areas and into the county.
The Bartholomew report predicts
that in the next 25 years the city
is expected to double in size, and
almost half of this population increase 
will be in what is now county 
territory.
The movement of families with
children presents particular problems 
for planning. As families move,
resources frequently do not move
with them. Therefore, there are new
communities in the county and
outer-lying areas of the city which

do not have parks, playgrounds,
and other necessary services.
The lack of a county recreation
commission which would provide
the necessary park and playground
leadership and equipment has
meant improverished recreational
opportunities for these children and
youth. While the county Board of
Education has attempted to fill this
gap, the task is too great for complete 
coverage of the county.
This growth of population within 
the city and the county and the
shifting of population within the
larger community presents, pressures 
for the citizens, the schools
become crowded, new churches are
needed, civic life demands organization, 
leadership has to be found,
and most of all children become
lonely. Uprooted from their friends,
the adjustment to new situations
frequently brings a sense of detachment 
rather than belonging so
necessary for growth and development 
of our children and youth.
A report from the Juvenile Court
for 1957 on delinquent, complaints
revealed that a total of 3,404 cases
were handled in the city of Memphis. 
This count did not include
traffic cases. They totaled 1,985.
The report showed that unruly
conduct rated highest among all
complaints handled — 780 — 421
white boys; 57 white girls; 381 Negro 
boys and 101 Negro girls.
More girls were handled for sex
offenses than boys. The number of
cases, reported for white girls was
53. Negro girls 45; white boys 38
and Negro boys 29.
Truancy, gambling, fighting, injury 
to persons and carrying dangerous 
weapons appeared more frequently 
among Negro boys than
Negro girls or white boys or girls.
Delinquency is believed to be
lower in Memphis and Shelby
County than in most cities and
counties comparable in size. However, 
it is regrettable that it is
greater among Negro than white
youth. This is no doubt due to
many factors: insufficient income,
lack of sufficient personnel working 
with youth, inadequate facilities, 
and the many limitations imposed 
by the community on the
Negro group.
Illegitimacy is extremely high
among female Negroes. A report
ascertained from the Shelby County 
Health Department reflects an
increase in the trend.
In 1955 there were 138 white illegitimate 
live births and 2,282 illegitimate 
Negro live births. The rate
of whites, per 1000 live births was
14.7 while the rate of Negroes was
279.0 per 1000.
In 1958, three years later, the
total white illegitimate live births
was 189, and the total illegitimate
Negro births was 2,137. The rate
of whites per 1000 live births was
20.7 while the rate of Negroes per

1000 live births was 287.
Neglect, desertion, illegitimacy
and delinquency are greater with
Negroes than with white. This situation 
must be corrected. The total
community must bear the responsibility. 
Many things can be done
such as: more social workers provided, 
case loads reduced, the development 
of an adequate public
assistance program, day care, centers 
for children, homemakers' services, 
and more family life education. 
These needs as well as many
others, require additional funds.
This can be done only by increased 
taxation.
In recent years many changes
have been made in public school
education, it is the belief of this
committee that the recommendations 
outlined in the Peabody report 
be followed. Many of the recommendations 
have been carried
out, but still there is much to be
done which demands the participation 
of the total community.
From a study of 234 Negro youths
of the Booker T. Washington High
School area; it was found that the
desire for summer employment is
great but the opportunities are
limted. Of 43 ninth grade boys, 15
years of age or over, one in three
reported holding some sort of job;
these appeared to be part-time. Of
50 girls reporting, one worked all
summer. At the 12th grade level,
there were still only a minority of
girls working — only one in seven
listed ful-time work outside the
home — four listed part-time. While
one-half to two-thirds of the 12th
grade boys reported they were
working; the desire for more summer 
jobs was evident. Nine of the
youngsters said when asked what
they wanted most to do, "work,
even without pay."
(Children and youth are assisted 
or deterred in achieving individual 
fulfillment by the social,
cultural, and economic resources
within their community.)
A partial, list includes:
Individual and counseling services 
to families and children —
Department of Public Welfare,
Children's Bureau, Family Service,
Juvenile Court, Youth Service,
Traveler's Aid Society.
Institutional Care — Goodwill
Homes.
Group work and recreational services 
— YMCA, YWCA. Girl Scouts,
Boy Scouts, a Salvation Army Unit,
Public Recreation.
Schools and one Library Unit —
a school safety education program.
public-and school health services

and facilities.
Job opportunities and placement
— Urban League and Employment
Security Office.
Religious organizations.
Since the purpose of the 1960
conference (White House) is to
promote opportunities for children
and youth to realize their full
potential for a creative life in freedom 
and dignity then the above
mentioned available resources need
to be extended, enlarged, and improved. 
Home for unmarried Negro
mothers. Facilities for emotionally
disturbed.
Tax supported cultural, civic, recreational 
and educational facilities 
should be made available to
all segments of the total population 
so that children and youth
can realize their full potential for
a creative life in freedom and dignity 
in the county in which they
live. This is not being done. The
Negro population is excluded from
many tax supported services.
The county can take the lead in
creating the proper climate for the
people (all the people) in order
that our children and youth (Negro) 
will have greater or equal opportunities 
in the future than they
have had in the past.
To be left out — not admitted
because of color has a damaging
psychological effect on our children 
and youth as well as it poses
a serious educational handicap to
our children. To have a feeling of
"not belonging" is a serious deterrent. 

These resources should be financed 
by City and County tax funds,
with appropriate help from Shelby
United Neighbors and local organizations. 

Existing agencies can be encouraged 
to re-design their services and
agencies to meet the changing
needs of the children and youth of
the community by including on their
boards, committees, etc., representatives 
of the not included group —
the Negro group — not as sitters in
but as participating, contributing,
members of the whole group. A
second important factor is for
Board and Administration Bodies
to be willing to change to meet
changing needs.
Until unanimity of the people
(all the people) of the city and
county is reached, the purpose of
the 1960 White House Conference
which is "to promote opportunities
for children and youth to realize
their full potential for creative "life
in freedom and dignity" will not
be met.

MOVEMENT OF POPULATION

the responsibilities of marriage,
parenthood and family living.
Courses in family living can be
provided. Teenagers should have
available an abundance of wholesome 
literature relating to love,
marriage and family living. The
church should assume the responsibility 
for making practical Christianity 
in every day living.
One of the tests of a good place
to live is in the community's attitude 
toward its children and youth
and the resources available for
meeting their needs. We believe
that the factors affecting the lives
of our children are on the whole
conductive to effective growth and
development. However, there are,
as in most areas, influences which
we believe hinder the normal development 
of our younger citizens.
It is the purpose of this report
to identify only' a few of these
factors and to indicate, possible
methods of alleviating their adverse 
influences.
Perhaps the rapid growth in
population should be first mentioned. 
From 1950 to 1957 the population 
increased. 92,550. Of this increase. 
27,756 were non-white. During 
this period the white increased
23.4 percent and the Negro 18.9
percent.
The special census did not include 
the county. The Bartholomew 
report on population prepared
for the Board of Commissioners in
1955 gives the total population of
the county outside of Memphis as
108,312. In 1956 there were in the
county, outside Memphis 7,748 Negro 
male youth and 8,542 female
Negro youth between the ages of
12 and, 17 years. In '58 the city reported 
15,692 Negro youth between
the ages of 10 and 14 years.
The distribution pattern of population 
is even more significant than
its rapid growth. There has been a
heavy concentration in or near the
business district of the central city,
a thinning of population at the
edges of the city, and finally, a
scattering of the population in the
rural part of the county.
At the present time, movement is
occuring from the inner city to the
outer areas and into the county.
The Bartholomew report predicts
that in the next 25 years the city
is expected to double in size, and
almost half of this population increase 
will be in what is now county 
territory.
The movement of families with
children presents particular problems 
for planning. As families move,
resources frequently do not move
with them. Therefore, there are new
communities in the county and
outer-lying areas of the city which

do not have parks, playgrounds,
and other necessary services.
The lack of a county recreation
commission which would provide
the necessary park and playground
leadership and equipment has
meant improverished recreational
opportunities for these children and
youth. While the county Board of
Education has attempted to fill this
gap, the task is too great for complete 
coverage of the county.
This growth of population within 
the city and the county and the
shifting of population within the
larger community presents, pressures 
for the citizens, the schools
become crowded, new churches are
needed, civic life demands organization, 
leadership has to be found,
and most of all children become
lonely. Uprooted from their friends,
the adjustment to new situations
frequently brings a sense of detachment 
rather than belonging so
necessary for growth and development 
of our children and youth.
A report from the Juvenile Court
for 1957 on delinquent, complaints
revealed that a total of 3,404 cases
were handled in the city of Memphis. 
This count did not include
traffic cases. They totaled 1,985.
The report showed that unruly
conduct rated highest among all
complaints handled — 780 — 421
white boys; 57 white girls; 381 Negro 
boys and 101 Negro girls.
More girls were handled for sex
offenses than boys. The number of
cases, reported for white girls was
53. Negro girls 45; white boys 38
and Negro boys 29.
Truancy, gambling, fighting, injury 
to persons and carrying dangerous 
weapons appeared more frequently 
among Negro boys than
Negro girls or white boys or girls.
Delinquency is believed to be
lower in Memphis and Shelby
County than in most cities and
counties comparable in size. However, 
it is regrettable that it is
greater among Negro than white
youth. This is no doubt due to
many factors: insufficient income,
lack of sufficient personnel working 
with youth, inadequate facilities, 
and the many limitations imposed 
by the community on the
Negro group.
Illegitimacy is extremely high
among female Negroes. A report
ascertained from the Shelby County 
Health Department reflects an
increase in the trend.
In 1955 there were 138 white illegitimate 
live births and 2,282 illegitimate 
Negro live births. The rate
of whites, per 1000 live births was
14.7 while the rate of Negroes was
279.0 per 1000.
In 1958, three years later, the
total white illegitimate live births
was 189, and the total illegitimate
Negro births was 2,137. The rate
of whites per 1000 live births was
20.7 while the rate of Negroes per

1000 live births was 287.
Neglect, desertion, illegitimacy
and delinquency are greater with
Negroes than with white. This situation 
must be corrected. The total
community must bear the responsibility. 
Many things can be done
such as: more social workers provided, 
case loads reduced, the development 
of an adequate public
assistance program, day care, centers 
for children, homemakers' services, 
and more family life education. 
These needs as well as many
others, require additional funds.
This can be done only by increased 
taxation.
In recent years many changes
have been made in public school
education, it is the belief of this
committee that the recommendations 
outlined in the Peabody report 
be followed. Many of the recommendations 
have been carried
out, but still there is much to be
done which demands the participation 
of the total community.
From a study of 234 Negro youths
of the Booker T. Washington High
School area; it was found that the
desire for summer employment is
great but the opportunities are
limted. Of 43 ninth grade boys, 15
years of age or over, one in three
reported holding some sort of job;
these appeared to be part-time. Of
50 girls reporting, one worked all
summer. At the 12th grade level,
there were still only a minority of
girls working — only one in seven
listed ful-time work outside the
home — four listed part-time. While
one-half to two-thirds of the 12th
grade boys reported they were
working; the desire for more summer 
jobs was evident. Nine of the
youngsters said when asked what
they wanted most to do, "work,
even without pay."
(Children and youth are assisted 
or deterred in achieving individual 
fulfillment by the social,
cultural, and economic resources
within their community.)
A partial, list includes:
Individual and counseling services 
to families and children —
Department of Public Welfare,
Children's Bureau, Family Service,
Juvenile Court, Youth Service,
Traveler's Aid Society.
Institutional Care — Goodwill
Homes.
Group work and recreational services 
— YMCA, YWCA. Girl Scouts,
Boy Scouts, a Salvation Army Unit,
Public Recreation.
Schools and one Library Unit —
a school safety education program.
public-and school health services

and facilities.
Job opportunities and placement
— Urban League and Employment
Security Office.
Religious organizations.
Since the purpose of the 1960
conference (White House) is to
promote opportunities for children
and youth to realize their full
potential for a creative life in freedom 
and dignity then the above
mentioned available resources need
to be extended, enlarged, and improved. 
Home for unmarried Negro
mothers. Facilities for emotionally
disturbed.
Tax supported cultural, civic, recreational 
and educational facilities 
should be made available to
all segments of the total population 
so that children and youth
can realize their full potential for
a creative life in freedom and dignity 
in the county in which they
live. This is not being done. The
Negro population is excluded from
many tax supported services.
The county can take the lead in
creating the proper climate for the
people (all the people) in order
that our children and youth (Negro) 
will have greater or equal opportunities 
in the future than they
have had in the past.
To be left out — not admitted
because of color has a damaging
psychological effect on our children 
and youth as well as it poses
a serious educational handicap to
our children. To have a feeling of
"not belonging" is a serious deterrent. 

