Memphis World
Memphis World Publishing Co.
1956-03-09
Raymond F. Tisby

Stop A Fire Before It Starts
(From The Christian Science Monitor)
Make no mistake; positions on the segregation issue are
hardening, tensions are rising, temperatures are going up. The
trouble at the moment centers in the Deep South, in the state of
Alabama in the cities of Tuscoloosa and Montgomery, But rising
tensions widen excitement. Higher temperatures can cause combustion. 
And fires spread.
For these reasons what Governor Folsom has proposed for
Alabama and Adlai Stevenson has urged for the entire nation
bring notes of sanity into a situation fast becoming far too emotional. 
They both propose biracial commissions, that for Alabama
to be appointed presumably by Governor Folsom himself. And
Mr. Stevenson calls on President Eisenhower to name one for the
whole country.
Such steps should receive the strongest possible support from
every thinking person.
What might such commissions accomplish in today's situation? 
"Study commissions" are sometimes set up as devices to postpone 
definitive action. But these should not be primarily study
commissions. They should provide concentrations of leadership for
both races toward reasonable thinking, toward cooling tempers,
and away from bitter resentments and frantic fears.
Some observers have asked whether there is time or room
for compromise between hostile positions already so far advanced. 
There is more room but perhaps less time than one might
think. Compromise, however, may not be the first business. The
first necessity may be to agree to disagree for the time being.
Important as may be full abolition of segregation to some
Negroes, as complete preservation of separateness may be to some
whites, there is a greater value, greater to everyone, at stake.
That is the unity of these United Stoles and of the people .who
dwell within them.
The two races, now with some 144,000,000 whites and 16,000,000 
Negroes, will have to continue living side by side, in
North and South alike, for time out of mind. Are they going to
live in peace and friendliness or in conflict and bitterness? Not
so much how the segregation issue is finally worked out as how
that working out is approached is likely to form the answer.
Respected and trusted commissions might do much to per
suade the leadership of both races to compromise not on principles 
but on pressures, and that to push temporary advantages
and win local skirmishes could lose for each the goals it seeks.
Those goals' are no longer "white supremacy" in the sense
come whites have meant nor racial "integration" as, no doubt,
come Negroes have defined it. The goal for all is a modus vivendi
in which races and individuals ore neither kept apart nor forced
together by low - in which voluntary association and disassocia
tion both are given the freest play.

Dixie School

the District of Columbia. Also, in
the first survey of its kind since
1952, the paper reported that Negro 
enrollments have declined percentagewise 
in 10 of the 17 .states
during the last four years.
In most Instances the declines
are fractional, and Negro enrollment 
relative to total enrollment
for the whole region had dropped
only 0.2 per cent since 1952 Small
to substantial declines were noted
percentagewise In Alabama, Florida, 
Georgia, Louisiana. Mississippi,
North Carolina. South Carolina.
Texts, Virginia and West Virginia.
Southern School News reported
that Georgia. Mississippi, South
Carolina and Virginia went on record 
in February with varying resolutions 
Interpreted either as
"protests," "interposition," or "nullification." 
The Alabama resolution, 
holding the Supreme Court
decisions, against public school
segregation "null, void and of no
effect." was adopted in January.
The paper said the past month
was highlighted by legislative action 
in five states where pro-segregation 
legislation dominated the
scene and by a federal court decision 
in Louisiana' invalidating
that s'ate's recently-enacted school
segregation laws.
The Louisiana case, it was pointed 
out, was the first test thus far
in the South of protective legislation 
enacted after the original Supreme 
Court decision of May 17
1954.
Of the 266,000 Negro students in
"integrated situations," 81,975 are,
in Maryland, 66,877 are in the Distriet 
of Columbia and 57,000 are in
Missouri. The term "integrated
situations" was held to cover Negro 
pupils (1) now attending formerly 
all-white schools; (2) attending' 
formerly all-Negro schools
which whites .have entered and
(3) eligible to attend mixed schools
in officially desegregated -districts
bat not electing for one reason or
another to do so
Southern School News reports
regularly In a factual manner on
developments following the Supreme
Court decisions through a corps of
W correspondents in the southern
region. Its current, summary of
major developments in this area
state-by-state follows:
ALABAMA—The legislature jjoi
The legislature adopted a "freedom 
of choice" school enrollment
plan—which may lead to the creation 
of three types of raciallyaligned 
school systems—as the
state discussed the Autherine Lucy
cue. (A complete chronological
story of the case will be found in
this month's Alabama report.) At
Montgomery, Gov. James Folsom
caned for a bi-racial commission
to settle" race conflicts and issued
a strong statement in support of
segregation.
A suit was filed by the NAACP

in Little Rock to test that community's 
"gradual" plan for desegreation 
while the Justice Department 
announced that it would
enter the celebrated Hoxie casethe 
first such action by the executive 
branch in support of the Supreme 
Court decisions.
Wilmington (Negro school ratio:
about 34 per cent) announced complete 
desegregation this fall. The
AACP intimated it would tile a
umber of law suits in solidly-segregated 
south Delaware.
School officials have answered
"how-is-it-going?" queries from
parents, saying among other things
that desegregation is a "success"
where there is no more than one
Negro to each three white children
in a school but where Negroes are
in a majority there are "serious"
problems.
SSN Correspondent Bert Collier
reported segregation had become an
important issue in the forthcoming
gubernatorial campaign with Gov
LeRoy Collins warning that Florida
cannot afford an orgy of race
conflict and discord."
The legislature has passed five
the Griffin administration's prosegregation 
bills strengthening the
sale's stand against integration as
well as a resolution declaring the
Supreme Court decisions "null and
void and of no effect."
Louisville's school board has approved 
a plan for desegregation of
he elementary schools this fall
and is considering a plan for 13
junior high schools. Several additional 
districts in Kentucky arc
moving toward desegregation by
plan or action.
State officials are planning an
appeal from a three-Judge federal
court which overthrew Louisiana's
recently enacted school segregation
laws-the first test of its kind in
the country-and will draft legislation 
to still the breach." Mean
while, 'New Orleans Catholics have
been told again that parochial
schools must be desegregated.
Howard County's (20 per cent
Negro) desegregation study group
recommended desegregation for the
fall term as the NAACP threatened 
suits in every count; in which
plans to desegregate are not put
into effect by September.
A resolution of interposition -was
introduced in the legislature Feb
29 following passage of four of
seven bilk sponsored by the Legal
Educational Advisory Commission
to strengthen segregation As a
Mississippi editor called for "positive 
thinking" on the school question. 
Gov. J. p. Coleman said he
would close any school forced by
the courts to accept Negro students. 

A study of elementary schools in
St. Louts has shown that integra,tion 
does not wipe out racial dif

ferences overnight, and neither does
it create "insuperable problem"" of
child behavior.
Gov Luther Hodges, announcing
for his first full-term candidacy.
gave an inkling of legislation he
would advocate, including tuition
grants of transfers "along the lines
of the Virginia proposal." An appeal 
to the U. S. Supreme Court
was filed in the University of
North Carolina case Three Negro
undergraduates admitted there told
a newsman they had encountered
no obstacles in their student careers 
begun in September.
The state Board of Education
has adopted a new transportation
policy designed to speed up integration 
and make it more profitable 
budget-wise to local school
districts.
As the legislature busied itself
with a myriad of new bils to
strengthen the state's official protest 
against the U. S. Supreme
Court decisions omitting the words
interposition" or "nullification."
Calls for "moderation" were being
ing voiced while Nashville and
Davidson County boards were reported 
to be considering gradual
desegregation plans beginning at
the fir: t grade and working up a
year at a time.
Gov. Allan Shivers has suggested 
a statewide referendum on interposition, 
with an eye to state
regulation of the oil and gas industries 
as well as segregation. The
Kerrville board—apparently the
66th in Texas—disclosed plans for
a three-year desegregation program 
involving about 100 Negro
scholastics. The NAACP announced 
it would attack segregated
schooling all through Texas. In
Houston (the nation's largest segregated 
school system) the school
board held a six-hoar desegregation 
hearing Feb. 27 but reached
no conclusions.
The legislature overwhelming
approved an interposition resolution 
The state's attorney general
held the resolution cannot be used
as a legal defense in the Prince
Edward County case (one of the
original five cases retching the U.
S. Supreme Court) and does not
enforcement of the court's
decision, though he praised it as a
protest Arlington County, which
had announced desegregation plans
land what was In effect prohibitive 
legislation in the General Astembly. 

An NAACP suit was filed in McDowell 
County though the school
board apparently had decided on a
program of desegregation. A Charleston 
newspaper reported editorially 
that with the opening of next
fall's term, pupils in "every one of
our 55 counties will be attending
mixed classes"
Columbus. Ohio — John Blackborn, 
who now lives in Alexandria,
had his 17.jewel watch stolen 15
Years ago, while living in Columbus 
Recently detectives located the
watch in a routine check at pawnshops 
and sent it to Blackburn.

ALABAMA

the District of Columbia. Also, in
the first survey of its kind since
1952, the paper reported that Negro 
enrollments have declined percentagewise 
in 10 of the 17 .states
during the last four years.
In most Instances the declines
are fractional, and Negro enrollment 
relative to total enrollment
for the whole region had dropped
only 0.2 per cent since 1952 Small
to substantial declines were noted
percentagewise In Alabama, Florida, 
Georgia, Louisiana. Mississippi,
North Carolina. South Carolina.
Texts, Virginia and West Virginia.
Southern School News reported
that Georgia. Mississippi, South
Carolina and Virginia went on record 
in February with varying resolutions 
Interpreted either as
"protests," "interposition," or "nullification." 
The Alabama resolution, 
holding the Supreme Court
decisions, against public school
segregation "null, void and of no
effect." was adopted in January.
The paper said the past month
was highlighted by legislative action 
in five states where pro-segregation 
legislation dominated the
scene and by a federal court decision 
in Louisiana' invalidating
that s'ate's recently-enacted school
segregation laws.
The Louisiana case, it was pointed 
out, was the first test thus far
in the South of protective legislation 
enacted after the original Supreme 
Court decision of May 17
1954.
Of the 266,000 Negro students in
"integrated situations," 81,975 are,
in Maryland, 66,877 are in the Distriet 
of Columbia and 57,000 are in
Missouri. The term "integrated
situations" was held to cover Negro 
pupils (1) now attending formerly 
all-white schools; (2) attending' 
formerly all-Negro schools
which whites .have entered and
(3) eligible to attend mixed schools
in officially desegregated -districts
bat not electing for one reason or
another to do so
Southern School News reports
regularly In a factual manner on
developments following the Supreme
Court decisions through a corps of
W correspondents in the southern
region. Its current, summary of
major developments in this area
state-by-state follows:
ALABAMA—The legislature jjoi
The legislature adopted a "freedom 
of choice" school enrollment
plan—which may lead to the creation 
of three types of raciallyaligned 
school systems—as the
state discussed the Autherine Lucy
cue. (A complete chronological
story of the case will be found in
this month's Alabama report.) At
Montgomery, Gov. James Folsom
caned for a bi-racial commission
to settle" race conflicts and issued
a strong statement in support of
segregation.
A suit was filed by the NAACP

in Little Rock to test that community's 
"gradual" plan for desegreation 
while the Justice Department 
announced that it would
enter the celebrated Hoxie casethe 
first such action by the executive 
branch in support of the Supreme 
Court decisions.
Wilmington (Negro school ratio:
about 34 per cent) announced complete 
desegregation this fall. The
AACP intimated it would tile a
umber of law suits in solidly-segregated 
south Delaware.
School officials have answered
"how-is-it-going?" queries from
parents, saying among other things
that desegregation is a "success"
where there is no more than one
Negro to each three white children
in a school but where Negroes are
in a majority there are "serious"
problems.
SSN Correspondent Bert Collier
reported segregation had become an
important issue in the forthcoming
gubernatorial campaign with Gov
LeRoy Collins warning that Florida
cannot afford an orgy of race
conflict and discord."
The legislature has passed five
the Griffin administration's prosegregation 
bills strengthening the
sale's stand against integration as
well as a resolution declaring the
Supreme Court decisions "null and
void and of no effect."
Louisville's school board has approved 
a plan for desegregation of
he elementary schools this fall
and is considering a plan for 13
junior high schools. Several additional 
districts in Kentucky arc
moving toward desegregation by
plan or action.
State officials are planning an
appeal from a three-Judge federal
court which overthrew Louisiana's
recently enacted school segregation
laws-the first test of its kind in
the country-and will draft legislation 
to still the breach." Mean
while, 'New Orleans Catholics have
been told again that parochial
schools must be desegregated.
Howard County's (20 per cent
Negro) desegregation study group
recommended desegregation for the
fall term as the NAACP threatened 
suits in every count; in which
plans to desegregate are not put
into effect by September.
A resolution of interposition -was
introduced in the legislature Feb
29 following passage of four of
seven bilk sponsored by the Legal
Educational Advisory Commission
to strengthen segregation As a
Mississippi editor called for "positive 
thinking" on the school question. 
Gov. J. p. Coleman said he
would close any school forced by
the courts to accept Negro students. 