These resources should be financed 
by City and County tax funds,
with appropriate help from Shelby
United Neighbors and local organizations. 

Existing agencies can be encouraged 
to re-design their services and
agencies to meet the changing
needs of the children and youth of
the community by including on their
boards, committees, etc., representatives 
of the not included group —
the Negro group — not as sitters in
but as participating, contributing,
members of the whole group. A
second important factor is for
Board and Administration Bodies
to be willing to change to meet
changing needs.
Until unanimity of the people
(all the people) of the city and
county is reached, the purpose of
the 1960 White House Conference
which is "to promote opportunities
for children and youth to realize
their full potential for creative "life
in freedom and dignity" will not
be met.

DELINQUENCY

the responsibilities of marriage,
parenthood and family living.
Courses in family living can be
provided. Teenagers should have
available an abundance of wholesome 
literature relating to love,
marriage and family living. The
church should assume the responsibility 
for making practical Christianity 
in every day living.
One of the tests of a good place
to live is in the community's attitude 
toward its children and youth
and the resources available for
meeting their needs. We believe
that the factors affecting the lives
of our children are on the whole
conductive to effective growth and
development. However, there are,
as in most areas, influences which
we believe hinder the normal development 
of our younger citizens.
It is the purpose of this report
to identify only' a few of these
factors and to indicate, possible
methods of alleviating their adverse 
influences.
Perhaps the rapid growth in
population should be first mentioned. 
From 1950 to 1957 the population 
increased. 92,550. Of this increase. 
27,756 were non-white. During 
this period the white increased
23.4 percent and the Negro 18.9
percent.
The special census did not include 
the county. The Bartholomew 
report on population prepared
for the Board of Commissioners in
1955 gives the total population of
the county outside of Memphis as
108,312. In 1956 there were in the
county, outside Memphis 7,748 Negro 
male youth and 8,542 female
Negro youth between the ages of
12 and, 17 years. In '58 the city reported 
15,692 Negro youth between
the ages of 10 and 14 years.
The distribution pattern of population 
is even more significant than
its rapid growth. There has been a
heavy concentration in or near the
business district of the central city,
a thinning of population at the
edges of the city, and finally, a
scattering of the population in the
rural part of the county.
At the present time, movement is
occuring from the inner city to the
outer areas and into the county.
The Bartholomew report predicts
that in the next 25 years the city
is expected to double in size, and
almost half of this population increase 
will be in what is now county 
territory.
The movement of families with
children presents particular problems 
for planning. As families move,
resources frequently do not move
with them. Therefore, there are new
communities in the county and
outer-lying areas of the city which

do not have parks, playgrounds,
and other necessary services.
The lack of a county recreation
commission which would provide
the necessary park and playground
leadership and equipment has
meant improverished recreational
opportunities for these children and
youth. While the county Board of
Education has attempted to fill this
gap, the task is too great for complete 
coverage of the county.
This growth of population within 
the city and the county and the
shifting of population within the
larger community presents, pressures 
for the citizens, the schools
become crowded, new churches are
needed, civic life demands organization, 
leadership has to be found,
and most of all children become
lonely. Uprooted from their friends,
the adjustment to new situations
frequently brings a sense of detachment 
rather than belonging so
necessary for growth and development 
of our children and youth.
A report from the Juvenile Court
for 1957 on delinquent, complaints
revealed that a total of 3,404 cases
were handled in the city of Memphis. 
This count did not include
traffic cases. They totaled 1,985.
The report showed that unruly
conduct rated highest among all
complaints handled — 780 — 421
white boys; 57 white girls; 381 Negro 
boys and 101 Negro girls.
More girls were handled for sex
offenses than boys. The number of
cases, reported for white girls was
53. Negro girls 45; white boys 38
and Negro boys 29.
Truancy, gambling, fighting, injury 
to persons and carrying dangerous 
weapons appeared more frequently 
among Negro boys than
Negro girls or white boys or girls.
Delinquency is believed to be
lower in Memphis and Shelby
County than in most cities and
counties comparable in size. However, 
it is regrettable that it is
greater among Negro than white
youth. This is no doubt due to
many factors: insufficient income,
lack of sufficient personnel working 
with youth, inadequate facilities, 
and the many limitations imposed 
by the community on the
Negro group.
Illegitimacy is extremely high
among female Negroes. A report
ascertained from the Shelby County 
Health Department reflects an
increase in the trend.
In 1955 there were 138 white illegitimate 
live births and 2,282 illegitimate 
Negro live births. The rate
of whites, per 1000 live births was
14.7 while the rate of Negroes was
279.0 per 1000.
In 1958, three years later, the
total white illegitimate live births
was 189, and the total illegitimate
Negro births was 2,137. The rate
of whites per 1000 live births was
20.7 while the rate of Negroes per

1000 live births was 287.
Neglect, desertion, illegitimacy
and delinquency are greater with
Negroes than with white. This situation 
must be corrected. The total
community must bear the responsibility. 
Many things can be done
such as: more social workers provided, 
case loads reduced, the development 
of an adequate public
assistance program, day care, centers 
for children, homemakers' services, 
and more family life education. 
These needs as well as many
others, require additional funds.
This can be done only by increased 
taxation.
In recent years many changes
have been made in public school
education, it is the belief of this
committee that the recommendations 
outlined in the Peabody report 
be followed. Many of the recommendations 
have been carried
out, but still there is much to be
done which demands the participation 
of the total community.
From a study of 234 Negro youths
of the Booker T. Washington High
School area; it was found that the
desire for summer employment is
great but the opportunities are
limted. Of 43 ninth grade boys, 15
years of age or over, one in three
reported holding some sort of job;
these appeared to be part-time. Of
50 girls reporting, one worked all
summer. At the 12th grade level,
there were still only a minority of
girls working — only one in seven
listed ful-time work outside the
home — four listed part-time. While
one-half to two-thirds of the 12th
grade boys reported they were
working; the desire for more summer 
jobs was evident. Nine of the
youngsters said when asked what
they wanted most to do, "work,
even without pay."
(Children and youth are assisted 
or deterred in achieving individual 
fulfillment by the social,
cultural, and economic resources
within their community.)
A partial, list includes:
Individual and counseling services 
to families and children —
Department of Public Welfare,
Children's Bureau, Family Service,
Juvenile Court, Youth Service,
Traveler's Aid Society.
Institutional Care — Goodwill
Homes.
Group work and recreational services 
— YMCA, YWCA. Girl Scouts,
Boy Scouts, a Salvation Army Unit,
Public Recreation.
Schools and one Library Unit —
a school safety education program.
public-and school health services

and facilities.
Job opportunities and placement
— Urban League and Employment
Security Office.
Religious organizations.
Since the purpose of the 1960
conference (White House) is to
promote opportunities for children
and youth to realize their full
potential for a creative life in freedom 
and dignity then the above
mentioned available resources need
to be extended, enlarged, and improved. 
Home for unmarried Negro
mothers. Facilities for emotionally
disturbed.
Tax supported cultural, civic, recreational 
and educational facilities 
should be made available to
all segments of the total population 
so that children and youth
can realize their full potential for
a creative life in freedom and dignity 
in the county in which they
live. This is not being done. The
Negro population is excluded from
many tax supported services.
The county can take the lead in
creating the proper climate for the
people (all the people) in order
that our children and youth (Negro) 
will have greater or equal opportunities 
in the future than they
have had in the past.
To be left out — not admitted
because of color has a damaging
psychological effect on our children 
and youth as well as it poses
a serious educational handicap to
our children. To have a feeling of
"not belonging" is a serious deterrent. 

These resources should be financed 
by City and County tax funds,
with appropriate help from Shelby
United Neighbors and local organizations. 

Existing agencies can be encouraged 
to re-design their services and
agencies to meet the changing
needs of the children and youth of
the community by including on their
boards, committees, etc., representatives 
of the not included group —
the Negro group — not as sitters in
but as participating, contributing,
members of the whole group. A
second important factor is for
Board and Administration Bodies
to be willing to change to meet
changing needs.
Until unanimity of the people
(all the people) of the city and
county is reached, the purpose of
the 1960 White House Conference
which is "to promote opportunities
for children and youth to realize
their full potential for creative "life
in freedom and dignity" will not
be met.

ILLEGITIMACY

the responsibilities of marriage,
parenthood and family living.
Courses in family living can be
provided. Teenagers should have
available an abundance of wholesome 
literature relating to love,
marriage and family living. The
church should assume the responsibility 
for making practical Christianity 
in every day living.
One of the tests of a good place
to live is in the community's attitude 
toward its children and youth
and the resources available for
meeting their needs. We believe
that the factors affecting the lives
of our children are on the whole
conductive to effective growth and
development. However, there are,
as in most areas, influences which
we believe hinder the normal development 
of our younger citizens.
It is the purpose of this report
to identify only' a few of these
factors and to indicate, possible
methods of alleviating their adverse 
influences.
Perhaps the rapid growth in
population should be first mentioned. 
From 1950 to 1957 the population 
increased. 92,550. Of this increase. 
27,756 were non-white. During 
this period the white increased
23.4 percent and the Negro 18.9
percent.
The special census did not include 
the county. The Bartholomew 
report on population prepared
for the Board of Commissioners in
1955 gives the total population of
the county outside of Memphis as
108,312. In 1956 there were in the
county, outside Memphis 7,748 Negro 
male youth and 8,542 female
Negro youth between the ages of
12 and, 17 years. In '58 the city reported 
15,692 Negro youth between
the ages of 10 and 14 years.
The distribution pattern of population 
is even more significant than
its rapid growth. There has been a
heavy concentration in or near the
business district of the central city,
a thinning of population at the
edges of the city, and finally, a
scattering of the population in the
rural part of the county.
At the present time, movement is
occuring from the inner city to the
outer areas and into the county.
The Bartholomew report predicts
that in the next 25 years the city
is expected to double in size, and
almost half of this population increase 
will be in what is now county 
territory.
The movement of families with
children presents particular problems 
for planning. As families move,
resources frequently do not move
with them. Therefore, there are new
communities in the county and
outer-lying areas of the city which

do not have parks, playgrounds,
and other necessary services.
The lack of a county recreation
commission which would provide
the necessary park and playground
leadership and equipment has
meant improverished recreational
opportunities for these children and
youth. While the county Board of
Education has attempted to fill this
gap, the task is too great for complete 
coverage of the county.
This growth of population within 
the city and the county and the
shifting of population within the
larger community presents, pressures 
for the citizens, the schools
become crowded, new churches are
needed, civic life demands organization, 
leadership has to be found,
and most of all children become
lonely. Uprooted from their friends,
the adjustment to new situations
frequently brings a sense of detachment 
rather than belonging so
necessary for growth and development 
of our children and youth.
A report from the Juvenile Court
for 1957 on delinquent, complaints
revealed that a total of 3,404 cases
were handled in the city of Memphis. 
This count did not include
traffic cases. They totaled 1,985.
The report showed that unruly
conduct rated highest among all
complaints handled — 780 — 421
white boys; 57 white girls; 381 Negro 
boys and 101 Negro girls.
More girls were handled for sex
offenses than boys. The number of
cases, reported for white girls was
53. Negro girls 45; white boys 38
and Negro boys 29.
Truancy, gambling, fighting, injury 
to persons and carrying dangerous 
weapons appeared more frequently 
among Negro boys than
Negro girls or white boys or girls.
Delinquency is believed to be
lower in Memphis and Shelby
County than in most cities and
counties comparable in size. However, 
it is regrettable that it is
greater among Negro than white
youth. This is no doubt due to
many factors: insufficient income,
lack of sufficient personnel working 
with youth, inadequate facilities, 
and the many limitations imposed 
by the community on the
Negro group.
Illegitimacy is extremely high
among female Negroes. A report
ascertained from the Shelby County 
Health Department reflects an
increase in the trend.
In 1955 there were 138 white illegitimate 
live births and 2,282 illegitimate 
Negro live births. The rate
of whites, per 1000 live births was
14.7 while the rate of Negroes was
279.0 per 1000.
In 1958, three years later, the
total white illegitimate live births
was 189, and the total illegitimate
Negro births was 2,137. The rate
of whites per 1000 live births was
20.7 while the rate of Negroes per

1000 live births was 287.
Neglect, desertion, illegitimacy
and delinquency are greater with
Negroes than with white. This situation 
must be corrected. The total
community must bear the responsibility. 
Many things can be done
such as: more social workers provided, 
case loads reduced, the development 
of an adequate public
assistance program, day care, centers 
for children, homemakers' services, 
and more family life education. 
These needs as well as many
others, require additional funds.
This can be done only by increased 
taxation.
In recent years many changes
have been made in public school
education, it is the belief of this
committee that the recommendations 
outlined in the Peabody report 
be followed. Many of the recommendations 
have been carried
out, but still there is much to be
done which demands the participation 
of the total community.
From a study of 234 Negro youths
of the Booker T. Washington High
School area; it was found that the
desire for summer employment is
great but the opportunities are
limted. Of 43 ninth grade boys, 15
years of age or over, one in three
reported holding some sort of job;
these appeared to be part-time. Of
50 girls reporting, one worked all
summer. At the 12th grade level,
there were still only a minority of
girls working — only one in seven
listed ful-time work outside the
home — four listed part-time. While
one-half to two-thirds of the 12th
grade boys reported they were
working; the desire for more summer 
jobs was evident. Nine of the
youngsters said when asked what
they wanted most to do, "work,
even without pay."
(Children and youth are assisted 
or deterred in achieving individual 
fulfillment by the social,
cultural, and economic resources
within their community.)
A partial, list includes:
Individual and counseling services 
to families and children —
Department of Public Welfare,
Children's Bureau, Family Service,
Juvenile Court, Youth Service,
Traveler's Aid Society.
Institutional Care — Goodwill
Homes.
Group work and recreational services 
— YMCA, YWCA. Girl Scouts,
Boy Scouts, a Salvation Army Unit,
Public Recreation.
Schools and one Library Unit —
a school safety education program.
public-and school health services

and facilities.
Job opportunities and placement
— Urban League and Employment
Security Office.
Religious organizations.
Since the purpose of the 1960
conference (White House) is to
promote opportunities for children
and youth to realize their full
potential for a creative life in freedom 
and dignity then the above
mentioned available resources need
to be extended, enlarged, and improved. 
Home for unmarried Negro
mothers. Facilities for emotionally
disturbed.
Tax supported cultural, civic, recreational 
and educational facilities 
should be made available to
all segments of the total population 
so that children and youth
can realize their full potential for
a creative life in freedom and dignity 
in the county in which they
live. This is not being done. The
Negro population is excluded from
many tax supported services.
The county can take the lead in
creating the proper climate for the
people (all the people) in order
that our children and youth (Negro) 
will have greater or equal opportunities 
in the future than they
have had in the past.
To be left out — not admitted
because of color has a damaging
psychological effect on our children 
and youth as well as it poses
a serious educational handicap to
our children. To have a feeling of
"not belonging" is a serious deterrent. 

These resources should be financed 
by City and County tax funds,
with appropriate help from Shelby
United Neighbors and local organizations. 

Existing agencies can be encouraged 
to re-design their services and
agencies to meet the changing
needs of the children and youth of
the community by including on their
boards, committees, etc., representatives 
of the not included group —
the Negro group — not as sitters in
but as participating, contributing,
members of the whole group. A
second important factor is for
Board and Administration Bodies
to be willing to change to meet
changing needs.
Until unanimity of the people
(all the people) of the city and
county is reached, the purpose of
the 1960 White House Conference
which is "to promote opportunities
for children and youth to realize
their full potential for creative "life
in freedom and dignity" will not
be met.

CHANGES IN PUBLIC
EDUCATION

the responsibilities of marriage,
parenthood and family living.
Courses in family living can be
provided. Teenagers should have
available an abundance of wholesome 
literature relating to love,
marriage and family living. The
church should assume the responsibility 
for making practical Christianity 
in every day living.
One of the tests of a good place
to live is in the community's attitude 
toward its children and youth
and the resources available for
meeting their needs. We believe
that the factors affecting the lives
of our children are on the whole
conductive to effective growth and
development. However, there are,
as in most areas, influences which
we believe hinder the normal development 
of our younger citizens.
It is the purpose of this report
to identify only' a few of these
factors and to indicate, possible
methods of alleviating their adverse 
influences.
Perhaps the rapid growth in
population should be first mentioned. 
From 1950 to 1957 the population 
increased. 92,550. Of this increase. 
27,756 were non-white. During 
this period the white increased
23.4 percent and the Negro 18.9
percent.
The special census did not include 
the county. The Bartholomew 
report on population prepared
for the Board of Commissioners in
1955 gives the total population of
the county outside of Memphis as
108,312. In 1956 there were in the
county, outside Memphis 7,748 Negro 
male youth and 8,542 female
Negro youth between the ages of
12 and, 17 years. In '58 the city reported 
15,692 Negro youth between
the ages of 10 and 14 years.
The distribution pattern of population 
is even more significant than
its rapid growth. There has been a
heavy concentration in or near the
business district of the central city,
a thinning of population at the
edges of the city, and finally, a
scattering of the population in the
rural part of the county.
At the present time, movement is
occuring from the inner city to the
outer areas and into the county.
The Bartholomew report predicts
that in the next 25 years the city
is expected to double in size, and
almost half of this population increase 
will be in what is now county 
territory.
The movement of families with
children presents particular problems 
for planning. As families move,
resources frequently do not move
with them. Therefore, there are new
communities in the county and
outer-lying areas of the city which

do not have parks, playgrounds,
and other necessary services.
The lack of a county recreation
commission which would provide
the necessary park and playground
leadership and equipment has
meant improverished recreational
opportunities for these children and
youth. While the county Board of
Education has attempted to fill this
gap, the task is too great for complete 
coverage of the county.
This growth of population within 
the city and the county and the
shifting of population within the
larger community presents, pressures 
for the citizens, the schools
become crowded, new churches are
needed, civic life demands organization, 
leadership has to be found,
and most of all children become
lonely. Uprooted from their friends,
the adjustment to new situations
frequently brings a sense of detachment 
rather than belonging so
necessary for growth and development 
of our children and youth.
A report from the Juvenile Court
for 1957 on delinquent, complaints
revealed that a total of 3,404 cases
were handled in the city of Memphis. 
This count did not include
traffic cases. They totaled 1,985.
The report showed that unruly
conduct rated highest among all
complaints handled — 780 — 421
white boys; 57 white girls; 381 Negro 
boys and 101 Negro girls.
More girls were handled for sex
offenses than boys. The number of
cases, reported for white girls was
53. Negro girls 45; white boys 38
and Negro boys 29.
Truancy, gambling, fighting, injury 
to persons and carrying dangerous 
weapons appeared more frequently 
among Negro boys than
Negro girls or white boys or girls.
Delinquency is believed to be
lower in Memphis and Shelby
County than in most cities and
counties comparable in size. However, 
it is regrettable that it is
greater among Negro than white
youth. This is no doubt due to
many factors: insufficient income,
lack of sufficient personnel working 
with youth, inadequate facilities, 
and the many limitations imposed 
by the community on the
Negro group.
Illegitimacy is extremely high
among female Negroes. A report
ascertained from the Shelby County 
Health Department reflects an
increase in the trend.
In 1955 there were 138 white illegitimate 
live births and 2,282 illegitimate 
Negro live births. The rate
of whites, per 1000 live births was
14.7 while the rate of Negroes was
279.0 per 1000.
In 1958, three years later, the
total white illegitimate live births
was 189, and the total illegitimate
Negro births was 2,137. The rate
of whites per 1000 live births was
20.7 while the rate of Negroes per

1000 live births was 287.
Neglect, desertion, illegitimacy
and delinquency are greater with
Negroes than with white. This situation 
must be corrected. The total
community must bear the responsibility. 
Many things can be done
such as: more social workers provided, 
case loads reduced, the development 
of an adequate public
assistance program, day care, centers 
for children, homemakers' services, 
and more family life education. 
These needs as well as many
others, require additional funds.
This can be done only by increased 
taxation.
In recent years many changes
have been made in public school
education, it is the belief of this
committee that the recommendations 
outlined in the Peabody report 
be followed. Many of the recommendations 
have been carried
out, but still there is much to be
done which demands the participation 
of the total community.
From a study of 234 Negro youths
of the Booker T. Washington High
School area; it was found that the
desire for summer employment is
great but the opportunities are
limted. Of 43 ninth grade boys, 15
years of age or over, one in three
reported holding some sort of job;
these appeared to be part-time. Of
50 girls reporting, one worked all
summer. At the 12th grade level,
there were still only a minority of
girls working — only one in seven
listed ful-time work outside the
home — four listed part-time. While
one-half to two-thirds of the 12th
grade boys reported they were
working; the desire for more summer 
jobs was evident. Nine of the
youngsters said when asked what
they wanted most to do, "work,
even without pay."
(Children and youth are assisted 
or deterred in achieving individual 
fulfillment by the social,
cultural, and economic resources
within their community.)
A partial, list includes:
Individual and counseling services 
to families and children —
Department of Public Welfare,
Children's Bureau, Family Service,
Juvenile Court, Youth Service,
Traveler's Aid Society.
Institutional Care — Goodwill
Homes.
Group work and recreational services 
— YMCA, YWCA. Girl Scouts,
Boy Scouts, a Salvation Army Unit,
Public Recreation.
Schools and one Library Unit —
a school safety education program.
public-and school health services

and facilities.
Job opportunities and placement
— Urban League and Employment
Security Office.
Religious organizations.
Since the purpose of the 1960
conference (White House) is to
promote opportunities for children
and youth to realize their full
potential for a creative life in freedom 
and dignity then the above
mentioned available resources need
to be extended, enlarged, and improved. 
Home for unmarried Negro
mothers. Facilities for emotionally
disturbed.
Tax supported cultural, civic, recreational 
and educational facilities 
should be made available to
all segments of the total population 
so that children and youth
can realize their full potential for
a creative life in freedom and dignity 
in the county in which they
live. This is not being done. The
Negro population is excluded from
many tax supported services.
The county can take the lead in
creating the proper climate for the
people (all the people) in order
that our children and youth (Negro) 
will have greater or equal opportunities 
in the future than they
have had in the past.
To be left out — not admitted
because of color has a damaging
psychological effect on our children 
and youth as well as it poses
a serious educational handicap to
our children. To have a feeling of
"not belonging" is a serious deterrent. 

These resources should be financed 
by City and County tax funds,
with appropriate help from Shelby
United Neighbors and local organizations. 

Existing agencies can be encouraged 
to re-design their services and
agencies to meet the changing
needs of the children and youth of
the community by including on their
boards, committees, etc., representatives 
of the not included group —
the Negro group — not as sitters in
but as participating, contributing,
members of the whole group. A
second important factor is for
Board and Administration Bodies
to be willing to change to meet
changing needs.
Until unanimity of the people
(all the people) of the city and
county is reached, the purpose of
the 1960 White House Conference
which is "to promote opportunities
for children and youth to realize
their full potential for creative "life
in freedom and dignity" will not
be met.