A study of elementary schools in
St. Louts has shown that integra,tion 
does not wipe out racial dif

ferences overnight, and neither does
it create "insuperable problem"" of
child behavior.
Gov Luther Hodges, announcing
for his first full-term candidacy.
gave an inkling of legislation he
would advocate, including tuition
grants of transfers "along the lines
of the Virginia proposal." An appeal 
to the U. S. Supreme Court
was filed in the University of
North Carolina case Three Negro
undergraduates admitted there told
a newsman they had encountered
no obstacles in their student careers 
begun in September.
The state Board of Education
has adopted a new transportation
policy designed to speed up integration 
and make it more profitable 
budget-wise to local school
districts.
As the legislature busied itself
with a myriad of new bils to
strengthen the state's official protest 
against the U. S. Supreme
Court decisions omitting the words
interposition" or "nullification."
Calls for "moderation" were being
ing voiced while Nashville and
Davidson County boards were reported 
to be considering gradual
desegregation plans beginning at
the fir: t grade and working up a
year at a time.
Gov. Allan Shivers has suggested 
a statewide referendum on interposition, 
with an eye to state
regulation of the oil and gas industries 
as well as segregation. The
Kerrville board—apparently the
66th in Texas—disclosed plans for
a three-year desegregation program 
involving about 100 Negro
scholastics. The NAACP announced 
it would attack segregated
schooling all through Texas. In
Houston (the nation's largest segregated 
school system) the school
board held a six-hoar desegregation 
hearing Feb. 27 but reached
no conclusions.
The legislature overwhelming
approved an interposition resolution 
The state's attorney general
held the resolution cannot be used
as a legal defense in the Prince
Edward County case (one of the
original five cases retching the U.
S. Supreme Court) and does not
enforcement of the court's
decision, though he praised it as a
protest Arlington County, which
had announced desegregation plans
land what was In effect prohibitive 
legislation in the General Astembly. 

An NAACP suit was filed in McDowell 
County though the school
board apparently had decided on a
program of desegregation. A Charleston 
newspaper reported editorially 
that with the opening of next
fall's term, pupils in "every one of
our 55 counties will be attending
mixed classes"
Columbus. Ohio — John Blackborn, 
who now lives in Alexandria,
had his 17.jewel watch stolen 15
Years ago, while living in Columbus 
Recently detectives located the
watch in a routine check at pawnshops 
and sent it to Blackburn.

AMUNBAS

the District of Columbia. Also, in
the first survey of its kind since
1952, the paper reported that Negro 
enrollments have declined percentagewise 
in 10 of the 17 .states
during the last four years.
In most Instances the declines
are fractional, and Negro enrollment 
relative to total enrollment
for the whole region had dropped
only 0.2 per cent since 1952 Small
to substantial declines were noted
percentagewise In Alabama, Florida, 
Georgia, Louisiana. Mississippi,
North Carolina. South Carolina.
Texts, Virginia and West Virginia.
Southern School News reported
that Georgia. Mississippi, South
Carolina and Virginia went on record 
in February with varying resolutions 
Interpreted either as
"protests," "interposition," or "nullification." 
The Alabama resolution, 
holding the Supreme Court
decisions, against public school
segregation "null, void and of no
effect." was adopted in January.
The paper said the past month
was highlighted by legislative action 
in five states where pro-segregation 
legislation dominated the
scene and by a federal court decision 
in Louisiana' invalidating
that s'ate's recently-enacted school
segregation laws.
The Louisiana case, it was pointed 
out, was the first test thus far
in the South of protective legislation 
enacted after the original Supreme 
Court decision of May 17
1954.
Of the 266,000 Negro students in
"integrated situations," 81,975 are,
in Maryland, 66,877 are in the Distriet 
of Columbia and 57,000 are in
Missouri. The term "integrated
situations" was held to cover Negro 
pupils (1) now attending formerly 
all-white schools; (2) attending' 
formerly all-Negro schools
which whites .have entered and
(3) eligible to attend mixed schools
in officially desegregated -districts
bat not electing for one reason or
another to do so
Southern School News reports
regularly In a factual manner on
developments following the Supreme
Court decisions through a corps of
W correspondents in the southern
region. Its current, summary of
major developments in this area
state-by-state follows:
ALABAMA—The legislature jjoi
The legislature adopted a "freedom 
of choice" school enrollment
plan—which may lead to the creation 
of three types of raciallyaligned 
school systems—as the
state discussed the Autherine Lucy
cue. (A complete chronological
story of the case will be found in
this month's Alabama report.) At
Montgomery, Gov. James Folsom
caned for a bi-racial commission
to settle" race conflicts and issued
a strong statement in support of
segregation.
A suit was filed by the NAACP

in Little Rock to test that community's 
"gradual" plan for desegreation 
while the Justice Department 
announced that it would
enter the celebrated Hoxie casethe 
first such action by the executive 
branch in support of the Supreme 
Court decisions.
Wilmington (Negro school ratio:
about 34 per cent) announced complete 
desegregation this fall. The
AACP intimated it would tile a
umber of law suits in solidly-segregated 
south Delaware.
School officials have answered
"how-is-it-going?" queries from
parents, saying among other things
that desegregation is a "success"
where there is no more than one
Negro to each three white children
in a school but where Negroes are
in a majority there are "serious"
problems.
SSN Correspondent Bert Collier
reported segregation had become an
important issue in the forthcoming
gubernatorial campaign with Gov
LeRoy Collins warning that Florida
cannot afford an orgy of race
conflict and discord."
The legislature has passed five
the Griffin administration's prosegregation 
bills strengthening the
sale's stand against integration as
well as a resolution declaring the
Supreme Court decisions "null and
void and of no effect."
Louisville's school board has approved 
a plan for desegregation of
he elementary schools this fall
and is considering a plan for 13
junior high schools. Several additional 
districts in Kentucky arc
moving toward desegregation by
plan or action.
State officials are planning an
appeal from a three-Judge federal
court which overthrew Louisiana's
recently enacted school segregation
laws-the first test of its kind in
the country-and will draft legislation 
to still the breach." Mean
while, 'New Orleans Catholics have
been told again that parochial
schools must be desegregated.
Howard County's (20 per cent
Negro) desegregation study group
recommended desegregation for the
fall term as the NAACP threatened 
suits in every count; in which
plans to desegregate are not put
into effect by September.
A resolution of interposition -was
introduced in the legislature Feb
29 following passage of four of
seven bilk sponsored by the Legal
Educational Advisory Commission
to strengthen segregation As a
Mississippi editor called for "positive 
thinking" on the school question. 
Gov. J. p. Coleman said he
would close any school forced by
the courts to accept Negro students. 

A study of elementary schools in
St. Louts has shown that integra,tion 
does not wipe out racial dif

ferences overnight, and neither does
it create "insuperable problem"" of
child behavior.
Gov Luther Hodges, announcing
for his first full-term candidacy.
gave an inkling of legislation he
would advocate, including tuition
grants of transfers "along the lines
of the Virginia proposal." An appeal 
to the U. S. Supreme Court
was filed in the University of
North Carolina case Three Negro
undergraduates admitted there told
a newsman they had encountered
no obstacles in their student careers 
begun in September.
The state Board of Education
has adopted a new transportation
policy designed to speed up integration 
and make it more profitable 
budget-wise to local school
districts.
As the legislature busied itself
with a myriad of new bils to
strengthen the state's official protest 
against the U. S. Supreme
Court decisions omitting the words
interposition" or "nullification."
Calls for "moderation" were being
ing voiced while Nashville and
Davidson County boards were reported 
to be considering gradual
desegregation plans beginning at
the fir: t grade and working up a
year at a time.
Gov. Allan Shivers has suggested 
a statewide referendum on interposition, 
with an eye to state
regulation of the oil and gas industries 
as well as segregation. The
Kerrville board—apparently the
66th in Texas—disclosed plans for
a three-year desegregation program 
involving about 100 Negro
scholastics. The NAACP announced 
it would attack segregated
schooling all through Texas. In
Houston (the nation's largest segregated 
school system) the school
board held a six-hoar desegregation 
hearing Feb. 27 but reached
no conclusions.
The legislature overwhelming
approved an interposition resolution 
The state's attorney general
held the resolution cannot be used
as a legal defense in the Prince
Edward County case (one of the
original five cases retching the U.
S. Supreme Court) and does not
enforcement of the court's
decision, though he praised it as a
protest Arlington County, which
had announced desegregation plans
land what was In effect prohibitive 
legislation in the General Astembly. 

An NAACP suit was filed in McDowell 
County though the school
board apparently had decided on a
program of desegregation. A Charleston 
newspaper reported editorially 
that with the opening of next
fall's term, pupils in "every one of
our 55 counties will be attending
mixed classes"
Columbus. Ohio — John Blackborn, 
who now lives in Alexandria,
had his 17.jewel watch stolen 15
Years ago, while living in Columbus 
Recently detectives located the
watch in a routine check at pawnshops 
and sent it to Blackburn.