JOB OPPORTUNITIES
FOR YOUTH

the responsibilities of marriage,
parenthood and family living.
Courses in family living can be
provided. Teenagers should have
available an abundance of wholesome 
literature relating to love,
marriage and family living. The
church should assume the responsibility 
for making practical Christianity 
in every day living.
One of the tests of a good place
to live is in the community's attitude 
toward its children and youth
and the resources available for
meeting their needs. We believe
that the factors affecting the lives
of our children are on the whole
conductive to effective growth and
development. However, there are,
as in most areas, influences which
we believe hinder the normal development 
of our younger citizens.
It is the purpose of this report
to identify only' a few of these
factors and to indicate, possible
methods of alleviating their adverse 
influences.
Perhaps the rapid growth in
population should be first mentioned. 
From 1950 to 1957 the population 
increased. 92,550. Of this increase. 
27,756 were non-white. During 
this period the white increased
23.4 percent and the Negro 18.9
percent.
The special census did not include 
the county. The Bartholomew 
report on population prepared
for the Board of Commissioners in
1955 gives the total population of
the county outside of Memphis as
108,312. In 1956 there were in the
county, outside Memphis 7,748 Negro 
male youth and 8,542 female
Negro youth between the ages of
12 and, 17 years. In '58 the city reported 
15,692 Negro youth between
the ages of 10 and 14 years.
The distribution pattern of population 
is even more significant than
its rapid growth. There has been a
heavy concentration in or near the
business district of the central city,
a thinning of population at the
edges of the city, and finally, a
scattering of the population in the
rural part of the county.
At the present time, movement is
occuring from the inner city to the
outer areas and into the county.
The Bartholomew report predicts
that in the next 25 years the city
is expected to double in size, and
almost half of this population increase 
will be in what is now county 
territory.
The movement of families with
children presents particular problems 
for planning. As families move,
resources frequently do not move
with them. Therefore, there are new
communities in the county and
outer-lying areas of the city which

do not have parks, playgrounds,
and other necessary services.
The lack of a county recreation
commission which would provide
the necessary park and playground
leadership and equipment has
meant improverished recreational
opportunities for these children and
youth. While the county Board of
Education has attempted to fill this
gap, the task is too great for complete 
coverage of the county.
This growth of population within 
the city and the county and the
shifting of population within the
larger community presents, pressures 
for the citizens, the schools
become crowded, new churches are
needed, civic life demands organization, 
leadership has to be found,
and most of all children become
lonely. Uprooted from their friends,
the adjustment to new situations
frequently brings a sense of detachment 
rather than belonging so
necessary for growth and development 
of our children and youth.
A report from the Juvenile Court
for 1957 on delinquent, complaints
revealed that a total of 3,404 cases
were handled in the city of Memphis. 
This count did not include
traffic cases. They totaled 1,985.
The report showed that unruly
conduct rated highest among all
complaints handled — 780 — 421
white boys; 57 white girls; 381 Negro 
boys and 101 Negro girls.
More girls were handled for sex
offenses than boys. The number of
cases, reported for white girls was
53. Negro girls 45; white boys 38
and Negro boys 29.
Truancy, gambling, fighting, injury 
to persons and carrying dangerous 
weapons appeared more frequently 
among Negro boys than
Negro girls or white boys or girls.
Delinquency is believed to be
lower in Memphis and Shelby
County than in most cities and
counties comparable in size. However, 
it is regrettable that it is
greater among Negro than white
youth. This is no doubt due to
many factors: insufficient income,
lack of sufficient personnel working 
with youth, inadequate facilities, 
and the many limitations imposed 
by the community on the
Negro group.
Illegitimacy is extremely high
among female Negroes. A report
ascertained from the Shelby County 
Health Department reflects an
increase in the trend.
In 1955 there were 138 white illegitimate 
live births and 2,282 illegitimate 
Negro live births. The rate
of whites, per 1000 live births was
14.7 while the rate of Negroes was
279.0 per 1000.
In 1958, three years later, the
total white illegitimate live births
was 189, and the total illegitimate
Negro births was 2,137. The rate
of whites per 1000 live births was
20.7 while the rate of Negroes per

1000 live births was 287.
Neglect, desertion, illegitimacy
and delinquency are greater with
Negroes than with white. This situation 
must be corrected. The total
community must bear the responsibility. 
Many things can be done
such as: more social workers provided, 
case loads reduced, the development 
of an adequate public
assistance program, day care, centers 
for children, homemakers' services, 
and more family life education. 
These needs as well as many
others, require additional funds.
This can be done only by increased 
taxation.
In recent years many changes
have been made in public school
education, it is the belief of this
committee that the recommendations 
outlined in the Peabody report 
be followed. Many of the recommendations 
have been carried
out, but still there is much to be
done which demands the participation 
of the total community.
From a study of 234 Negro youths
of the Booker T. Washington High
School area; it was found that the
desire for summer employment is
great but the opportunities are
limted. Of 43 ninth grade boys, 15
years of age or over, one in three
reported holding some sort of job;
these appeared to be part-time. Of
50 girls reporting, one worked all
summer. At the 12th grade level,
there were still only a minority of
girls working — only one in seven
listed ful-time work outside the
home — four listed part-time. While
one-half to two-thirds of the 12th
grade boys reported they were
working; the desire for more summer 
jobs was evident. Nine of the
youngsters said when asked what
they wanted most to do, "work,
even without pay."
(Children and youth are assisted 
or deterred in achieving individual 
fulfillment by the social,
cultural, and economic resources
within their community.)
A partial, list includes:
Individual and counseling services 
to families and children —
Department of Public Welfare,
Children's Bureau, Family Service,
Juvenile Court, Youth Service,
Traveler's Aid Society.
Institutional Care — Goodwill
Homes.
Group work and recreational services 
— YMCA, YWCA. Girl Scouts,
Boy Scouts, a Salvation Army Unit,
Public Recreation.
Schools and one Library Unit —
a school safety education program.
public-and school health services

and facilities.
Job opportunities and placement
— Urban League and Employment
Security Office.
Religious organizations.
Since the purpose of the 1960
conference (White House) is to
promote opportunities for children
and youth to realize their full
potential for a creative life in freedom 
and dignity then the above
mentioned available resources need
to be extended, enlarged, and improved. 
Home for unmarried Negro
mothers. Facilities for emotionally
disturbed.
Tax supported cultural, civic, recreational 
and educational facilities 
should be made available to
all segments of the total population 
so that children and youth
can realize their full potential for
a creative life in freedom and dignity 
in the county in which they
live. This is not being done. The
Negro population is excluded from
many tax supported services.
The county can take the lead in
creating the proper climate for the
people (all the people) in order
that our children and youth (Negro) 
will have greater or equal opportunities 
in the future than they
have had in the past.
To be left out — not admitted
because of color has a damaging
psychological effect on our children 
and youth as well as it poses
a serious educational handicap to
our children. To have a feeling of
"not belonging" is a serious deterrent. 

These resources should be financed 
by City and County tax funds,
with appropriate help from Shelby
United Neighbors and local organizations. 

Existing agencies can be encouraged 
to re-design their services and
agencies to meet the changing
needs of the children and youth of
the community by including on their
boards, committees, etc., representatives 
of the not included group —
the Negro group — not as sitters in
but as participating, contributing,
members of the whole group. A
second important factor is for
Board and Administration Bodies
to be willing to change to meet
changing needs.
Until unanimity of the people
(all the people) of the city and
county is reached, the purpose of
the 1960 White House Conference
which is "to promote opportunities
for children and youth to realize
their full potential for creative "life
in freedom and dignity" will not
be met.

INFLUENCES OF CHILDREN
INFLUENCES O CHILDREN
AND YOUTH

the responsibilities of marriage,
parenthood and family living.
Courses in family living can be
provided. Teenagers should have
available an abundance of wholesome 
literature relating to love,
marriage and family living. The
church should assume the responsibility 
for making practical Christianity 
in every day living.
One of the tests of a good place
to live is in the community's attitude 
toward its children and youth
and the resources available for
meeting their needs. We believe
that the factors affecting the lives
of our children are on the whole
conductive to effective growth and
development. However, there are,
as in most areas, influences which
we believe hinder the normal development 
of our younger citizens.
It is the purpose of this report
to identify only' a few of these
factors and to indicate, possible
methods of alleviating their adverse 
influences.
Perhaps the rapid growth in
population should be first mentioned. 
From 1950 to 1957 the population 
increased. 92,550. Of this increase. 
27,756 were non-white. During 
this period the white increased
23.4 percent and the Negro 18.9
percent.
The special census did not include 
the county. The Bartholomew 
report on population prepared
for the Board of Commissioners in
1955 gives the total population of
the county outside of Memphis as
108,312. In 1956 there were in the
county, outside Memphis 7,748 Negro 
male youth and 8,542 female
Negro youth between the ages of
12 and, 17 years. In '58 the city reported 
15,692 Negro youth between
the ages of 10 and 14 years.
The distribution pattern of population 
is even more significant than
its rapid growth. There has been a
heavy concentration in or near the
business district of the central city,
a thinning of population at the
edges of the city, and finally, a
scattering of the population in the
rural part of the county.
At the present time, movement is
occuring from the inner city to the
outer areas and into the county.
The Bartholomew report predicts
that in the next 25 years the city
is expected to double in size, and
almost half of this population increase 
will be in what is now county 
territory.
The movement of families with
children presents particular problems 
for planning. As families move,
resources frequently do not move
with them. Therefore, there are new
communities in the county and
outer-lying areas of the city which

do not have parks, playgrounds,
and other necessary services.
The lack of a county recreation
commission which would provide
the necessary park and playground
leadership and equipment has
meant improverished recreational
opportunities for these children and
youth. While the county Board of
Education has attempted to fill this
gap, the task is too great for complete 
coverage of the county.
This growth of population within 
the city and the county and the
shifting of population within the
larger community presents, pressures 
for the citizens, the schools
become crowded, new churches are
needed, civic life demands organization, 
leadership has to be found,
and most of all children become
lonely. Uprooted from their friends,
the adjustment to new situations
frequently brings a sense of detachment 
rather than belonging so
necessary for growth and development 
of our children and youth.
A report from the Juvenile Court
for 1957 on delinquent, complaints
revealed that a total of 3,404 cases
were handled in the city of Memphis. 
This count did not include
traffic cases. They totaled 1,985.
The report showed that unruly
conduct rated highest among all
complaints handled — 780 — 421
white boys; 57 white girls; 381 Negro 
boys and 101 Negro girls.
More girls were handled for sex
offenses than boys. The number of
cases, reported for white girls was
53. Negro girls 45; white boys 38
and Negro boys 29.
Truancy, gambling, fighting, injury 
to persons and carrying dangerous 
weapons appeared more frequently 
among Negro boys than
Negro girls or white boys or girls.
Delinquency is believed to be
lower in Memphis and Shelby
County than in most cities and
counties comparable in size. However, 
it is regrettable that it is
greater among Negro than white
youth. This is no doubt due to
many factors: insufficient income,
lack of sufficient personnel working 
with youth, inadequate facilities, 
and the many limitations imposed 
by the community on the
Negro group.
Illegitimacy is extremely high
among female Negroes. A report
ascertained from the Shelby County 
Health Department reflects an
increase in the trend.
In 1955 there were 138 white illegitimate 
live births and 2,282 illegitimate 
Negro live births. The rate
of whites, per 1000 live births was
14.7 while the rate of Negroes was
279.0 per 1000.
In 1958, three years later, the
total white illegitimate live births
was 189, and the total illegitimate
Negro births was 2,137. The rate
of whites per 1000 live births was
20.7 while the rate of Negroes per

1000 live births was 287.
Neglect, desertion, illegitimacy
and delinquency are greater with
Negroes than with white. This situation 
must be corrected. The total
community must bear the responsibility. 
Many things can be done
such as: more social workers provided, 
case loads reduced, the development 
of an adequate public
assistance program, day care, centers 
for children, homemakers' services, 
and more family life education. 
These needs as well as many
others, require additional funds.
This can be done only by increased 
taxation.
In recent years many changes
have been made in public school
education, it is the belief of this
committee that the recommendations 
outlined in the Peabody report 
be followed. Many of the recommendations 
have been carried
out, but still there is much to be
done which demands the participation 
of the total community.
From a study of 234 Negro youths
of the Booker T. Washington High
School area; it was found that the
desire for summer employment is
great but the opportunities are
limted. Of 43 ninth grade boys, 15
years of age or over, one in three
reported holding some sort of job;
these appeared to be part-time. Of
50 girls reporting, one worked all
summer. At the 12th grade level,
there were still only a minority of
girls working — only one in seven
listed ful-time work outside the
home — four listed part-time. While
one-half to two-thirds of the 12th
grade boys reported they were
working; the desire for more summer 
jobs was evident. Nine of the
youngsters said when asked what
they wanted most to do, "work,
even without pay."
(Children and youth are assisted 
or deterred in achieving individual 
fulfillment by the social,
cultural, and economic resources
within their community.)
A partial, list includes:
Individual and counseling services 
to families and children —
Department of Public Welfare,
Children's Bureau, Family Service,
Juvenile Court, Youth Service,
Traveler's Aid Society.
Institutional Care — Goodwill
Homes.
Group work and recreational services 
— YMCA, YWCA. Girl Scouts,
Boy Scouts, a Salvation Army Unit,
Public Recreation.
Schools and one Library Unit —
a school safety education program.
public-and school health services

and facilities.
Job opportunities and placement
— Urban League and Employment
Security Office.
Religious organizations.
Since the purpose of the 1960
conference (White House) is to
promote opportunities for children
and youth to realize their full
potential for a creative life in freedom 
and dignity then the above
mentioned available resources need
to be extended, enlarged, and improved. 
Home for unmarried Negro
mothers. Facilities for emotionally
disturbed.
Tax supported cultural, civic, recreational 
and educational facilities 
should be made available to
all segments of the total population 
so that children and youth
can realize their full potential for
a creative life in freedom and dignity 
in the county in which they
live. This is not being done. The
Negro population is excluded from
many tax supported services.
The county can take the lead in
creating the proper climate for the
people (all the people) in order
that our children and youth (Negro) 
will have greater or equal opportunities 
in the future than they
have had in the past.
To be left out — not admitted
because of color has a damaging
psychological effect on our children 
and youth as well as it poses
a serious educational handicap to
our children. To have a feeling of
"not belonging" is a serious deterrent. 

These resources should be financed 
by City and County tax funds,
with appropriate help from Shelby
United Neighbors and local organizations. 

Existing agencies can be encouraged 
to re-design their services and
agencies to meet the changing
needs of the children and youth of
the community by including on their
boards, committees, etc., representatives 
of the not included group —
the Negro group — not as sitters in
but as participating, contributing,
members of the whole group. A
second important factor is for
Board and Administration Bodies
to be willing to change to meet
changing needs.
Until unanimity of the people
(all the people) of the city and
county is reached, the purpose of
the 1960 White House Conference
which is "to promote opportunities
for children and youth to realize
their full potential for creative "life
in freedom and dignity" will not
be met.

WHAT RESOURCES ARE
AVAILABLE WITHIN
THE COMMUNITY

the responsibilities of marriage,
parenthood and family living.
Courses in family living can be
provided. Teenagers should have
available an abundance of wholesome 
literature relating to love,
marriage and family living. The
church should assume the responsibility 
for making practical Christianity 
in every day living.
One of the tests of a good place
to live is in the community's attitude 
toward its children and youth
and the resources available for
meeting their needs. We believe
that the factors affecting the lives
of our children are on the whole
conductive to effective growth and
development. However, there are,
as in most areas, influences which
we believe hinder the normal development 
of our younger citizens.
It is the purpose of this report
to identify only' a few of these
factors and to indicate, possible
methods of alleviating their adverse 
influences.
Perhaps the rapid growth in
population should be first mentioned. 
From 1950 to 1957 the population 
increased. 92,550. Of this increase. 
27,756 were non-white. During 
this period the white increased
23.4 percent and the Negro 18.9
percent.
The special census did not include 
the county. The Bartholomew 
report on population prepared
for the Board of Commissioners in
1955 gives the total population of
the county outside of Memphis as
108,312. In 1956 there were in the
county, outside Memphis 7,748 Negro 
male youth and 8,542 female
Negro youth between the ages of
12 and, 17 years. In '58 the city reported 
15,692 Negro youth between
the ages of 10 and 14 years.
The distribution pattern of population 
is even more significant than
its rapid growth. There has been a
heavy concentration in or near the
business district of the central city,
a thinning of population at the
edges of the city, and finally, a
scattering of the population in the
rural part of the county.
At the present time, movement is
occuring from the inner city to the
outer areas and into the county.
The Bartholomew report predicts
that in the next 25 years the city
is expected to double in size, and
almost half of this population increase 
will be in what is now county 
territory.
The movement of families with
children presents particular problems 
for planning. As families move,
resources frequently do not move
with them. Therefore, there are new
communities in the county and
outer-lying areas of the city which

do not have parks, playgrounds,
and other necessary services.
The lack of a county recreation
commission which would provide
the necessary park and playground
leadership and equipment has
meant improverished recreational
opportunities for these children and
youth. While the county Board of
Education has attempted to fill this
gap, the task is too great for complete 
coverage of the county.
This growth of population within 
the city and the county and the
shifting of population within the
larger community presents, pressures 
for the citizens, the schools
become crowded, new churches are
needed, civic life demands organization, 
leadership has to be found,
and most of all children become
lonely. Uprooted from their friends,
the adjustment to new situations
frequently brings a sense of detachment 
rather than belonging so
necessary for growth and development 
of our children and youth.
A report from the Juvenile Court
for 1957 on delinquent, complaints
revealed that a total of 3,404 cases
were handled in the city of Memphis. 
This count did not include
traffic cases. They totaled 1,985.
The report showed that unruly
conduct rated highest among all
complaints handled — 780 — 421
white boys; 57 white girls; 381 Negro 
boys and 101 Negro girls.
More girls were handled for sex
offenses than boys. The number of
cases, reported for white girls was
53. Negro girls 45; white boys 38
and Negro boys 29.
Truancy, gambling, fighting, injury 
to persons and carrying dangerous 
weapons appeared more frequently 
among Negro boys than
Negro girls or white boys or girls.
Delinquency is believed to be
lower in Memphis and Shelby
County than in most cities and
counties comparable in size. However, 
it is regrettable that it is
greater among Negro than white
youth. This is no doubt due to
many factors: insufficient income,
lack of sufficient personnel working 
with youth, inadequate facilities, 
and the many limitations imposed 
by the community on the
Negro group.
Illegitimacy is extremely high
among female Negroes. A report
ascertained from the Shelby County 
Health Department reflects an
increase in the trend.
In 1955 there were 138 white illegitimate 
live births and 2,282 illegitimate 
Negro live births. The rate
of whites, per 1000 live births was
14.7 while the rate of Negroes was
279.0 per 1000.
In 1958, three years later, the
total white illegitimate live births
was 189, and the total illegitimate
Negro births was 2,137. The rate
of whites per 1000 live births was
20.7 while the rate of Negroes per

1000 live births was 287.
Neglect, desertion, illegitimacy
and delinquency are greater with
Negroes than with white. This situation 
must be corrected. The total
community must bear the responsibility. 
Many things can be done
such as: more social workers provided, 
case loads reduced, the development 
of an adequate public
assistance program, day care, centers 
for children, homemakers' services, 
and more family life education. 
These needs as well as many
others, require additional funds.
This can be done only by increased 
taxation.
In recent years many changes
have been made in public school
education, it is the belief of this
committee that the recommendations 
outlined in the Peabody report 
be followed. Many of the recommendations 
have been carried
out, but still there is much to be
done which demands the participation 
of the total community.
From a study of 234 Negro youths
of the Booker T. Washington High
School area; it was found that the
desire for summer employment is
great but the opportunities are
limted. Of 43 ninth grade boys, 15
years of age or over, one in three
reported holding some sort of job;
these appeared to be part-time. Of
50 girls reporting, one worked all
summer. At the 12th grade level,
there were still only a minority of
girls working — only one in seven
listed ful-time work outside the
home — four listed part-time. While
one-half to two-thirds of the 12th
grade boys reported they were
working; the desire for more summer 
jobs was evident. Nine of the
youngsters said when asked what
they wanted most to do, "work,
even without pay."
(Children and youth are assisted 
or deterred in achieving individual 
fulfillment by the social,
cultural, and economic resources
within their community.)
A partial, list includes:
Individual and counseling services 
to families and children —
Department of Public Welfare,
Children's Bureau, Family Service,
Juvenile Court, Youth Service,
Traveler's Aid Society.
Institutional Care — Goodwill
Homes.
Group work and recreational services 
— YMCA, YWCA. Girl Scouts,
Boy Scouts, a Salvation Army Unit,
Public Recreation.
Schools and one Library Unit —
a school safety education program.
public-and school health services

and facilities.
Job opportunities and placement
— Urban League and Employment
Security Office.
Religious organizations.
Since the purpose of the 1960
conference (White House) is to
promote opportunities for children
and youth to realize their full
potential for a creative life in freedom 
and dignity then the above
mentioned available resources need
to be extended, enlarged, and improved. 
Home for unmarried Negro
mothers. Facilities for emotionally
disturbed.
Tax supported cultural, civic, recreational 
and educational facilities 
should be made available to
all segments of the total population 
so that children and youth
can realize their full potential for
a creative life in freedom and dignity 
in the county in which they
live. This is not being done. The
Negro population is excluded from
many tax supported services.
The county can take the lead in
creating the proper climate for the
people (all the people) in order
that our children and youth (Negro) 
will have greater or equal opportunities 
in the future than they
have had in the past.
To be left out — not admitted
because of color has a damaging
psychological effect on our children 
and youth as well as it poses
a serious educational handicap to
our children. To have a feeling of
"not belonging" is a serious deterrent. 

These resources should be financed 
by City and County tax funds,
with appropriate help from Shelby
United Neighbors and local organizations. 

Existing agencies can be encouraged 
to re-design their services and
agencies to meet the changing
needs of the children and youth of
the community by including on their
boards, committees, etc., representatives 
of the not included group —
the Negro group — not as sitters in
but as participating, contributing,
members of the whole group. A
second important factor is for
Board and Administration Bodies
to be willing to change to meet
changing needs.
Until unanimity of the people
(all the people) of the city and
county is reached, the purpose of
the 1960 White House Conference
which is "to promote opportunities
for children and youth to realize
their full potential for creative "life
in freedom and dignity" will not
be met.

WHAT ARE THE NEEDED
RESOURCES AND WHY ARE
THEY UNAVAILABLE?

the responsibilities of marriage,
parenthood and family living.
Courses in family living can be
provided. Teenagers should have
available an abundance of wholesome 
literature relating to love,
marriage and family living. The
church should assume the responsibility 
for making practical Christianity 
in every day living.
One of the tests of a good place
to live is in the community's attitude 
toward its children and youth
and the resources available for
meeting their needs. We believe
that the factors affecting the lives
of our children are on the whole
conductive to effective growth and
development. However, there are,
as in most areas, influences which
we believe hinder the normal development 
of our younger citizens.
It is the purpose of this report
to identify only' a few of these
factors and to indicate, possible
methods of alleviating their adverse 
influences.
Perhaps the rapid growth in
population should be first mentioned. 
From 1950 to 1957 the population 
increased. 92,550. Of this increase. 
27,756 were non-white. During 
this period the white increased
23.4 percent and the Negro 18.9
percent.
The special census did not include 
the county. The Bartholomew 
report on population prepared
for the Board of Commissioners in
1955 gives the total population of
the county outside of Memphis as
108,312. In 1956 there were in the
county, outside Memphis 7,748 Negro 
male youth and 8,542 female
Negro youth between the ages of
12 and, 17 years. In '58 the city reported 
15,692 Negro youth between
the ages of 10 and 14 years.
The distribution pattern of population 
is even more significant than
its rapid growth. There has been a
heavy concentration in or near the
business district of the central city,
a thinning of population at the
edges of the city, and finally, a
scattering of the population in the
rural part of the county.
At the present time, movement is
occuring from the inner city to the
outer areas and into the county.
The Bartholomew report predicts
that in the next 25 years the city
is expected to double in size, and
almost half of this population increase 
will be in what is now county 
territory.
The movement of families with
children presents particular problems 
for planning. As families move,
resources frequently do not move
with them. Therefore, there are new
communities in the county and
outer-lying areas of the city which

do not have parks, playgrounds,
and other necessary services.
The lack of a county recreation
commission which would provide
the necessary park and playground
leadership and equipment has
meant improverished recreational
opportunities for these children and
youth. While the county Board of
Education has attempted to fill this
gap, the task is too great for complete 
coverage of the county.
This growth of population within 
the city and the county and the
shifting of population within the
larger community presents, pressures 
for the citizens, the schools
become crowded, new churches are
needed, civic life demands organization, 
leadership has to be found,
and most of all children become
lonely. Uprooted from their friends,
the adjustment to new situations
frequently brings a sense of detachment 
rather than belonging so
necessary for growth and development 
of our children and youth.
A report from the Juvenile Court
for 1957 on delinquent, complaints
revealed that a total of 3,404 cases
were handled in the city of Memphis. 
This count did not include
traffic cases. They totaled 1,985.
The report showed that unruly
conduct rated highest among all
complaints handled — 780 — 421
white boys; 57 white girls; 381 Negro 
boys and 101 Negro girls.
More girls were handled for sex
offenses than boys. The number of
cases, reported for white girls was
53. Negro girls 45; white boys 38
and Negro boys 29.
Truancy, gambling, fighting, injury 
to persons and carrying dangerous 
weapons appeared more frequently 
among Negro boys than
Negro girls or white boys or girls.
Delinquency is believed to be
lower in Memphis and Shelby
County than in most cities and
counties comparable in size. However, 
it is regrettable that it is
greater among Negro than white
youth. This is no doubt due to
many factors: insufficient income,
lack of sufficient personnel working 
with youth, inadequate facilities, 
and the many limitations imposed 
by the community on the
Negro group.
Illegitimacy is extremely high
among female Negroes. A report
ascertained from the Shelby County 
Health Department reflects an
increase in the trend.
In 1955 there were 138 white illegitimate 
live births and 2,282 illegitimate 
Negro live births. The rate
of whites, per 1000 live births was
14.7 while the rate of Negroes was
279.0 per 1000.
In 1958, three years later, the
total white illegitimate live births
was 189, and the total illegitimate
Negro births was 2,137. The rate
of whites per 1000 live births was
20.7 while the rate of Negroes per