ELAWARE

the District of Columbia. Also, in
the first survey of its kind since
1952, the paper reported that Negro 
enrollments have declined percentagewise 
in 10 of the 17 .states
during the last four years.
In most Instances the declines
are fractional, and Negro enrollment 
relative to total enrollment
for the whole region had dropped
only 0.2 per cent since 1952 Small
to substantial declines were noted
percentagewise In Alabama, Florida, 
Georgia, Louisiana. Mississippi,
North Carolina. South Carolina.
Texts, Virginia and West Virginia.
Southern School News reported
that Georgia. Mississippi, South
Carolina and Virginia went on record 
in February with varying resolutions 
Interpreted either as
"protests," "interposition," or "nullification." 
The Alabama resolution, 
holding the Supreme Court
decisions, against public school
segregation "null, void and of no
effect." was adopted in January.
The paper said the past month
was highlighted by legislative action 
in five states where pro-segregation 
legislation dominated the
scene and by a federal court decision 
in Louisiana' invalidating
that s'ate's recently-enacted school
segregation laws.
The Louisiana case, it was pointed 
out, was the first test thus far
in the South of protective legislation 
enacted after the original Supreme 
Court decision of May 17
1954.
Of the 266,000 Negro students in
"integrated situations," 81,975 are,
in Maryland, 66,877 are in the Distriet 
of Columbia and 57,000 are in
Missouri. The term "integrated
situations" was held to cover Negro 
pupils (1) now attending formerly 
all-white schools; (2) attending' 
formerly all-Negro schools
which whites .have entered and
(3) eligible to attend mixed schools
in officially desegregated -districts
bat not electing for one reason or
another to do so
Southern School News reports
regularly In a factual manner on
developments following the Supreme
Court decisions through a corps of
W correspondents in the southern
region. Its current, summary of
major developments in this area
state-by-state follows:
ALABAMA—The legislature jjoi
The legislature adopted a "freedom 
of choice" school enrollment
plan—which may lead to the creation 
of three types of raciallyaligned 
school systems—as the
state discussed the Autherine Lucy
cue. (A complete chronological
story of the case will be found in
this month's Alabama report.) At
Montgomery, Gov. James Folsom
caned for a bi-racial commission
to settle" race conflicts and issued
a strong statement in support of
segregation.
A suit was filed by the NAACP

in Little Rock to test that community's 
"gradual" plan for desegreation 
while the Justice Department 
announced that it would
enter the celebrated Hoxie casethe 
first such action by the executive 
branch in support of the Supreme 
Court decisions.
Wilmington (Negro school ratio:
about 34 per cent) announced complete 
desegregation this fall. The
AACP intimated it would tile a
umber of law suits in solidly-segregated 
south Delaware.
School officials have answered
"how-is-it-going?" queries from
parents, saying among other things
that desegregation is a "success"
where there is no more than one
Negro to each three white children
in a school but where Negroes are
in a majority there are "serious"
problems.
SSN Correspondent Bert Collier
reported segregation had become an
important issue in the forthcoming
gubernatorial campaign with Gov
LeRoy Collins warning that Florida
cannot afford an orgy of race
conflict and discord."
The legislature has passed five
the Griffin administration's prosegregation 
bills strengthening the
sale's stand against integration as
well as a resolution declaring the
Supreme Court decisions "null and
void and of no effect."
Louisville's school board has approved 
a plan for desegregation of
he elementary schools this fall
and is considering a plan for 13
junior high schools. Several additional 
districts in Kentucky arc
moving toward desegregation by
plan or action.
State officials are planning an
appeal from a three-Judge federal
court which overthrew Louisiana's
recently enacted school segregation
laws-the first test of its kind in
the country-and will draft legislation 
to still the breach." Mean
while, 'New Orleans Catholics have
been told again that parochial
schools must be desegregated.
Howard County's (20 per cent
Negro) desegregation study group
recommended desegregation for the
fall term as the NAACP threatened 
suits in every count; in which
plans to desegregate are not put
into effect by September.
A resolution of interposition -was
introduced in the legislature Feb
29 following passage of four of
seven bilk sponsored by the Legal
Educational Advisory Commission
to strengthen segregation As a
Mississippi editor called for "positive 
thinking" on the school question. 
Gov. J. p. Coleman said he
would close any school forced by
the courts to accept Negro students. 

A study of elementary schools in
St. Louts has shown that integra,tion 
does not wipe out racial dif

ferences overnight, and neither does
it create "insuperable problem"" of
child behavior.
Gov Luther Hodges, announcing
for his first full-term candidacy.
gave an inkling of legislation he
would advocate, including tuition
grants of transfers "along the lines
of the Virginia proposal." An appeal 
to the U. S. Supreme Court
was filed in the University of
North Carolina case Three Negro
undergraduates admitted there told
a newsman they had encountered
no obstacles in their student careers 
begun in September.
The state Board of Education
has adopted a new transportation
policy designed to speed up integration 
and make it more profitable 
budget-wise to local school
districts.
As the legislature busied itself
with a myriad of new bils to
strengthen the state's official protest 
against the U. S. Supreme
Court decisions omitting the words
interposition" or "nullification."
Calls for "moderation" were being
ing voiced while Nashville and
Davidson County boards were reported 
to be considering gradual
desegregation plans beginning at
the fir: t grade and working up a
year at a time.
Gov. Allan Shivers has suggested 
a statewide referendum on interposition, 
with an eye to state
regulation of the oil and gas industries 
as well as segregation. The
Kerrville board—apparently the
66th in Texas—disclosed plans for
a three-year desegregation program 
involving about 100 Negro
scholastics. The NAACP announced 
it would attack segregated
schooling all through Texas. In
Houston (the nation's largest segregated 
school system) the school
board held a six-hoar desegregation 
hearing Feb. 27 but reached
no conclusions.
The legislature overwhelming
approved an interposition resolution 
The state's attorney general
held the resolution cannot be used
as a legal defense in the Prince
Edward County case (one of the
original five cases retching the U.
S. Supreme Court) and does not
enforcement of the court's
decision, though he praised it as a
protest Arlington County, which
had announced desegregation plans
land what was In effect prohibitive 
legislation in the General Astembly. 

An NAACP suit was filed in McDowell 
County though the school
board apparently had decided on a
program of desegregation. A Charleston 
newspaper reported editorially 
that with the opening of next
fall's term, pupils in "every one of
our 55 counties will be attending
mixed classes"
Columbus. Ohio — John Blackborn, 
who now lives in Alexandria,
had his 17.jewel watch stolen 15
Years ago, while living in Columbus 
Recently detectives located the
watch in a routine check at pawnshops 
and sent it to Blackburn.

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

the District of Columbia. Also, in
the first survey of its kind since
1952, the paper reported that Negro 
enrollments have declined percentagewise 
in 10 of the 17 .states
during the last four years.
In most Instances the declines
are fractional, and Negro enrollment 
relative to total enrollment
for the whole region had dropped
only 0.2 per cent since 1952 Small
to substantial declines were noted
percentagewise In Alabama, Florida, 
Georgia, Louisiana. Mississippi,
North Carolina. South Carolina.
Texts, Virginia and West Virginia.
Southern School News reported
that Georgia. Mississippi, South
Carolina and Virginia went on record 
in February with varying resolutions 
Interpreted either as
"protests," "interposition," or "nullification." 
The Alabama resolution, 
holding the Supreme Court
decisions, against public school
segregation "null, void and of no
effect." was adopted in January.
The paper said the past month
was highlighted by legislative action 
in five states where pro-segregation 
legislation dominated the
scene and by a federal court decision 
in Louisiana' invalidating
that s'ate's recently-enacted school
segregation laws.
The Louisiana case, it was pointed 
out, was the first test thus far
in the South of protective legislation 
enacted after the original Supreme 
Court decision of May 17
1954.
Of the 266,000 Negro students in
"integrated situations," 81,975 are,
in Maryland, 66,877 are in the Distriet 
of Columbia and 57,000 are in
Missouri. The term "integrated
situations" was held to cover Negro 
pupils (1) now attending formerly 
all-white schools; (2) attending' 
formerly all-Negro schools
which whites .have entered and
(3) eligible to attend mixed schools
in officially desegregated -districts
bat not electing for one reason or
another to do so
Southern School News reports
regularly In a factual manner on
developments following the Supreme
Court decisions through a corps of
W correspondents in the southern
region. Its current, summary of
major developments in this area
state-by-state follows:
ALABAMA—The legislature jjoi
The legislature adopted a "freedom 
of choice" school enrollment
plan—which may lead to the creation 
of three types of raciallyaligned 
school systems—as the
state discussed the Autherine Lucy
cue. (A complete chronological
story of the case will be found in
this month's Alabama report.) At
Montgomery, Gov. James Folsom
caned for a bi-racial commission
to settle" race conflicts and issued
a strong statement in support of
segregation.
A suit was filed by the NAACP

in Little Rock to test that community's 
"gradual" plan for desegreation 
while the Justice Department 
announced that it would
enter the celebrated Hoxie casethe 
first such action by the executive 
branch in support of the Supreme 
Court decisions.
Wilmington (Negro school ratio:
about 34 per cent) announced complete 
desegregation this fall. The
AACP intimated it would tile a
umber of law suits in solidly-segregated 
south Delaware.
School officials have answered
"how-is-it-going?" queries from
parents, saying among other things
that desegregation is a "success"
where there is no more than one
Negro to each three white children
in a school but where Negroes are
in a majority there are "serious"
problems.
SSN Correspondent Bert Collier
reported segregation had become an
important issue in the forthcoming
gubernatorial campaign with Gov
LeRoy Collins warning that Florida
cannot afford an orgy of race
conflict and discord."
The legislature has passed five
the Griffin administration's prosegregation 
bills strengthening the
sale's stand against integration as
well as a resolution declaring the
Supreme Court decisions "null and
void and of no effect."
Louisville's school board has approved 
a plan for desegregation of
he elementary schools this fall
and is considering a plan for 13
junior high schools. Several additional 
districts in Kentucky arc
moving toward desegregation by
plan or action.
State officials are planning an
appeal from a three-Judge federal
court which overthrew Louisiana's
recently enacted school segregation
laws-the first test of its kind in
the country-and will draft legislation 
to still the breach." Mean
while, 'New Orleans Catholics have
been told again that parochial
schools must be desegregated.
Howard County's (20 per cent
Negro) desegregation study group
recommended desegregation for the
fall term as the NAACP threatened 
suits in every count; in which
plans to desegregate are not put
into effect by September.
A resolution of interposition -was
introduced in the legislature Feb
29 following passage of four of
seven bilk sponsored by the Legal
Educational Advisory Commission
to strengthen segregation As a
Mississippi editor called for "positive 
thinking" on the school question. 
Gov. J. p. Coleman said he
would close any school forced by
the courts to accept Negro students. 

A study of elementary schools in
St. Louts has shown that integra,tion 
does not wipe out racial dif

ferences overnight, and neither does
it create "insuperable problem"" of
child behavior.
Gov Luther Hodges, announcing
for his first full-term candidacy.
gave an inkling of legislation he
would advocate, including tuition
grants of transfers "along the lines
of the Virginia proposal." An appeal 
to the U. S. Supreme Court
was filed in the University of
North Carolina case Three Negro
undergraduates admitted there told
a newsman they had encountered
no obstacles in their student careers 
begun in September.
The state Board of Education
has adopted a new transportation
policy designed to speed up integration 
and make it more profitable 
budget-wise to local school
districts.
As the legislature busied itself
with a myriad of new bils to
strengthen the state's official protest 
against the U. S. Supreme
Court decisions omitting the words
interposition" or "nullification."
Calls for "moderation" were being
ing voiced while Nashville and
Davidson County boards were reported 
to be considering gradual
desegregation plans beginning at
the fir: t grade and working up a
year at a time.
Gov. Allan Shivers has suggested 
a statewide referendum on interposition, 
with an eye to state
regulation of the oil and gas industries 
as well as segregation. The
Kerrville board—apparently the
66th in Texas—disclosed plans for
a three-year desegregation program 
involving about 100 Negro
scholastics. The NAACP announced 
it would attack segregated
schooling all through Texas. In
Houston (the nation's largest segregated 
school system) the school
board held a six-hoar desegregation 
hearing Feb. 27 but reached
no conclusions.
The legislature overwhelming
approved an interposition resolution 
The state's attorney general
held the resolution cannot be used
as a legal defense in the Prince
Edward County case (one of the
original five cases retching the U.
S. Supreme Court) and does not
enforcement of the court's
decision, though he praised it as a
protest Arlington County, which
had announced desegregation plans
land what was In effect prohibitive 
legislation in the General Astembly. 