1000 live births was 287.
Neglect, desertion, illegitimacy
and delinquency are greater with
Negroes than with white. This situation 
must be corrected. The total
community must bear the responsibility. 
Many things can be done
such as: more social workers provided, 
case loads reduced, the development 
of an adequate public
assistance program, day care, centers 
for children, homemakers' services, 
and more family life education. 
These needs as well as many
others, require additional funds.
This can be done only by increased 
taxation.
In recent years many changes
have been made in public school
education, it is the belief of this
committee that the recommendations 
outlined in the Peabody report 
be followed. Many of the recommendations 
have been carried
out, but still there is much to be
done which demands the participation 
of the total community.
From a study of 234 Negro youths
of the Booker T. Washington High
School area; it was found that the
desire for summer employment is
great but the opportunities are
limted. Of 43 ninth grade boys, 15
years of age or over, one in three
reported holding some sort of job;
these appeared to be part-time. Of
50 girls reporting, one worked all
summer. At the 12th grade level,
there were still only a minority of
girls working — only one in seven
listed ful-time work outside the
home — four listed part-time. While
one-half to two-thirds of the 12th
grade boys reported they were
working; the desire for more summer 
jobs was evident. Nine of the
youngsters said when asked what
they wanted most to do, "work,
even without pay."
(Children and youth are assisted 
or deterred in achieving individual 
fulfillment by the social,
cultural, and economic resources
within their community.)
A partial, list includes:
Individual and counseling services 
to families and children —
Department of Public Welfare,
Children's Bureau, Family Service,
Juvenile Court, Youth Service,
Traveler's Aid Society.
Institutional Care — Goodwill
Homes.
Group work and recreational services 
— YMCA, YWCA. Girl Scouts,
Boy Scouts, a Salvation Army Unit,
Public Recreation.
Schools and one Library Unit —
a school safety education program.
public-and school health services

and facilities.
Job opportunities and placement
— Urban League and Employment
Security Office.
Religious organizations.
Since the purpose of the 1960
conference (White House) is to
promote opportunities for children
and youth to realize their full
potential for a creative life in freedom 
and dignity then the above
mentioned available resources need
to be extended, enlarged, and improved. 
Home for unmarried Negro
mothers. Facilities for emotionally
disturbed.
Tax supported cultural, civic, recreational 
and educational facilities 
should be made available to
all segments of the total population 
so that children and youth
can realize their full potential for
a creative life in freedom and dignity 
in the county in which they
live. This is not being done. The
Negro population is excluded from
many tax supported services.
The county can take the lead in
creating the proper climate for the
people (all the people) in order
that our children and youth (Negro) 
will have greater or equal opportunities 
in the future than they
have had in the past.
To be left out — not admitted
because of color has a damaging
psychological effect on our children 
and youth as well as it poses
a serious educational handicap to
our children. To have a feeling of
"not belonging" is a serious deterrent. 

These resources should be financed 
by City and County tax funds,
with appropriate help from Shelby
United Neighbors and local organizations. 

Existing agencies can be encouraged 
to re-design their services and
agencies to meet the changing
needs of the children and youth of
the community by including on their
boards, committees, etc., representatives 
of the not included group —
the Negro group — not as sitters in
but as participating, contributing,
members of the whole group. A
second important factor is for
Board and Administration Bodies
to be willing to change to meet
changing needs.
Until unanimity of the people
(all the people) of the city and
county is reached, the purpose of
the 1960 White House Conference
which is "to promote opportunities
for children and youth to realize
their full potential for creative "life
in freedom and dignity" will not
be met.

WHAT ACTION CAN YOUR
COUNTY TAKE TO SECURE
ADEQUATE RESOURCES?

the responsibilities of marriage,
parenthood and family living.
Courses in family living can be
provided. Teenagers should have
available an abundance of wholesome 
literature relating to love,
marriage and family living. The
church should assume the responsibility 
for making practical Christianity 
in every day living.
One of the tests of a good place
to live is in the community's attitude 
toward its children and youth
and the resources available for
meeting their needs. We believe
that the factors affecting the lives
of our children are on the whole
conductive to effective growth and
development. However, there are,
as in most areas, influences which
we believe hinder the normal development 
of our younger citizens.
It is the purpose of this report
to identify only' a few of these
factors and to indicate, possible
methods of alleviating their adverse 
influences.
Perhaps the rapid growth in
population should be first mentioned. 
From 1950 to 1957 the population 
increased. 92,550. Of this increase. 
27,756 were non-white. During 
this period the white increased
23.4 percent and the Negro 18.9
percent.
The special census did not include 
the county. The Bartholomew 
report on population prepared
for the Board of Commissioners in
1955 gives the total population of
the county outside of Memphis as
108,312. In 1956 there were in the
county, outside Memphis 7,748 Negro 
male youth and 8,542 female
Negro youth between the ages of
12 and, 17 years. In '58 the city reported 
15,692 Negro youth between
the ages of 10 and 14 years.
The distribution pattern of population 
is even more significant than
its rapid growth. There has been a
heavy concentration in or near the
business district of the central city,
a thinning of population at the
edges of the city, and finally, a
scattering of the population in the
rural part of the county.
At the present time, movement is
occuring from the inner city to the
outer areas and into the county.
The Bartholomew report predicts
that in the next 25 years the city
is expected to double in size, and
almost half of this population increase 
will be in what is now county 
territory.
The movement of families with
children presents particular problems 
for planning. As families move,
resources frequently do not move
with them. Therefore, there are new
communities in the county and
outer-lying areas of the city which

do not have parks, playgrounds,
and other necessary services.
The lack of a county recreation
commission which would provide
the necessary park and playground
leadership and equipment has
meant improverished recreational
opportunities for these children and
youth. While the county Board of
Education has attempted to fill this
gap, the task is too great for complete 
coverage of the county.
This growth of population within 
the city and the county and the
shifting of population within the
larger community presents, pressures 
for the citizens, the schools
become crowded, new churches are
needed, civic life demands organization, 
leadership has to be found,
and most of all children become
lonely. Uprooted from their friends,
the adjustment to new situations
frequently brings a sense of detachment 
rather than belonging so
necessary for growth and development 
of our children and youth.
A report from the Juvenile Court
for 1957 on delinquent, complaints
revealed that a total of 3,404 cases
were handled in the city of Memphis. 
This count did not include
traffic cases. They totaled 1,985.
The report showed that unruly
conduct rated highest among all
complaints handled — 780 — 421
white boys; 57 white girls; 381 Negro 
boys and 101 Negro girls.
More girls were handled for sex
offenses than boys. The number of
cases, reported for white girls was
53. Negro girls 45; white boys 38
and Negro boys 29.
Truancy, gambling, fighting, injury 
to persons and carrying dangerous 
weapons appeared more frequently 
among Negro boys than
Negro girls or white boys or girls.
Delinquency is believed to be
lower in Memphis and Shelby
County than in most cities and
counties comparable in size. However, 
it is regrettable that it is
greater among Negro than white
youth. This is no doubt due to
many factors: insufficient income,
lack of sufficient personnel working 
with youth, inadequate facilities, 
and the many limitations imposed 
by the community on the
Negro group.
Illegitimacy is extremely high
among female Negroes. A report
ascertained from the Shelby County 
Health Department reflects an
increase in the trend.
In 1955 there were 138 white illegitimate 
live births and 2,282 illegitimate 
Negro live births. The rate
of whites, per 1000 live births was
14.7 while the rate of Negroes was
279.0 per 1000.
In 1958, three years later, the
total white illegitimate live births
was 189, and the total illegitimate
Negro births was 2,137. The rate
of whites per 1000 live births was
20.7 while the rate of Negroes per

1000 live births was 287.
Neglect, desertion, illegitimacy
and delinquency are greater with
Negroes than with white. This situation 
must be corrected. The total
community must bear the responsibility. 
Many things can be done
such as: more social workers provided, 
case loads reduced, the development 
of an adequate public
assistance program, day care, centers 
for children, homemakers' services, 
and more family life education. 
These needs as well as many
others, require additional funds.
This can be done only by increased 
taxation.
In recent years many changes
have been made in public school
education, it is the belief of this
committee that the recommendations 
outlined in the Peabody report 
be followed. Many of the recommendations 
have been carried
out, but still there is much to be
done which demands the participation 
of the total community.
From a study of 234 Negro youths
of the Booker T. Washington High
School area; it was found that the
desire for summer employment is
great but the opportunities are
limted. Of 43 ninth grade boys, 15
years of age or over, one in three
reported holding some sort of job;
these appeared to be part-time. Of
50 girls reporting, one worked all
summer. At the 12th grade level,
there were still only a minority of
girls working — only one in seven
listed ful-time work outside the
home — four listed part-time. While
one-half to two-thirds of the 12th
grade boys reported they were
working; the desire for more summer 
jobs was evident. Nine of the
youngsters said when asked what
they wanted most to do, "work,
even without pay."
(Children and youth are assisted 
or deterred in achieving individual 
fulfillment by the social,
cultural, and economic resources
within their community.)
A partial, list includes:
Individual and counseling services 
to families and children —
Department of Public Welfare,
Children's Bureau, Family Service,
Juvenile Court, Youth Service,
Traveler's Aid Society.
Institutional Care — Goodwill
Homes.
Group work and recreational services 
— YMCA, YWCA. Girl Scouts,
Boy Scouts, a Salvation Army Unit,
Public Recreation.
Schools and one Library Unit —
a school safety education program.
public-and school health services

and facilities.
Job opportunities and placement
— Urban League and Employment
Security Office.
Religious organizations.
Since the purpose of the 1960
conference (White House) is to
promote opportunities for children
and youth to realize their full
potential for a creative life in freedom 
and dignity then the above
mentioned available resources need
to be extended, enlarged, and improved. 
Home for unmarried Negro
mothers. Facilities for emotionally
disturbed.
Tax supported cultural, civic, recreational 
and educational facilities 
should be made available to
all segments of the total population 
so that children and youth
can realize their full potential for
a creative life in freedom and dignity 
in the county in which they
live. This is not being done. The
Negro population is excluded from
many tax supported services.
The county can take the lead in
creating the proper climate for the
people (all the people) in order
that our children and youth (Negro) 
will have greater or equal opportunities 
in the future than they
have had in the past.
To be left out — not admitted
because of color has a damaging
psychological effect on our children 
and youth as well as it poses
a serious educational handicap to
our children. To have a feeling of
"not belonging" is a serious deterrent. 

These resources should be financed 
by City and County tax funds,
with appropriate help from Shelby
United Neighbors and local organizations. 

Existing agencies can be encouraged 
to re-design their services and
agencies to meet the changing
needs of the children and youth of
the community by including on their
boards, committees, etc., representatives 
of the not included group —
the Negro group — not as sitters in
but as participating, contributing,
members of the whole group. A
second important factor is for
Board and Administration Bodies
to be willing to change to meet
changing needs.
Until unanimity of the people
(all the people) of the city and
county is reached, the purpose of
the 1960 White House Conference
which is "to promote opportunities
for children and youth to realize
their full potential for creative "life
in freedom and dignity" will not
be met.

WHAT EFFECT DOES THE
LACK OF THESE RESOURCES
HAVE ON YOUR CHILDREN?

the responsibilities of marriage,
parenthood and family living.
Courses in family living can be
provided. Teenagers should have
available an abundance of wholesome 
literature relating to love,
marriage and family living. The
church should assume the responsibility 
for making practical Christianity 
in every day living.
One of the tests of a good place
to live is in the community's attitude 
toward its children and youth
and the resources available for
meeting their needs. We believe
that the factors affecting the lives
of our children are on the whole
conductive to effective growth and
development. However, there are,
as in most areas, influences which
we believe hinder the normal development 
of our younger citizens.
It is the purpose of this report
to identify only' a few of these
factors and to indicate, possible
methods of alleviating their adverse 
influences.
Perhaps the rapid growth in
population should be first mentioned. 
From 1950 to 1957 the population 
increased. 92,550. Of this increase. 
27,756 were non-white. During 
this period the white increased
23.4 percent and the Negro 18.9
percent.
The special census did not include 
the county. The Bartholomew 
report on population prepared
for the Board of Commissioners in
1955 gives the total population of
the county outside of Memphis as
108,312. In 1956 there were in the
county, outside Memphis 7,748 Negro 
male youth and 8,542 female
Negro youth between the ages of
12 and, 17 years. In '58 the city reported 
15,692 Negro youth between
the ages of 10 and 14 years.
The distribution pattern of population 
is even more significant than
its rapid growth. There has been a
heavy concentration in or near the
business district of the central city,
a thinning of population at the
edges of the city, and finally, a
scattering of the population in the
rural part of the county.
At the present time, movement is
occuring from the inner city to the
outer areas and into the county.
The Bartholomew report predicts
that in the next 25 years the city
is expected to double in size, and
almost half of this population increase 
will be in what is now county 
territory.
The movement of families with
children presents particular problems 
for planning. As families move,
resources frequently do not move
with them. Therefore, there are new
communities in the county and
outer-lying areas of the city which

do not have parks, playgrounds,
and other necessary services.
The lack of a county recreation
commission which would provide
the necessary park and playground
leadership and equipment has
meant improverished recreational
opportunities for these children and
youth. While the county Board of
Education has attempted to fill this
gap, the task is too great for complete 
coverage of the county.
This growth of population within 
the city and the county and the
shifting of population within the
larger community presents, pressures 
for the citizens, the schools
become crowded, new churches are
needed, civic life demands organization, 
leadership has to be found,
and most of all children become
lonely. Uprooted from their friends,
the adjustment to new situations
frequently brings a sense of detachment 
rather than belonging so
necessary for growth and development 
of our children and youth.
A report from the Juvenile Court
for 1957 on delinquent, complaints
revealed that a total of 3,404 cases
were handled in the city of Memphis. 
This count did not include
traffic cases. They totaled 1,985.
The report showed that unruly
conduct rated highest among all
complaints handled — 780 — 421
white boys; 57 white girls; 381 Negro 
boys and 101 Negro girls.
More girls were handled for sex
offenses than boys. The number of
cases, reported for white girls was
53. Negro girls 45; white boys 38
and Negro boys 29.
Truancy, gambling, fighting, injury 
to persons and carrying dangerous 
weapons appeared more frequently 
among Negro boys than
Negro girls or white boys or girls.
Delinquency is believed to be
lower in Memphis and Shelby
County than in most cities and
counties comparable in size. However, 
it is regrettable that it is
greater among Negro than white
youth. This is no doubt due to
many factors: insufficient income,
lack of sufficient personnel working 
with youth, inadequate facilities, 
and the many limitations imposed 
by the community on the
Negro group.
Illegitimacy is extremely high
among female Negroes. A report
ascertained from the Shelby County 
Health Department reflects an
increase in the trend.
In 1955 there were 138 white illegitimate 
live births and 2,282 illegitimate 
Negro live births. The rate
of whites, per 1000 live births was
14.7 while the rate of Negroes was
279.0 per 1000.
In 1958, three years later, the
total white illegitimate live births
was 189, and the total illegitimate
Negro births was 2,137. The rate
of whites per 1000 live births was
20.7 while the rate of Negroes per

1000 live births was 287.
Neglect, desertion, illegitimacy
and delinquency are greater with
Negroes than with white. This situation 
must be corrected. The total
community must bear the responsibility. 
Many things can be done
such as: more social workers provided, 
case loads reduced, the development 
of an adequate public
assistance program, day care, centers 
for children, homemakers' services, 
and more family life education. 
These needs as well as many
others, require additional funds.
This can be done only by increased 
taxation.
In recent years many changes
have been made in public school
education, it is the belief of this
committee that the recommendations 
outlined in the Peabody report 
be followed. Many of the recommendations 
have been carried
out, but still there is much to be
done which demands the participation 
of the total community.
From a study of 234 Negro youths
of the Booker T. Washington High
School area; it was found that the
desire for summer employment is
great but the opportunities are
limted. Of 43 ninth grade boys, 15
years of age or over, one in three
reported holding some sort of job;
these appeared to be part-time. Of
50 girls reporting, one worked all
summer. At the 12th grade level,
there were still only a minority of
girls working — only one in seven
listed ful-time work outside the
home — four listed part-time. While
one-half to two-thirds of the 12th
grade boys reported they were
working; the desire for more summer 
jobs was evident. Nine of the
youngsters said when asked what
they wanted most to do, "work,
even without pay."
(Children and youth are assisted 
or deterred in achieving individual 
fulfillment by the social,
cultural, and economic resources
within their community.)
A partial, list includes:
Individual and counseling services 
to families and children —
Department of Public Welfare,
Children's Bureau, Family Service,
Juvenile Court, Youth Service,
Traveler's Aid Society.
Institutional Care — Goodwill
Homes.
Group work and recreational services 
— YMCA, YWCA. Girl Scouts,
Boy Scouts, a Salvation Army Unit,
Public Recreation.
Schools and one Library Unit —
a school safety education program.
public-and school health services

and facilities.
Job opportunities and placement
— Urban League and Employment
Security Office.
Religious organizations.
Since the purpose of the 1960
conference (White House) is to
promote opportunities for children
and youth to realize their full
potential for a creative life in freedom 
and dignity then the above
mentioned available resources need
to be extended, enlarged, and improved. 
Home for unmarried Negro
mothers. Facilities for emotionally
disturbed.
Tax supported cultural, civic, recreational 
and educational facilities 
should be made available to
all segments of the total population 
so that children and youth
can realize their full potential for
a creative life in freedom and dignity 
in the county in which they
live. This is not being done. The
Negro population is excluded from
many tax supported services.
The county can take the lead in
creating the proper climate for the
people (all the people) in order
that our children and youth (Negro) 
will have greater or equal opportunities 
in the future than they
have had in the past.
To be left out — not admitted
because of color has a damaging
psychological effect on our children 
and youth as well as it poses
a serious educational handicap to
our children. To have a feeling of
"not belonging" is a serious deterrent. 

These resources should be financed 
by City and County tax funds,
with appropriate help from Shelby
United Neighbors and local organizations. 

Existing agencies can be encouraged 
to re-design their services and
agencies to meet the changing
needs of the children and youth of
the community by including on their
boards, committees, etc., representatives 
of the not included group —
the Negro group — not as sitters in
but as participating, contributing,
members of the whole group. A
second important factor is for
Board and Administration Bodies
to be willing to change to meet
changing needs.
Until unanimity of the people
(all the people) of the city and
county is reached, the purpose of
the 1960 White House Conference
which is "to promote opportunities
for children and youth to realize
their full potential for creative "life
in freedom and dignity" will not
be met.

HOW CAN THESE ADDITIONAL
RESOURCES BE FINANCED?

the responsibilities of marriage,
parenthood and family living.
Courses in family living can be
provided. Teenagers should have
available an abundance of wholesome 
literature relating to love,
marriage and family living. The
church should assume the responsibility 
for making practical Christianity 
in every day living.
One of the tests of a good place
to live is in the community's attitude 
toward its children and youth
and the resources available for
meeting their needs. We believe
that the factors affecting the lives
of our children are on the whole
conductive to effective growth and
development. However, there are,
as in most areas, influences which
we believe hinder the normal development 
of our younger citizens.
It is the purpose of this report
to identify only' a few of these
factors and to indicate, possible
methods of alleviating their adverse 
influences.
Perhaps the rapid growth in
population should be first mentioned. 
From 1950 to 1957 the population 
increased. 92,550. Of this increase. 
27,756 were non-white. During 
this period the white increased
23.4 percent and the Negro 18.9
percent.
The special census did not include 
the county. The Bartholomew 
report on population prepared
for the Board of Commissioners in
1955 gives the total population of
the county outside of Memphis as
108,312. In 1956 there were in the
county, outside Memphis 7,748 Negro 
male youth and 8,542 female
Negro youth between the ages of
12 and, 17 years. In '58 the city reported 
15,692 Negro youth between
the ages of 10 and 14 years.
The distribution pattern of population 
is even more significant than
its rapid growth. There has been a
heavy concentration in or near the
business district of the central city,
a thinning of population at the
edges of the city, and finally, a
scattering of the population in the
rural part of the county.
At the present time, movement is
occuring from the inner city to the
outer areas and into the county.
The Bartholomew report predicts
that in the next 25 years the city
is expected to double in size, and
almost half of this population increase 
will be in what is now county 
territory.
The movement of families with
children presents particular problems 
for planning. As families move,
resources frequently do not move
with them. Therefore, there are new
communities in the county and
outer-lying areas of the city which

do not have parks, playgrounds,
and other necessary services.
The lack of a county recreation
commission which would provide
the necessary park and playground
leadership and equipment has
meant improverished recreational
opportunities for these children and
youth. While the county Board of
Education has attempted to fill this
gap, the task is too great for complete 
coverage of the county.
This growth of population within 
the city and the county and the
shifting of population within the
larger community presents, pressures 
for the citizens, the schools
become crowded, new churches are
needed, civic life demands organization, 
leadership has to be found,
and most of all children become
lonely. Uprooted from their friends,
the adjustment to new situations
frequently brings a sense of detachment 
rather than belonging so
necessary for growth and development 
of our children and youth.
A report from the Juvenile Court
for 1957 on delinquent, complaints
revealed that a total of 3,404 cases
were handled in the city of Memphis. 
This count did not include
traffic cases. They totaled 1,985.
The report showed that unruly
conduct rated highest among all
complaints handled — 780 — 421
white boys; 57 white girls; 381 Negro 
boys and 101 Negro girls.
More girls were handled for sex
offenses than boys. The number of
cases, reported for white girls was
53. Negro girls 45; white boys 38
and Negro boys 29.
Truancy, gambling, fighting, injury 
to persons and carrying dangerous 
weapons appeared more frequently 
among Negro boys than
Negro girls or white boys or girls.
Delinquency is believed to be
lower in Memphis and Shelby
County than in most cities and
counties comparable in size. However, 
it is regrettable that it is
greater among Negro than white
youth. This is no doubt due to
many factors: insufficient income,
lack of sufficient personnel working 
with youth, inadequate facilities, 
and the many limitations imposed 
by the community on the
Negro group.
Illegitimacy is extremely high
among female Negroes. A report
ascertained from the Shelby County 
Health Department reflects an
increase in the trend.
In 1955 there were 138 white illegitimate 
live births and 2,282 illegitimate 
Negro live births. The rate
of whites, per 1000 live births was
14.7 while the rate of Negroes was
279.0 per 1000.
In 1958, three years later, the
total white illegitimate live births
was 189, and the total illegitimate
Negro births was 2,137. The rate
of whites per 1000 live births was
20.7 while the rate of Negroes per

1000 live births was 287.
Neglect, desertion, illegitimacy
and delinquency are greater with
Negroes than with white. This situation 
must be corrected. The total
community must bear the responsibility. 
Many things can be done
such as: more social workers provided, 
case loads reduced, the development 
of an adequate public
assistance program, day care, centers 
for children, homemakers' services, 
and more family life education. 
These needs as well as many
others, require additional funds.
This can be done only by increased 
taxation.
In recent years many changes
have been made in public school
education, it is the belief of this
committee that the recommendations 
outlined in the Peabody report 
be followed. Many of the recommendations 
have been carried
out, but still there is much to be
done which demands the participation 
of the total community.
From a study of 234 Negro youths
of the Booker T. Washington High
School area; it was found that the
desire for summer employment is
great but the opportunities are
limted. Of 43 ninth grade boys, 15
years of age or over, one in three
reported holding some sort of job;
these appeared to be part-time. Of
50 girls reporting, one worked all
summer. At the 12th grade level,
there were still only a minority of
girls working — only one in seven
listed ful-time work outside the
home — four listed part-time. While
one-half to two-thirds of the 12th
grade boys reported they were
working; the desire for more summer 
jobs was evident. Nine of the
youngsters said when asked what
they wanted most to do, "work,
even without pay."
(Children and youth are assisted 
or deterred in achieving individual 
fulfillment by the social,
cultural, and economic resources
within their community.)
A partial, list includes:
Individual and counseling services 
to families and children —
Department of Public Welfare,
Children's Bureau, Family Service,
Juvenile Court, Youth Service,
Traveler's Aid Society.
Institutional Care — Goodwill
Homes.
Group work and recreational services 
— YMCA, YWCA. Girl Scouts,
Boy Scouts, a Salvation Army Unit,
Public Recreation.
Schools and one Library Unit —
a school safety education program.
public-and school health services

and facilities.
Job opportunities and placement
— Urban League and Employment
Security Office.
Religious organizations.
Since the purpose of the 1960
conference (White House) is to
promote opportunities for children
and youth to realize their full
potential for a creative life in freedom 
and dignity then the above
mentioned available resources need
to be extended, enlarged, and improved. 
Home for unmarried Negro
mothers. Facilities for emotionally
disturbed.
Tax supported cultural, civic, recreational 
and educational facilities 
should be made available to
all segments of the total population 
so that children and youth
can realize their full potential for
a creative life in freedom and dignity 
in the county in which they
live. This is not being done. The
Negro population is excluded from
many tax supported services.
The county can take the lead in
creating the proper climate for the
people (all the people) in order
that our children and youth (Negro) 
will have greater or equal opportunities 
in the future than they
have had in the past.
To be left out — not admitted
because of color has a damaging
psychological effect on our children 
and youth as well as it poses
a serious educational handicap to
our children. To have a feeling of
"not belonging" is a serious deterrent. 