An NAACP suit was filed in McDowell 
County though the school
board apparently had decided on a
program of desegregation. A Charleston 
newspaper reported editorially 
that with the opening of next
fall's term, pupils in "every one of
our 55 counties will be attending
mixed classes"
Columbus. Ohio — John Blackborn, 
who now lives in Alexandria,
had his 17.jewel watch stolen 15
Years ago, while living in Columbus 
Recently detectives located the
watch in a routine check at pawnshops 
and sent it to Blackburn.

LORIDA

the District of Columbia. Also, in
the first survey of its kind since
1952, the paper reported that Negro 
enrollments have declined percentagewise 
in 10 of the 17 .states
during the last four years.
In most Instances the declines
are fractional, and Negro enrollment 
relative to total enrollment
for the whole region had dropped
only 0.2 per cent since 1952 Small
to substantial declines were noted
percentagewise In Alabama, Florida, 
Georgia, Louisiana. Mississippi,
North Carolina. South Carolina.
Texts, Virginia and West Virginia.
Southern School News reported
that Georgia. Mississippi, South
Carolina and Virginia went on record 
in February with varying resolutions 
Interpreted either as
"protests," "interposition," or "nullification." 
The Alabama resolution, 
holding the Supreme Court
decisions, against public school
segregation "null, void and of no
effect." was adopted in January.
The paper said the past month
was highlighted by legislative action 
in five states where pro-segregation 
legislation dominated the
scene and by a federal court decision 
in Louisiana' invalidating
that s'ate's recently-enacted school
segregation laws.
The Louisiana case, it was pointed 
out, was the first test thus far
in the South of protective legislation 
enacted after the original Supreme 
Court decision of May 17
1954.
Of the 266,000 Negro students in
"integrated situations," 81,975 are,
in Maryland, 66,877 are in the Distriet 
of Columbia and 57,000 are in
Missouri. The term "integrated
situations" was held to cover Negro 
pupils (1) now attending formerly 
all-white schools; (2) attending' 
formerly all-Negro schools
which whites .have entered and
(3) eligible to attend mixed schools
in officially desegregated -districts
bat not electing for one reason or
another to do so
Southern School News reports
regularly In a factual manner on
developments following the Supreme
Court decisions through a corps of
W correspondents in the southern
region. Its current, summary of
major developments in this area
state-by-state follows:
ALABAMA—The legislature jjoi
The legislature adopted a "freedom 
of choice" school enrollment
plan—which may lead to the creation 
of three types of raciallyaligned 
school systems—as the
state discussed the Autherine Lucy
cue. (A complete chronological
story of the case will be found in
this month's Alabama report.) At
Montgomery, Gov. James Folsom
caned for a bi-racial commission
to settle" race conflicts and issued
a strong statement in support of
segregation.
A suit was filed by the NAACP

in Little Rock to test that community's 
"gradual" plan for desegreation 
while the Justice Department 
announced that it would
enter the celebrated Hoxie casethe 
first such action by the executive 
branch in support of the Supreme 
Court decisions.
Wilmington (Negro school ratio:
about 34 per cent) announced complete 
desegregation this fall. The
AACP intimated it would tile a
umber of law suits in solidly-segregated 
south Delaware.
School officials have answered
"how-is-it-going?" queries from
parents, saying among other things
that desegregation is a "success"
where there is no more than one
Negro to each three white children
in a school but where Negroes are
in a majority there are "serious"
problems.
SSN Correspondent Bert Collier
reported segregation had become an
important issue in the forthcoming
gubernatorial campaign with Gov
LeRoy Collins warning that Florida
cannot afford an orgy of race
conflict and discord."
The legislature has passed five
the Griffin administration's prosegregation 
bills strengthening the
sale's stand against integration as
well as a resolution declaring the
Supreme Court decisions "null and
void and of no effect."
Louisville's school board has approved 
a plan for desegregation of
he elementary schools this fall
and is considering a plan for 13
junior high schools. Several additional 
districts in Kentucky arc
moving toward desegregation by
plan or action.
State officials are planning an
appeal from a three-Judge federal
court which overthrew Louisiana's
recently enacted school segregation
laws-the first test of its kind in
the country-and will draft legislation 
to still the breach." Mean
while, 'New Orleans Catholics have
been told again that parochial
schools must be desegregated.
Howard County's (20 per cent
Negro) desegregation study group
recommended desegregation for the
fall term as the NAACP threatened 
suits in every count; in which
plans to desegregate are not put
into effect by September.
A resolution of interposition -was
introduced in the legislature Feb
29 following passage of four of
seven bilk sponsored by the Legal
Educational Advisory Commission
to strengthen segregation As a
Mississippi editor called for "positive 
thinking" on the school question. 
Gov. J. p. Coleman said he
would close any school forced by
the courts to accept Negro students. 

A study of elementary schools in
St. Louts has shown that integra,tion 
does not wipe out racial dif

ferences overnight, and neither does
it create "insuperable problem"" of
child behavior.
Gov Luther Hodges, announcing
for his first full-term candidacy.
gave an inkling of legislation he
would advocate, including tuition
grants of transfers "along the lines
of the Virginia proposal." An appeal 
to the U. S. Supreme Court
was filed in the University of
North Carolina case Three Negro
undergraduates admitted there told
a newsman they had encountered
no obstacles in their student careers 
begun in September.
The state Board of Education
has adopted a new transportation
policy designed to speed up integration 
and make it more profitable 
budget-wise to local school
districts.
As the legislature busied itself
with a myriad of new bils to
strengthen the state's official protest 
against the U. S. Supreme
Court decisions omitting the words
interposition" or "nullification."
Calls for "moderation" were being
ing voiced while Nashville and
Davidson County boards were reported 
to be considering gradual
desegregation plans beginning at
the fir: t grade and working up a
year at a time.
Gov. Allan Shivers has suggested 
a statewide referendum on interposition, 
with an eye to state
regulation of the oil and gas industries 
as well as segregation. The
Kerrville board—apparently the
66th in Texas—disclosed plans for
a three-year desegregation program 
involving about 100 Negro
scholastics. The NAACP announced 
it would attack segregated
schooling all through Texas. In
Houston (the nation's largest segregated 
school system) the school
board held a six-hoar desegregation 
hearing Feb. 27 but reached
no conclusions.
The legislature overwhelming
approved an interposition resolution 
The state's attorney general
held the resolution cannot be used
as a legal defense in the Prince
Edward County case (one of the
original five cases retching the U.
S. Supreme Court) and does not
enforcement of the court's
decision, though he praised it as a
protest Arlington County, which
had announced desegregation plans
land what was In effect prohibitive 
legislation in the General Astembly. 

An NAACP suit was filed in McDowell 
County though the school
board apparently had decided on a
program of desegregation. A Charleston 
newspaper reported editorially 
that with the opening of next
fall's term, pupils in "every one of
our 55 counties will be attending
mixed classes"
Columbus. Ohio — John Blackborn, 
who now lives in Alexandria,
had his 17.jewel watch stolen 15
Years ago, while living in Columbus 
Recently detectives located the
watch in a routine check at pawnshops 
and sent it to Blackburn.

GEORGIA

the District of Columbia. Also, in
the first survey of its kind since
1952, the paper reported that Negro 
enrollments have declined percentagewise 
in 10 of the 17 .states
during the last four years.
In most Instances the declines
are fractional, and Negro enrollment 
relative to total enrollment
for the whole region had dropped
only 0.2 per cent since 1952 Small
to substantial declines were noted
percentagewise In Alabama, Florida, 
Georgia, Louisiana. Mississippi,
North Carolina. South Carolina.
Texts, Virginia and West Virginia.
Southern School News reported
that Georgia. Mississippi, South
Carolina and Virginia went on record 
in February with varying resolutions 
Interpreted either as
"protests," "interposition," or "nullification." 
The Alabama resolution, 
holding the Supreme Court
decisions, against public school
segregation "null, void and of no
effect." was adopted in January.
The paper said the past month
was highlighted by legislative action 
in five states where pro-segregation 
legislation dominated the
scene and by a federal court decision 
in Louisiana' invalidating
that s'ate's recently-enacted school
segregation laws.
The Louisiana case, it was pointed 
out, was the first test thus far
in the South of protective legislation 
enacted after the original Supreme 
Court decision of May 17
1954.
Of the 266,000 Negro students in
"integrated situations," 81,975 are,
in Maryland, 66,877 are in the Distriet 
of Columbia and 57,000 are in
Missouri. The term "integrated
situations" was held to cover Negro 
pupils (1) now attending formerly 
all-white schools; (2) attending' 
formerly all-Negro schools
which whites .have entered and
(3) eligible to attend mixed schools
in officially desegregated -districts
bat not electing for one reason or
another to do so
Southern School News reports
regularly In a factual manner on
developments following the Supreme
Court decisions through a corps of
W correspondents in the southern
region. Its current, summary of
major developments in this area
state-by-state follows:
ALABAMA—The legislature jjoi
The legislature adopted a "freedom 
of choice" school enrollment
plan—which may lead to the creation 
of three types of raciallyaligned 
school systems—as the
state discussed the Autherine Lucy
cue. (A complete chronological
story of the case will be found in
this month's Alabama report.) At
Montgomery, Gov. James Folsom
caned for a bi-racial commission
to settle" race conflicts and issued
a strong statement in support of
segregation.
A suit was filed by the NAACP

in Little Rock to test that community's 
"gradual" plan for desegreation 
while the Justice Department 
announced that it would
enter the celebrated Hoxie casethe 
first such action by the executive 
branch in support of the Supreme 
Court decisions.
Wilmington (Negro school ratio:
about 34 per cent) announced complete 
desegregation this fall. The
AACP intimated it would tile a
umber of law suits in solidly-segregated 
south Delaware.
School officials have answered
"how-is-it-going?" queries from
parents, saying among other things
that desegregation is a "success"
where there is no more than one
Negro to each three white children
in a school but where Negroes are
in a majority there are "serious"
problems.
SSN Correspondent Bert Collier
reported segregation had become an
important issue in the forthcoming
gubernatorial campaign with Gov
LeRoy Collins warning that Florida
cannot afford an orgy of race
conflict and discord."
The legislature has passed five
the Griffin administration's prosegregation 
bills strengthening the
sale's stand against integration as
well as a resolution declaring the
Supreme Court decisions "null and
void and of no effect."
Louisville's school board has approved 
a plan for desegregation of
he elementary schools this fall
and is considering a plan for 13
junior high schools. Several additional 
districts in Kentucky arc
moving toward desegregation by
plan or action.
State officials are planning an
appeal from a three-Judge federal
court which overthrew Louisiana's
recently enacted school segregation
laws-the first test of its kind in
the country-and will draft legislation 
to still the breach." Mean
while, 'New Orleans Catholics have
been told again that parochial
schools must be desegregated.
Howard County's (20 per cent
Negro) desegregation study group
recommended desegregation for the
fall term as the NAACP threatened 
suits in every count; in which
plans to desegregate are not put
into effect by September.
A resolution of interposition -was
introduced in the legislature Feb
29 following passage of four of
seven bilk sponsored by the Legal
Educational Advisory Commission
to strengthen segregation As a
Mississippi editor called for "positive 
thinking" on the school question. 
Gov. J. p. Coleman said he
would close any school forced by
the courts to accept Negro students. 

A study of elementary schools in
St. Louts has shown that integra,tion 
does not wipe out racial dif

ferences overnight, and neither does
it create "insuperable problem"" of
child behavior.
Gov Luther Hodges, announcing
for his first full-term candidacy.
gave an inkling of legislation he
would advocate, including tuition
grants of transfers "along the lines
of the Virginia proposal." An appeal 
to the U. S. Supreme Court
was filed in the University of
North Carolina case Three Negro
undergraduates admitted there told
a newsman they had encountered
no obstacles in their student careers 
begun in September.
The state Board of Education
has adopted a new transportation
policy designed to speed up integration 
and make it more profitable 
budget-wise to local school
districts.
As the legislature busied itself
with a myriad of new bils to
strengthen the state's official protest 
against the U. S. Supreme
Court decisions omitting the words
interposition" or "nullification."
Calls for "moderation" were being
ing voiced while Nashville and
Davidson County boards were reported 
to be considering gradual
desegregation plans beginning at
the fir: t grade and working up a
year at a time.
Gov. Allan Shivers has suggested 
a statewide referendum on interposition, 
with an eye to state
regulation of the oil and gas industries 
as well as segregation. The
Kerrville board—apparently the
66th in Texas—disclosed plans for
a three-year desegregation program 
involving about 100 Negro
scholastics. The NAACP announced 
it would attack segregated
schooling all through Texas. In
Houston (the nation's largest segregated 
school system) the school
board held a six-hoar desegregation 
hearing Feb. 27 but reached
no conclusions.
The legislature overwhelming
approved an interposition resolution 
The state's attorney general
held the resolution cannot be used
as a legal defense in the Prince
Edward County case (one of the
original five cases retching the U.
S. Supreme Court) and does not
enforcement of the court's
decision, though he praised it as a
protest Arlington County, which
had announced desegregation plans
land what was In effect prohibitive 
legislation in the General Astembly. 

An NAACP suit was filed in McDowell 
County though the school
board apparently had decided on a
program of desegregation. A Charleston 
newspaper reported editorially 
that with the opening of next
fall's term, pupils in "every one of
our 55 counties will be attending
mixed classes"
Columbus. Ohio — John Blackborn, 
who now lives in Alexandria,
had his 17.jewel watch stolen 15
Years ago, while living in Columbus 
Recently detectives located the
watch in a routine check at pawnshops 
and sent it to Blackburn.

KENTITKY

the District of Columbia. Also, in
the first survey of its kind since
1952, the paper reported that Negro 
enrollments have declined percentagewise 
in 10 of the 17 .states
during the last four years.
In most Instances the declines
are fractional, and Negro enrollment 
relative to total enrollment
for the whole region had dropped
only 0.2 per cent since 1952 Small
to substantial declines were noted
percentagewise In Alabama, Florida, 
Georgia, Louisiana. Mississippi,
North Carolina. South Carolina.
Texts, Virginia and West Virginia.
Southern School News reported
that Georgia. Mississippi, South
Carolina and Virginia went on record 
in February with varying resolutions 
Interpreted either as
"protests," "interposition," or "nullification." 
The Alabama resolution, 
holding the Supreme Court
decisions, against public school
segregation "null, void and of no
effect." was adopted in January.
The paper said the past month
was highlighted by legislative action 
in five states where pro-segregation 
legislation dominated the
scene and by a federal court decision 
in Louisiana' invalidating
that s'ate's recently-enacted school
segregation laws.
The Louisiana case, it was pointed 
out, was the first test thus far
in the South of protective legislation 
enacted after the original Supreme 
Court decision of May 17
1954.
Of the 266,000 Negro students in
"integrated situations," 81,975 are,
in Maryland, 66,877 are in the Distriet 
of Columbia and 57,000 are in
Missouri. The term "integrated
situations" was held to cover Negro 
pupils (1) now attending formerly 
all-white schools; (2) attending' 
formerly all-Negro schools
which whites .have entered and
(3) eligible to attend mixed schools
in officially desegregated -districts
bat not electing for one reason or
another to do so
Southern School News reports
regularly In a factual manner on
developments following the Supreme
Court decisions through a corps of
W correspondents in the southern
region. Its current, summary of
major developments in this area
state-by-state follows:
ALABAMA—The legislature jjoi
The legislature adopted a "freedom 
of choice" school enrollment
plan—which may lead to the creation 
of three types of raciallyaligned 
school systems—as the
state discussed the Autherine Lucy
cue. (A complete chronological
story of the case will be found in
this month's Alabama report.) At
Montgomery, Gov. James Folsom
caned for a bi-racial commission
to settle" race conflicts and issued
a strong statement in support of
segregation.
A suit was filed by the NAACP

in Little Rock to test that community's 
"gradual" plan for desegreation 
while the Justice Department 
announced that it would
enter the celebrated Hoxie casethe 
first such action by the executive 
branch in support of the Supreme 
Court decisions.
Wilmington (Negro school ratio:
about 34 per cent) announced complete 
desegregation this fall. The
AACP intimated it would tile a
umber of law suits in solidly-segregated 
south Delaware.
School officials have answered
"how-is-it-going?" queries from
parents, saying among other things
that desegregation is a "success"
where there is no more than one
Negro to each three white children
in a school but where Negroes are
in a majority there are "serious"
problems.
SSN Correspondent Bert Collier
reported segregation had become an
important issue in the forthcoming
gubernatorial campaign with Gov
LeRoy Collins warning that Florida
cannot afford an orgy of race
conflict and discord."
The legislature has passed five
the Griffin administration's prosegregation 
bills strengthening the
sale's stand against integration as
well as a resolution declaring the
Supreme Court decisions "null and
void and of no effect."
Louisville's school board has approved 
a plan for desegregation of
he elementary schools this fall
and is considering a plan for 13
junior high schools. Several additional 
districts in Kentucky arc
moving toward desegregation by
plan or action.
State officials are planning an
appeal from a three-Judge federal
court which overthrew Louisiana's
recently enacted school segregation
laws-the first test of its kind in
the country-and will draft legislation 
to still the breach." Mean
while, 'New Orleans Catholics have
been told again that parochial
schools must be desegregated.
Howard County's (20 per cent
Negro) desegregation study group
recommended desegregation for the
fall term as the NAACP threatened 
suits in every count; in which
plans to desegregate are not put
into effect by September.
A resolution of interposition -was
introduced in the legislature Feb
29 following passage of four of
seven bilk sponsored by the Legal
Educational Advisory Commission
to strengthen segregation As a
Mississippi editor called for "positive 
thinking" on the school question. 
Gov. J. p. Coleman said he
would close any school forced by
the courts to accept Negro students. 

A study of elementary schools in
St. Louts has shown that integra,tion 
does not wipe out racial dif

ferences overnight, and neither does
it create "insuperable problem"" of
child behavior.
Gov Luther Hodges, announcing
for his first full-term candidacy.
gave an inkling of legislation he
would advocate, including tuition
grants of transfers "along the lines
of the Virginia proposal." An appeal 
to the U. S. Supreme Court
was filed in the University of
North Carolina case Three Negro
undergraduates admitted there told
a newsman they had encountered
no obstacles in their student careers 
begun in September.
The state Board of Education
has adopted a new transportation
policy designed to speed up integration 
and make it more profitable 
budget-wise to local school
districts.
As the legislature busied itself
with a myriad of new bils to
strengthen the state's official protest 
against the U. S. Supreme
Court decisions omitting the words
interposition" or "nullification."
Calls for "moderation" were being
ing voiced while Nashville and
Davidson County boards were reported 
to be considering gradual
desegregation plans beginning at
the fir: t grade and working up a
year at a time.
Gov. Allan Shivers has suggested 
a statewide referendum on interposition, 
with an eye to state
regulation of the oil and gas industries 
as well as segregation. The
Kerrville board—apparently the
66th in Texas—disclosed plans for
a three-year desegregation program 
involving about 100 Negro
scholastics. The NAACP announced 
it would attack segregated
schooling all through Texas. In
Houston (the nation's largest segregated 
school system) the school
board held a six-hoar desegregation 
hearing Feb. 27 but reached
no conclusions.
The legislature overwhelming
approved an interposition resolution 
The state's attorney general
held the resolution cannot be used
as a legal defense in the Prince
Edward County case (one of the
original five cases retching the U.
S. Supreme Court) and does not
enforcement of the court's
decision, though he praised it as a
protest Arlington County, which
had announced desegregation plans
land what was In effect prohibitive 
legislation in the General Astembly. 

An NAACP suit was filed in McDowell 
County though the school
board apparently had decided on a
program of desegregation. A Charleston 
newspaper reported editorially 
that with the opening of next
fall's term, pupils in "every one of
our 55 counties will be attending
mixed classes"
Columbus. Ohio — John Blackborn, 
who now lives in Alexandria,
had his 17.jewel watch stolen 15
Years ago, while living in Columbus 
Recently detectives located the
watch in a routine check at pawnshops 
and sent it to Blackburn.

LOMSIANA

the District of Columbia. Also, in
the first survey of its kind since
1952, the paper reported that Negro 
enrollments have declined percentagewise 
in 10 of the 17 .states
during the last four years.
In most Instances the declines
are fractional, and Negro enrollment 
relative to total enrollment
for the whole region had dropped
only 0.2 per cent since 1952 Small
to substantial declines were noted
percentagewise In Alabama, Florida, 
Georgia, Louisiana. Mississippi,
North Carolina. South Carolina.
Texts, Virginia and West Virginia.
Southern School News reported
that Georgia. Mississippi, South
Carolina and Virginia went on record 
in February with varying resolutions 
Interpreted either as
"protests," "interposition," or "nullification." 
The Alabama resolution, 
holding the Supreme Court
decisions, against public school
segregation "null, void and of no
effect." was adopted in January.
The paper said the past month
was highlighted by legislative action 
in five states where pro-segregation 
legislation dominated the
scene and by a federal court decision 
in Louisiana' invalidating
that s'ate's recently-enacted school
segregation laws.
The Louisiana case, it was pointed 
out, was the first test thus far
in the South of protective legislation 
enacted after the original Supreme 
Court decision of May 17
1954.
Of the 266,000 Negro students in
"integrated situations," 81,975 are,
in Maryland, 66,877 are in the Distriet 
of Columbia and 57,000 are in
Missouri. The term "integrated
situations" was held to cover Negro 
pupils (1) now attending formerly 
all-white schools; (2) attending' 
formerly all-Negro schools
which whites .have entered and
(3) eligible to attend mixed schools
in officially desegregated -districts
bat not electing for one reason or
another to do so
Southern School News reports
regularly In a factual manner on
developments following the Supreme
Court decisions through a corps of
W correspondents in the southern
region. Its current, summary of
major developments in this area
state-by-state follows:
ALABAMA—The legislature jjoi
The legislature adopted a "freedom 
of choice" school enrollment
plan—which may lead to the creation 
of three types of raciallyaligned 
school systems—as the
state discussed the Autherine Lucy
cue. (A complete chronological
story of the case will be found in
this month's Alabama report.) At
Montgomery, Gov. James Folsom
caned for a bi-racial commission
to settle" race conflicts and issued
a strong statement in support of
segregation.
A suit was filed by the NAACP

in Little Rock to test that community's 
"gradual" plan for desegreation 
while the Justice Department 
announced that it would
enter the celebrated Hoxie casethe 
first such action by the executive 
branch in support of the Supreme 
Court decisions.
Wilmington (Negro school ratio:
about 34 per cent) announced complete 
desegregation this fall. The
AACP intimated it would tile a
umber of law suits in solidly-segregated 
south Delaware.
School officials have answered
"how-is-it-going?" queries from
parents, saying among other things
that desegregation is a "success"
where there is no more than one
Negro to each three white children
in a school but where Negroes are
in a majority there are "serious"
problems.
SSN Correspondent Bert Collier
reported segregation had become an
important issue in the forthcoming
gubernatorial campaign with Gov
LeRoy Collins warning that Florida
cannot afford an orgy of race
conflict and discord."
The legislature has passed five
the Griffin administration's prosegregation 
bills strengthening the
sale's stand against integration as
well as a resolution declaring the
Supreme Court decisions "null and
void and of no effect."
Louisville's school board has approved 
a plan for desegregation of
he elementary schools this fall
and is considering a plan for 13
junior high schools. Several additional 
districts in Kentucky arc
moving toward desegregation by
plan or action.
State officials are planning an
appeal from a three-Judge federal
court which overthrew Louisiana's
recently enacted school segregation
laws-the first test of its kind in
the country-and will draft legislation 
to still the breach." Mean
while, 'New Orleans Catholics have
been told again that parochial
schools must be desegregated.
Howard County's (20 per cent
Negro) desegregation study group
recommended desegregation for the
fall term as the NAACP threatened 
suits in every count; in which
plans to desegregate are not put
into effect by September.
A resolution of interposition -was
introduced in the legislature Feb
29 following passage of four of
seven bilk sponsored by the Legal
Educational Advisory Commission
to strengthen segregation As a
Mississippi editor called for "positive 
thinking" on the school question. 
Gov. J. p. Coleman said he
would close any school forced by
the courts to accept Negro students. 