These resources should be financed 
by City and County tax funds,
with appropriate help from Shelby
United Neighbors and local organizations. 

Existing agencies can be encouraged 
to re-design their services and
agencies to meet the changing
needs of the children and youth of
the community by including on their
boards, committees, etc., representatives 
of the not included group —
the Negro group — not as sitters in
but as participating, contributing,
members of the whole group. A
second important factor is for
Board and Administration Bodies
to be willing to change to meet
changing needs.
Until unanimity of the people
(all the people) of the city and
county is reached, the purpose of
the 1960 White House Conference
which is "to promote opportunities
for children and youth to realize
their full potential for creative "life
in freedom and dignity" will not
be met.

HOW CAN EXISTING AGENCIES
BE ENCOURAGED TO RE-
DESIGN THEIR SERVICES

the responsibilities of marriage,
parenthood and family living.
Courses in family living can be
provided. Teenagers should have
available an abundance of wholesome 
literature relating to love,
marriage and family living. The
church should assume the responsibility 
for making practical Christianity 
in every day living.
One of the tests of a good place
to live is in the community's attitude 
toward its children and youth
and the resources available for
meeting their needs. We believe
that the factors affecting the lives
of our children are on the whole
conductive to effective growth and
development. However, there are,
as in most areas, influences which
we believe hinder the normal development 
of our younger citizens.
It is the purpose of this report
to identify only' a few of these
factors and to indicate, possible
methods of alleviating their adverse 
influences.
Perhaps the rapid growth in
population should be first mentioned. 
From 1950 to 1957 the population 
increased. 92,550. Of this increase. 
27,756 were non-white. During 
this period the white increased
23.4 percent and the Negro 18.9
percent.
The special census did not include 
the county. The Bartholomew 
report on population prepared
for the Board of Commissioners in
1955 gives the total population of
the county outside of Memphis as
108,312. In 1956 there were in the
county, outside Memphis 7,748 Negro 
male youth and 8,542 female
Negro youth between the ages of
12 and, 17 years. In '58 the city reported 
15,692 Negro youth between
the ages of 10 and 14 years.
The distribution pattern of population 
is even more significant than
its rapid growth. There has been a
heavy concentration in or near the
business district of the central city,
a thinning of population at the
edges of the city, and finally, a
scattering of the population in the
rural part of the county.
At the present time, movement is
occuring from the inner city to the
outer areas and into the county.
The Bartholomew report predicts
that in the next 25 years the city
is expected to double in size, and
almost half of this population increase 
will be in what is now county 
territory.
The movement of families with
children presents particular problems 
for planning. As families move,
resources frequently do not move
with them. Therefore, there are new
communities in the county and
outer-lying areas of the city which

do not have parks, playgrounds,
and other necessary services.
The lack of a county recreation
commission which would provide
the necessary park and playground
leadership and equipment has
meant improverished recreational
opportunities for these children and
youth. While the county Board of
Education has attempted to fill this
gap, the task is too great for complete 
coverage of the county.
This growth of population within 
the city and the county and the
shifting of population within the
larger community presents, pressures 
for the citizens, the schools
become crowded, new churches are
needed, civic life demands organization, 
leadership has to be found,
and most of all children become
lonely. Uprooted from their friends,
the adjustment to new situations
frequently brings a sense of detachment 
rather than belonging so
necessary for growth and development 
of our children and youth.
A report from the Juvenile Court
for 1957 on delinquent, complaints
revealed that a total of 3,404 cases
were handled in the city of Memphis. 
This count did not include
traffic cases. They totaled 1,985.
The report showed that unruly
conduct rated highest among all
complaints handled — 780 — 421
white boys; 57 white girls; 381 Negro 
boys and 101 Negro girls.
More girls were handled for sex
offenses than boys. The number of
cases, reported for white girls was
53. Negro girls 45; white boys 38
and Negro boys 29.
Truancy, gambling, fighting, injury 
to persons and carrying dangerous 
weapons appeared more frequently 
among Negro boys than
Negro girls or white boys or girls.
Delinquency is believed to be
lower in Memphis and Shelby
County than in most cities and
counties comparable in size. However, 
it is regrettable that it is
greater among Negro than white
youth. This is no doubt due to
many factors: insufficient income,
lack of sufficient personnel working 
with youth, inadequate facilities, 
and the many limitations imposed 
by the community on the
Negro group.
Illegitimacy is extremely high
among female Negroes. A report
ascertained from the Shelby County 
Health Department reflects an
increase in the trend.
In 1955 there were 138 white illegitimate 
live births and 2,282 illegitimate 
Negro live births. The rate
of whites, per 1000 live births was
14.7 while the rate of Negroes was
279.0 per 1000.
In 1958, three years later, the
total white illegitimate live births
was 189, and the total illegitimate
Negro births was 2,137. The rate
of whites per 1000 live births was
20.7 while the rate of Negroes per

1000 live births was 287.
Neglect, desertion, illegitimacy
and delinquency are greater with
Negroes than with white. This situation 
must be corrected. The total
community must bear the responsibility. 
Many things can be done
such as: more social workers provided, 
case loads reduced, the development 
of an adequate public
assistance program, day care, centers 
for children, homemakers' services, 
and more family life education. 
These needs as well as many
others, require additional funds.
This can be done only by increased 
taxation.
In recent years many changes
have been made in public school
education, it is the belief of this
committee that the recommendations 
outlined in the Peabody report 
be followed. Many of the recommendations 
have been carried
out, but still there is much to be
done which demands the participation 
of the total community.
From a study of 234 Negro youths
of the Booker T. Washington High
School area; it was found that the
desire for summer employment is
great but the opportunities are
limted. Of 43 ninth grade boys, 15
years of age or over, one in three
reported holding some sort of job;
these appeared to be part-time. Of
50 girls reporting, one worked all
summer. At the 12th grade level,
there were still only a minority of
girls working — only one in seven
listed ful-time work outside the
home — four listed part-time. While
one-half to two-thirds of the 12th
grade boys reported they were
working; the desire for more summer 
jobs was evident. Nine of the
youngsters said when asked what
they wanted most to do, "work,
even without pay."
(Children and youth are assisted 
or deterred in achieving individual 
fulfillment by the social,
cultural, and economic resources
within their community.)
A partial, list includes:
Individual and counseling services 
to families and children —
Department of Public Welfare,
Children's Bureau, Family Service,
Juvenile Court, Youth Service,
Traveler's Aid Society.
Institutional Care — Goodwill
Homes.
Group work and recreational services 
— YMCA, YWCA. Girl Scouts,
Boy Scouts, a Salvation Army Unit,
Public Recreation.
Schools and one Library Unit —
a school safety education program.
public-and school health services

and facilities.
Job opportunities and placement
— Urban League and Employment
Security Office.
Religious organizations.
Since the purpose of the 1960
conference (White House) is to
promote opportunities for children
and youth to realize their full
potential for a creative life in freedom 
and dignity then the above
mentioned available resources need
to be extended, enlarged, and improved. 
Home for unmarried Negro
mothers. Facilities for emotionally
disturbed.
Tax supported cultural, civic, recreational 
and educational facilities 
should be made available to
all segments of the total population 
so that children and youth
can realize their full potential for
a creative life in freedom and dignity 
in the county in which they
live. This is not being done. The
Negro population is excluded from
many tax supported services.
The county can take the lead in
creating the proper climate for the
people (all the people) in order
that our children and youth (Negro) 
will have greater or equal opportunities 
in the future than they
have had in the past.
To be left out — not admitted
because of color has a damaging
psychological effect on our children 
and youth as well as it poses
a serious educational handicap to
our children. To have a feeling of
"not belonging" is a serious deterrent. 

These resources should be financed 
by City and County tax funds,
with appropriate help from Shelby
United Neighbors and local organizations. 

Existing agencies can be encouraged 
to re-design their services and
agencies to meet the changing
needs of the children and youth of
the community by including on their
boards, committees, etc., representatives 
of the not included group —
the Negro group — not as sitters in
but as participating, contributing,
members of the whole group. A
second important factor is for
Board and Administration Bodies
to be willing to change to meet
changing needs.
Until unanimity of the people
(all the people) of the city and
county is reached, the purpose of
the 1960 White House Conference
which is "to promote opportunities
for children and youth to realize
their full potential for creative "life
in freedom and dignity" will not
be met.

SEEING and SAYING
By WILLIAM FOWLKES
World's Managing Editor
THE "VOICE OF AMERICA," which is broadcasting our nation's 
story to the foreign world, is truly trying to win friends,
as over against other ideologies now circulating among mankind. 


ACCORDING TO OBSERVERS, the "desire
to know" by these black, brawn and yellow
peoples is dramatic. For hours they will sit before a batteryoperated 
radio set, turning from "Voice of America" to "Voice of
Russia" and back again, listening to the "Voice of China" and
the other powers beaming their way.
They are comparing the propaganda, sifting, out the truth
detecting the lies, in the face of the real news of the day from
the nation trying to win them over with beautiful words and
promises.
The music to their ears is not the instrumental and vocal
soothings, well programmed or casual. It is the expression of
ideas and human aspirations in line with their national quest
for freedom and independence.

On whose side these people will end largely depends on
the effectiveness of the "Voice of America" broadcasts, as over
against the "Voice of Russia," and the deeds of both of them,
together with aid and cultural programs, reflecting human consideration 
and kindness.

Trying To Win Friends
By WILLIAM FOWLKES
World's Managing Editor
THE "VOICE OF AMERICA," which is broadcasting our nation's 
story to the foreign world, is truly trying to win friends,
as over against other ideologies now circulating among mankind. 


ACCORDING TO OBSERVERS, the "desire
to know" by these black, brawn and yellow
peoples is dramatic. For hours they will sit before a batteryoperated 
radio set, turning from "Voice of America" to "Voice of
Russia" and back again, listening to the "Voice of China" and
the other powers beaming their way.
They are comparing the propaganda, sifting, out the truth
detecting the lies, in the face of the real news of the day from
the nation trying to win them over with beautiful words and
promises.
The music to their ears is not the instrumental and vocal
soothings, well programmed or casual. It is the expression of
ideas and human aspirations in line with their national quest
for freedom and independence.

On whose side these people will end largely depends on
the effectiveness of the "Voice of America" broadcasts, as over
against the "Voice of Russia," and the deeds of both of them,
together with aid and cultural programs, reflecting human consideration 
and kindness.

Supreme Court Takes

Simkins, Jr., Joseph Sturdivant,
Samuel Murray and Elijah H. Herring. 

The Gillespie Part golf course
was built in 1940 by the City of
Greensboro with a 65 per cent
grant of the cost by the Works
Progress Administration. The agreement 
of the City of Greensboro
and the Greensboro Board of Education 
with the Federal Government 
provided that the course would
be public and would not be leased
to a private individual.
The Greensboro Board of Education 
leased its interest in the
course to the City of Greensboro.
The course was operated exclusively 
for whites. Colored persons began 
demanding the right to play
on it in 1949.

Crawford Given

as Wesley and Arthur M. Townsend, 
M. D., St, Louis; Walter
Wren, San Antonio, Texas; David
B. Garner, Sammie T. Henderson,
Arthur Robert King and Charley
Wardley, Dallas Texas; James T.
Walker, Irvin H. Kilkrease, Jr.,
William A. Newson, Nashville
Tenn.; John Taylor Williams, Geo.
L. Russell, Arthur E. Choate; Aaron
Williams, Jr., Walter H. Rice, John
F. Cole, Eugene Summerow, Baltimore; 
L. W. Easterling, Collins,
Miss.; A. R. Richardson, Memphis;
Rev. George D. Carnes, Fayetteville, 
N. C.: Johnnie White, Jr., and
Dr. Haywood N. Doty, New Bern,
N. C.; James Garfield Trott. Dr.
Samuel E. Duncan, Salisbury, N.
C.; Dr. Robert T. Allen, WinstonSalem, 
N. C.; Harry Andrew Brewer, 
Los Angeles; Robert J. Holden
Louisville; W. K. Payne, Savannah,
Ga.
Among those who addressed the
meeting were Commander George
W. Crawford and Lieut. Commander 
Leland French of the Northern 
Jurisdiction; Attorney Thurgood 
Marshall; Booker T. Alexander. 
Imperial Potentate of the Mystic 
Shrine; Amos T. Hall, president 
of the Grand Masters Conference 
Prince Hall Masons; Lem
Foster, D. S. Savings Bond Division 
and others.

MEMPHIS WORLD

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