A study of elementary schools in
St. Louts has shown that integra,tion 
does not wipe out racial dif

ferences overnight, and neither does
it create "insuperable problem"" of
child behavior.
Gov Luther Hodges, announcing
for his first full-term candidacy.
gave an inkling of legislation he
would advocate, including tuition
grants of transfers "along the lines
of the Virginia proposal." An appeal 
to the U. S. Supreme Court
was filed in the University of
North Carolina case Three Negro
undergraduates admitted there told
a newsman they had encountered
no obstacles in their student careers 
begun in September.
The state Board of Education
has adopted a new transportation
policy designed to speed up integration 
and make it more profitable 
budget-wise to local school
districts.
As the legislature busied itself
with a myriad of new bils to
strengthen the state's official protest 
against the U. S. Supreme
Court decisions omitting the words
interposition" or "nullification."
Calls for "moderation" were being
ing voiced while Nashville and
Davidson County boards were reported 
to be considering gradual
desegregation plans beginning at
the fir: t grade and working up a
year at a time.
Gov. Allan Shivers has suggested 
a statewide referendum on interposition, 
with an eye to state
regulation of the oil and gas industries 
as well as segregation. The
Kerrville board—apparently the
66th in Texas—disclosed plans for
a three-year desegregation program 
involving about 100 Negro
scholastics. The NAACP announced 
it would attack segregated
schooling all through Texas. In
Houston (the nation's largest segregated 
school system) the school
board held a six-hoar desegregation 
hearing Feb. 27 but reached
no conclusions.
The legislature overwhelming
approved an interposition resolution 
The state's attorney general
held the resolution cannot be used
as a legal defense in the Prince
Edward County case (one of the
original five cases retching the U.
S. Supreme Court) and does not
enforcement of the court's
decision, though he praised it as a
protest Arlington County, which
had announced desegregation plans
land what was In effect prohibitive 
legislation in the General Astembly. 

An NAACP suit was filed in McDowell 
County though the school
board apparently had decided on a
program of desegregation. A Charleston 
newspaper reported editorially 
that with the opening of next
fall's term, pupils in "every one of
our 55 counties will be attending
mixed classes"
Columbus. Ohio — John Blackborn, 
who now lives in Alexandria,
had his 17.jewel watch stolen 15
Years ago, while living in Columbus 
Recently detectives located the
watch in a routine check at pawnshops 
and sent it to Blackburn.

MARYLAND

the District of Columbia. Also, in
the first survey of its kind since
1952, the paper reported that Negro 
enrollments have declined percentagewise 
in 10 of the 17 .states
during the last four years.
In most Instances the declines
are fractional, and Negro enrollment 
relative to total enrollment
for the whole region had dropped
only 0.2 per cent since 1952 Small
to substantial declines were noted
percentagewise In Alabama, Florida, 
Georgia, Louisiana. Mississippi,
North Carolina. South Carolina.
Texts, Virginia and West Virginia.
Southern School News reported
that Georgia. Mississippi, South
Carolina and Virginia went on record 
in February with varying resolutions 
Interpreted either as
"protests," "interposition," or "nullification." 
The Alabama resolution, 
holding the Supreme Court
decisions, against public school
segregation "null, void and of no
effect." was adopted in January.
The paper said the past month
was highlighted by legislative action 
in five states where pro-segregation 
legislation dominated the
scene and by a federal court decision 
in Louisiana' invalidating
that s'ate's recently-enacted school
segregation laws.
The Louisiana case, it was pointed 
out, was the first test thus far
in the South of protective legislation 
enacted after the original Supreme 
Court decision of May 17
1954.
Of the 266,000 Negro students in
"integrated situations," 81,975 are,
in Maryland, 66,877 are in the Distriet 
of Columbia and 57,000 are in
Missouri. The term "integrated
situations" was held to cover Negro 
pupils (1) now attending formerly 
all-white schools; (2) attending' 
formerly all-Negro schools
which whites .have entered and
(3) eligible to attend mixed schools
in officially desegregated -districts
bat not electing for one reason or
another to do so
Southern School News reports
regularly In a factual manner on
developments following the Supreme
Court decisions through a corps of
W correspondents in the southern
region. Its current, summary of
major developments in this area
state-by-state follows:
ALABAMA—The legislature jjoi
The legislature adopted a "freedom 
of choice" school enrollment
plan—which may lead to the creation 
of three types of raciallyaligned 
school systems—as the
state discussed the Autherine Lucy
cue. (A complete chronological
story of the case will be found in
this month's Alabama report.) At
Montgomery, Gov. James Folsom
caned for a bi-racial commission
to settle" race conflicts and issued
a strong statement in support of
segregation.
A suit was filed by the NAACP

in Little Rock to test that community's 
"gradual" plan for desegreation 
while the Justice Department 
announced that it would
enter the celebrated Hoxie casethe 
first such action by the executive 
branch in support of the Supreme 
Court decisions.
Wilmington (Negro school ratio:
about 34 per cent) announced complete 
desegregation this fall. The
AACP intimated it would tile a
umber of law suits in solidly-segregated 
south Delaware.
School officials have answered
"how-is-it-going?" queries from
parents, saying among other things
that desegregation is a "success"
where there is no more than one
Negro to each three white children
in a school but where Negroes are
in a majority there are "serious"
problems.
SSN Correspondent Bert Collier
reported segregation had become an
important issue in the forthcoming
gubernatorial campaign with Gov
LeRoy Collins warning that Florida
cannot afford an orgy of race
conflict and discord."
The legislature has passed five
the Griffin administration's prosegregation 
bills strengthening the
sale's stand against integration as
well as a resolution declaring the
Supreme Court decisions "null and
void and of no effect."
Louisville's school board has approved 
a plan for desegregation of
he elementary schools this fall
and is considering a plan for 13
junior high schools. Several additional 
districts in Kentucky arc
moving toward desegregation by
plan or action.
State officials are planning an
appeal from a three-Judge federal
court which overthrew Louisiana's
recently enacted school segregation
laws-the first test of its kind in
the country-and will draft legislation 
to still the breach." Mean
while, 'New Orleans Catholics have
been told again that parochial
schools must be desegregated.
Howard County's (20 per cent
Negro) desegregation study group
recommended desegregation for the
fall term as the NAACP threatened 
suits in every count; in which
plans to desegregate are not put
into effect by September.
A resolution of interposition -was
introduced in the legislature Feb
29 following passage of four of
seven bilk sponsored by the Legal
Educational Advisory Commission
to strengthen segregation As a
Mississippi editor called for "positive 
thinking" on the school question. 
Gov. J. p. Coleman said he
would close any school forced by
the courts to accept Negro students. 

A study of elementary schools in
St. Louts has shown that integra,tion 
does not wipe out racial dif

ferences overnight, and neither does
it create "insuperable problem"" of
child behavior.
Gov Luther Hodges, announcing
for his first full-term candidacy.
gave an inkling of legislation he
would advocate, including tuition
grants of transfers "along the lines
of the Virginia proposal." An appeal 
to the U. S. Supreme Court
was filed in the University of
North Carolina case Three Negro
undergraduates admitted there told
a newsman they had encountered
no obstacles in their student careers 
begun in September.
The state Board of Education
has adopted a new transportation
policy designed to speed up integration 
and make it more profitable 
budget-wise to local school
districts.
As the legislature busied itself
with a myriad of new bils to
strengthen the state's official protest 
against the U. S. Supreme
Court decisions omitting the words
interposition" or "nullification."
Calls for "moderation" were being
ing voiced while Nashville and
Davidson County boards were reported 
to be considering gradual
desegregation plans beginning at
the fir: t grade and working up a
year at a time.
Gov. Allan Shivers has suggested 
a statewide referendum on interposition, 
with an eye to state
regulation of the oil and gas industries 
as well as segregation. The
Kerrville board—apparently the
66th in Texas—disclosed plans for
a three-year desegregation program 
involving about 100 Negro
scholastics. The NAACP announced 
it would attack segregated
schooling all through Texas. In
Houston (the nation's largest segregated 
school system) the school
board held a six-hoar desegregation 
hearing Feb. 27 but reached
no conclusions.
The legislature overwhelming
approved an interposition resolution 
The state's attorney general
held the resolution cannot be used
as a legal defense in the Prince
Edward County case (one of the
original five cases retching the U.
S. Supreme Court) and does not
enforcement of the court's
decision, though he praised it as a
protest Arlington County, which
had announced desegregation plans
land what was In effect prohibitive 
legislation in the General Astembly. 

An NAACP suit was filed in McDowell 
County though the school
board apparently had decided on a
program of desegregation. A Charleston 
newspaper reported editorially 
that with the opening of next
fall's term, pupils in "every one of
our 55 counties will be attending
mixed classes"
Columbus. Ohio — John Blackborn, 
who now lives in Alexandria,
had his 17.jewel watch stolen 15
Years ago, while living in Columbus 
Recently detectives located the
watch in a routine check at pawnshops 
and sent it to Blackburn.

MISSISSIPPI

the District of Columbia. Also, in
the first survey of its kind since
1952, the paper reported that Negro 
enrollments have declined percentagewise 
in 10 of the 17 .states
during the last four years.
In most Instances the declines
are fractional, and Negro enrollment 
relative to total enrollment
for the whole region had dropped
only 0.2 per cent since 1952 Small
to substantial declines were noted
percentagewise In Alabama, Florida, 
Georgia, Louisiana. Mississippi,
North Carolina. South Carolina.
Texts, Virginia and West Virginia.
Southern School News reported
that Georgia. Mississippi, South
Carolina and Virginia went on record 
in February with varying resolutions 
Interpreted either as
"protests," "interposition," or "nullification." 
The Alabama resolution, 
holding the Supreme Court
decisions, against public school
segregation "null, void and of no
effect." was adopted in January.
The paper said the past month
was highlighted by legislative action 
in five states where pro-segregation 
legislation dominated the
scene and by a federal court decision 
in Louisiana' invalidating
that s'ate's recently-enacted school
segregation laws.
The Louisiana case, it was pointed 
out, was the first test thus far
in the South of protective legislation 
enacted after the original Supreme 
Court decision of May 17
1954.
Of the 266,000 Negro students in
"integrated situations," 81,975 are,
in Maryland, 66,877 are in the Distriet 
of Columbia and 57,000 are in
Missouri. The term "integrated
situations" was held to cover Negro 
pupils (1) now attending formerly 
all-white schools; (2) attending' 
formerly all-Negro schools
which whites .have entered and
(3) eligible to attend mixed schools
in officially desegregated -districts
bat not electing for one reason or
another to do so
Southern School News reports
regularly In a factual manner on
developments following the Supreme
Court decisions through a corps of
W correspondents in the southern
region. Its current, summary of
major developments in this area
state-by-state follows:
ALABAMA—The legislature jjoi
The legislature adopted a "freedom 
of choice" school enrollment
plan—which may lead to the creation 
of three types of raciallyaligned 
school systems—as the
state discussed the Autherine Lucy
cue. (A complete chronological
story of the case will be found in
this month's Alabama report.) At
Montgomery, Gov. James Folsom
caned for a bi-racial commission
to settle" race conflicts and issued
a strong statement in support of
segregation.
A suit was filed by the NAACP

in Little Rock to test that community's 
"gradual" plan for desegreation 
while the Justice Department 
announced that it would
enter the celebrated Hoxie casethe 
first such action by the executive 
branch in support of the Supreme 
Court decisions.
Wilmington (Negro school ratio:
about 34 per cent) announced complete 
desegregation this fall. The
AACP intimated it would tile a
umber of law suits in solidly-segregated 
south Delaware.
School officials have answered
"how-is-it-going?" queries from
parents, saying among other things
that desegregation is a "success"
where there is no more than one
Negro to each three white children
in a school but where Negroes are
in a majority there are "serious"
problems.
SSN Correspondent Bert Collier
reported segregation had become an
important issue in the forthcoming
gubernatorial campaign with Gov
LeRoy Collins warning that Florida
cannot afford an orgy of race
conflict and discord."
The legislature has passed five
the Griffin administration's prosegregation 
bills strengthening the
sale's stand against integration as
well as a resolution declaring the
Supreme Court decisions "null and
void and of no effect."
Louisville's school board has approved 
a plan for desegregation of
he elementary schools this fall
and is considering a plan for 13
junior high schools. Several additional 
districts in Kentucky arc
moving toward desegregation by
plan or action.
State officials are planning an
appeal from a three-Judge federal
court which overthrew Louisiana's
recently enacted school segregation
laws-the first test of its kind in
the country-and will draft legislation 
to still the breach." Mean
while, 'New Orleans Catholics have
been told again that parochial
schools must be desegregated.
Howard County's (20 per cent
Negro) desegregation study group
recommended desegregation for the
fall term as the NAACP threatened 
suits in every count; in which
plans to desegregate are not put
into effect by September.
A resolution of interposition -was
introduced in the legislature Feb
29 following passage of four of
seven bilk sponsored by the Legal
Educational Advisory Commission
to strengthen segregation As a
Mississippi editor called for "positive 
thinking" on the school question. 
Gov. J. p. Coleman said he
would close any school forced by
the courts to accept Negro students. 

A study of elementary schools in
St. Louts has shown that integra,tion 
does not wipe out racial dif

ferences overnight, and neither does
it create "insuperable problem"" of
child behavior.
Gov Luther Hodges, announcing
for his first full-term candidacy.
gave an inkling of legislation he
would advocate, including tuition
grants of transfers "along the lines
of the Virginia proposal." An appeal 
to the U. S. Supreme Court
was filed in the University of
North Carolina case Three Negro
undergraduates admitted there told
a newsman they had encountered
no obstacles in their student careers 
begun in September.
The state Board of Education
has adopted a new transportation
policy designed to speed up integration 
and make it more profitable 
budget-wise to local school
districts.
As the legislature busied itself
with a myriad of new bils to
strengthen the state's official protest 
against the U. S. Supreme
Court decisions omitting the words
interposition" or "nullification."
Calls for "moderation" were being
ing voiced while Nashville and
Davidson County boards were reported 
to be considering gradual
desegregation plans beginning at
the fir: t grade and working up a
year at a time.
Gov. Allan Shivers has suggested 
a statewide referendum on interposition, 
with an eye to state
regulation of the oil and gas industries 
as well as segregation. The
Kerrville board—apparently the
66th in Texas—disclosed plans for
a three-year desegregation program 
involving about 100 Negro
scholastics. The NAACP announced 
it would attack segregated
schooling all through Texas. In
Houston (the nation's largest segregated 
school system) the school
board held a six-hoar desegregation 
hearing Feb. 27 but reached
no conclusions.
The legislature overwhelming
approved an interposition resolution 
The state's attorney general
held the resolution cannot be used
as a legal defense in the Prince
Edward County case (one of the
original five cases retching the U.
S. Supreme Court) and does not
enforcement of the court's
decision, though he praised it as a
protest Arlington County, which
had announced desegregation plans
land what was In effect prohibitive 
legislation in the General Astembly. 

An NAACP suit was filed in McDowell 
County though the school
board apparently had decided on a
program of desegregation. A Charleston 
newspaper reported editorially 
that with the opening of next
fall's term, pupils in "every one of
our 55 counties will be attending
mixed classes"
Columbus. Ohio — John Blackborn, 
who now lives in Alexandria,
had his 17.jewel watch stolen 15
Years ago, while living in Columbus 
Recently detectives located the
watch in a routine check at pawnshops 
and sent it to Blackburn.

MISSOURI

the District of Columbia. Also, in
the first survey of its kind since
1952, the paper reported that Negro 
enrollments have declined percentagewise 
in 10 of the 17 .states
during the last four years.
In most Instances the declines
are fractional, and Negro enrollment 
relative to total enrollment
for the whole region had dropped
only 0.2 per cent since 1952 Small
to substantial declines were noted
percentagewise In Alabama, Florida, 
Georgia, Louisiana. Mississippi,
North Carolina. South Carolina.
Texts, Virginia and West Virginia.
Southern School News reported
that Georgia. Mississippi, South
Carolina and Virginia went on record 
in February with varying resolutions 
Interpreted either as
"protests," "interposition," or "nullification." 
The Alabama resolution, 
holding the Supreme Court
decisions, against public school
segregation "null, void and of no
effect." was adopted in January.
The paper said the past month
was highlighted by legislative action 
in five states where pro-segregation 
legislation dominated the
scene and by a federal court decision 
in Louisiana' invalidating
that s'ate's recently-enacted school
segregation laws.
The Louisiana case, it was pointed 
out, was the first test thus far
in the South of protective legislation 
enacted after the original Supreme 
Court decision of May 17
1954.
Of the 266,000 Negro students in
"integrated situations," 81,975 are,
in Maryland, 66,877 are in the Distriet 
of Columbia and 57,000 are in
Missouri. The term "integrated
situations" was held to cover Negro 
pupils (1) now attending formerly 
all-white schools; (2) attending' 
formerly all-Negro schools
which whites .have entered and
(3) eligible to attend mixed schools
in officially desegregated -districts
bat not electing for one reason or
another to do so
Southern School News reports
regularly In a factual manner on
developments following the Supreme
Court decisions through a corps of
W correspondents in the southern
region. Its current, summary of
major developments in this area
state-by-state follows:
ALABAMA—The legislature jjoi
The legislature adopted a "freedom 
of choice" school enrollment
plan—which may lead to the creation 
of three types of raciallyaligned 
school systems—as the
state discussed the Autherine Lucy
cue. (A complete chronological
story of the case will be found in
this month's Alabama report.) At
Montgomery, Gov. James Folsom
caned for a bi-racial commission
to settle" race conflicts and issued
a strong statement in support of
segregation.
A suit was filed by the NAACP

in Little Rock to test that community's 
"gradual" plan for desegreation 
while the Justice Department 
announced that it would
enter the celebrated Hoxie casethe 
first such action by the executive 
branch in support of the Supreme 
Court decisions.
Wilmington (Negro school ratio:
about 34 per cent) announced complete 
desegregation this fall. The
AACP intimated it would tile a
umber of law suits in solidly-segregated 
south Delaware.
School officials have answered
"how-is-it-going?" queries from
parents, saying among other things
that desegregation is a "success"
where there is no more than one
Negro to each three white children
in a school but where Negroes are
in a majority there are "serious"
problems.
SSN Correspondent Bert Collier
reported segregation had become an
important issue in the forthcoming
gubernatorial campaign with Gov
LeRoy Collins warning that Florida
cannot afford an orgy of race
conflict and discord."
The legislature has passed five
the Griffin administration's prosegregation 
bills strengthening the
sale's stand against integration as
well as a resolution declaring the
Supreme Court decisions "null and
void and of no effect."
Louisville's school board has approved 
a plan for desegregation of
he elementary schools this fall
and is considering a plan for 13
junior high schools. Several additional 
districts in Kentucky arc
moving toward desegregation by
plan or action.
State officials are planning an
appeal from a three-Judge federal
court which overthrew Louisiana's
recently enacted school segregation
laws-the first test of its kind in
the country-and will draft legislation 
to still the breach." Mean
while, 'New Orleans Catholics have
been told again that parochial
schools must be desegregated.
Howard County's (20 per cent
Negro) desegregation study group
recommended desegregation for the
fall term as the NAACP threatened 
suits in every count; in which
plans to desegregate are not put
into effect by September.
A resolution of interposition -was
introduced in the legislature Feb
29 following passage of four of
seven bilk sponsored by the Legal
Educational Advisory Commission
to strengthen segregation As a
Mississippi editor called for "positive 
thinking" on the school question. 
Gov. J. p. Coleman said he
would close any school forced by
the courts to accept Negro students. 

A study of elementary schools in
St. Louts has shown that integra,tion 
does not wipe out racial dif

ferences overnight, and neither does
it create "insuperable problem"" of
child behavior.
Gov Luther Hodges, announcing
for his first full-term candidacy.
gave an inkling of legislation he
would advocate, including tuition
grants of transfers "along the lines
of the Virginia proposal." An appeal 
to the U. S. Supreme Court
was filed in the University of
North Carolina case Three Negro
undergraduates admitted there told
a newsman they had encountered
no obstacles in their student careers 
begun in September.
The state Board of Education
has adopted a new transportation
policy designed to speed up integration 
and make it more profitable 
budget-wise to local school
districts.
As the legislature busied itself
with a myriad of new bils to
strengthen the state's official protest 
against the U. S. Supreme
Court decisions omitting the words
interposition" or "nullification."
Calls for "moderation" were being
ing voiced while Nashville and
Davidson County boards were reported 
to be considering gradual
desegregation plans beginning at
the fir: t grade and working up a
year at a time.
Gov. Allan Shivers has suggested 
a statewide referendum on interposition, 
with an eye to state
regulation of the oil and gas industries 
as well as segregation. The
Kerrville board—apparently the
66th in Texas—disclosed plans for
a three-year desegregation program 
involving about 100 Negro
scholastics. The NAACP announced 
it would attack segregated
schooling all through Texas. In
Houston (the nation's largest segregated 
school system) the school
board held a six-hoar desegregation 
hearing Feb. 27 but reached
no conclusions.
The legislature overwhelming
approved an interposition resolution 
The state's attorney general
held the resolution cannot be used
as a legal defense in the Prince
Edward County case (one of the
original five cases retching the U.
S. Supreme Court) and does not
enforcement of the court's
decision, though he praised it as a
protest Arlington County, which
had announced desegregation plans
land what was In effect prohibitive 
legislation in the General Astembly. 

An NAACP suit was filed in McDowell 
County though the school
board apparently had decided on a
program of desegregation. A Charleston 
newspaper reported editorially 
that with the opening of next
fall's term, pupils in "every one of
our 55 counties will be attending
mixed classes"
Columbus. Ohio — John Blackborn, 
who now lives in Alexandria,
had his 17.jewel watch stolen 15
Years ago, while living in Columbus 
Recently detectives located the
watch in a routine check at pawnshops 
and sent it to Blackburn.

NORTH CAROLINA

the District of Columbia. Also, in
the first survey of its kind since
1952, the paper reported that Negro 
enrollments have declined percentagewise 
in 10 of the 17 .states
during the last four years.
In most Instances the declines
are fractional, and Negro enrollment 
relative to total enrollment
for the whole region had dropped
only 0.2 per cent since 1952 Small
to substantial declines were noted
percentagewise In Alabama, Florida, 
Georgia, Louisiana. Mississippi,
North Carolina. South Carolina.
Texts, Virginia and West Virginia.
Southern School News reported
that Georgia. Mississippi, South
Carolina and Virginia went on record 
in February with varying resolutions 
Interpreted either as
"protests," "interposition," or "nullification." 
The Alabama resolution, 
holding the Supreme Court
decisions, against public school
segregation "null, void and of no
effect." was adopted in January.
The paper said the past month
was highlighted by legislative action 
in five states where pro-segregation 
legislation dominated the
scene and by a federal court decision 
in Louisiana' invalidating
that s'ate's recently-enacted school
segregation laws.
The Louisiana case, it was pointed 
out, was the first test thus far
in the South of protective legislation 
enacted after the original Supreme 
Court decision of May 17
1954.
Of the 266,000 Negro students in
"integrated situations," 81,975 are,
in Maryland, 66,877 are in the Distriet 
of Columbia and 57,000 are in
Missouri. The term "integrated
situations" was held to cover Negro 
pupils (1) now attending formerly 
all-white schools; (2) attending' 
formerly all-Negro schools
which whites .have entered and
(3) eligible to attend mixed schools
in officially desegregated -districts
bat not electing for one reason or
another to do so
Southern School News reports
regularly In a factual manner on
developments following the Supreme
Court decisions through a corps of
W correspondents in the southern
region. Its current, summary of
major developments in this area
state-by-state follows:
ALABAMA—The legislature jjoi
The legislature adopted a "freedom 
of choice" school enrollment
plan—which may lead to the creation 
of three types of raciallyaligned 
school systems—as the
state discussed the Autherine Lucy
cue. (A complete chronological
story of the case will be found in
this month's Alabama report.) At
Montgomery, Gov. James Folsom
caned for a bi-racial commission
to settle" race conflicts and issued
a strong statement in support of
segregation.
A suit was filed by the NAACP

in Little Rock to test that community's 
"gradual" plan for desegreation 
while the Justice Department 
announced that it would
enter the celebrated Hoxie casethe 
first such action by the executive 
branch in support of the Supreme 
Court decisions.
Wilmington (Negro school ratio:
about 34 per cent) announced complete 
desegregation this fall. The
AACP intimated it would tile a
umber of law suits in solidly-segregated 
south Delaware.
School officials have answered
"how-is-it-going?" queries from
parents, saying among other things
that desegregation is a "success"
where there is no more than one
Negro to each three white children
in a school but where Negroes are
in a majority there are "serious"
problems.
SSN Correspondent Bert Collier
reported segregation had become an
important issue in the forthcoming
gubernatorial campaign with Gov
LeRoy Collins warning that Florida
cannot afford an orgy of race
conflict and discord."
The legislature has passed five
the Griffin administration's prosegregation 
bills strengthening the
sale's stand against integration as
well as a resolution declaring the
Supreme Court decisions "null and
void and of no effect."
Louisville's school board has approved 
a plan for desegregation of
he elementary schools this fall
and is considering a plan for 13
junior high schools. Several additional 
districts in Kentucky arc
moving toward desegregation by
plan or action.
State officials are planning an
appeal from a three-Judge federal
court which overthrew Louisiana's
recently enacted school segregation
laws-the first test of its kind in
the country-and will draft legislation 
to still the breach." Mean
while, 'New Orleans Catholics have
been told again that parochial
schools must be desegregated.
Howard County's (20 per cent
Negro) desegregation study group
recommended desegregation for the
fall term as the NAACP threatened 
suits in every count; in which
plans to desegregate are not put
into effect by September.
A resolution of interposition -was
introduced in the legislature Feb
29 following passage of four of
seven bilk sponsored by the Legal
Educational Advisory Commission
to strengthen segregation As a
Mississippi editor called for "positive 
thinking" on the school question. 
Gov. J. p. Coleman said he
would close any school forced by
the courts to accept Negro students. 

A study of elementary schools in
St. Louts has shown that integra,tion 
does not wipe out racial dif

ferences overnight, and neither does
it create "insuperable problem"" of
child behavior.
Gov Luther Hodges, announcing
for his first full-term candidacy.
gave an inkling of legislation he
would advocate, including tuition
grants of transfers "along the lines
of the Virginia proposal." An appeal 
to the U. S. Supreme Court
was filed in the University of
North Carolina case Three Negro
undergraduates admitted there told
a newsman they had encountered
no obstacles in their student careers 
begun in September.
The state Board of Education
has adopted a new transportation
policy designed to speed up integration 
and make it more profitable 
budget-wise to local school
districts.
As the legislature busied itself
with a myriad of new bils to
strengthen the state's official protest 
against the U. S. Supreme
Court decisions omitting the words
interposition" or "nullification."
Calls for "moderation" were being
ing voiced while Nashville and
Davidson County boards were reported 
to be considering gradual
desegregation plans beginning at
the fir: t grade and working up a
year at a time.
Gov. Allan Shivers has suggested 
a statewide referendum on interposition, 
with an eye to state
regulation of the oil and gas industries 
as well as segregation. The
Kerrville board—apparently the
66th in Texas—disclosed plans for
a three-year desegregation program 
involving about 100 Negro
scholastics. The NAACP announced 
it would attack segregated
schooling all through Texas. In
Houston (the nation's largest segregated 
school system) the school
board held a six-hoar desegregation 
hearing Feb. 27 but reached
no conclusions.
The legislature overwhelming
approved an interposition resolution 
The state's attorney general
held the resolution cannot be used
as a legal defense in the Prince
Edward County case (one of the
original five cases retching the U.
S. Supreme Court) and does not
enforcement of the court's
decision, though he praised it as a
protest Arlington County, which
had announced desegregation plans
land what was In effect prohibitive 
legislation in the General Astembly. 

An NAACP suit was filed in McDowell 
County though the school
board apparently had decided on a
program of desegregation. A Charleston 
newspaper reported editorially 
that with the opening of next
fall's term, pupils in "every one of
our 55 counties will be attending
mixed classes"
Columbus. Ohio — John Blackborn, 
who now lives in Alexandria,
had his 17.jewel watch stolen 15
Years ago, while living in Columbus 
Recently detectives located the
watch in a routine check at pawnshops 
and sent it to Blackburn.

OKLAHOMA

the District of Columbia. Also, in
the first survey of its kind since
1952, the paper reported that Negro 
enrollments have declined percentagewise 
in 10 of the 17 .states
during the last four years.
In most Instances the declines
are fractional, and Negro enrollment 
relative to total enrollment
for the whole region had dropped
only 0.2 per cent since 1952 Small
to substantial declines were noted
percentagewise In Alabama, Florida, 
Georgia, Louisiana. Mississippi,
North Carolina. South Carolina.
Texts, Virginia and West Virginia.
Southern School News reported
that Georgia. Mississippi, South
Carolina and Virginia went on record 
in February with varying resolutions 
Interpreted either as
"protests," "interposition," or "nullification." 
The Alabama resolution, 
holding the Supreme Court
decisions, against public school
segregation "null, void and of no
effect." was adopted in January.
The paper said the past month
was highlighted by legislative action 
in five states where pro-segregation 
legislation dominated the
scene and by a federal court decision 
in Louisiana' invalidating
that s'ate's recently-enacted school
segregation laws.
The Louisiana case, it was pointed 
out, was the first test thus far
in the South of protective legislation 
enacted after the original Supreme 
Court decision of May 17
1954.
Of the 266,000 Negro students in
"integrated situations," 81,975 are,
in Maryland, 66,877 are in the Distriet 
of Columbia and 57,000 are in
Missouri. The term "integrated
situations" was held to cover Negro 
pupils (1) now attending formerly 
all-white schools; (2) attending' 
formerly all-Negro schools
which whites .have entered and
(3) eligible to attend mixed schools
in officially desegregated -districts
bat not electing for one reason or
another to do so
Southern School News reports
regularly In a factual manner on
developments following the Supreme
Court decisions through a corps of
W correspondents in the southern
region. Its current, summary of
major developments in this area
state-by-state follows:
ALABAMA—The legislature jjoi
The legislature adopted a "freedom 
of choice" school enrollment
plan—which may lead to the creation 
of three types of raciallyaligned 
school systems—as the
state discussed the Autherine Lucy
cue. (A complete chronological
story of the case will be found in
this month's Alabama report.) At
Montgomery, Gov. James Folsom
caned for a bi-racial commission
to settle" race conflicts and issued
a strong statement in support of
segregation.
A suit was filed by the NAACP

in Little Rock to test that community's 
"gradual" plan for desegreation 
while the Justice Department 
announced that it would
enter the celebrated Hoxie casethe 
first such action by the executive 
branch in support of the Supreme 
Court decisions.
Wilmington (Negro school ratio:
about 34 per cent) announced complete 
desegregation this fall. The
AACP intimated it would tile a
umber of law suits in solidly-segregated 
south Delaware.
School officials have answered
"how-is-it-going?" queries from
parents, saying among other things
that desegregation is a "success"
where there is no more than one
Negro to each three white children
in a school but where Negroes are
in a majority there are "serious"
problems.
SSN Correspondent Bert Collier
reported segregation had become an
important issue in the forthcoming
gubernatorial campaign with Gov
LeRoy Collins warning that Florida
cannot afford an orgy of race
conflict and discord."
The legislature has passed five
the Griffin administration's prosegregation 
bills strengthening the
sale's stand against integration as
well as a resolution declaring the
Supreme Court decisions "null and
void and of no effect."
Louisville's school board has approved 
a plan for desegregation of
he elementary schools this fall
and is considering a plan for 13
junior high schools. Several additional 
districts in Kentucky arc
moving toward desegregation by
plan or action.
State officials are planning an
appeal from a three-Judge federal
court which overthrew Louisiana's
recently enacted school segregation
laws-the first test of its kind in
the country-and will draft legislation 
to still the breach." Mean
while, 'New Orleans Catholics have
been told again that parochial
schools must be desegregated.
Howard County's (20 per cent
Negro) desegregation study group
recommended desegregation for the
fall term as the NAACP threatened 
suits in every count; in which
plans to desegregate are not put
into effect by September.
A resolution of interposition -was
introduced in the legislature Feb
29 following passage of four of
seven bilk sponsored by the Legal
Educational Advisory Commission
to strengthen segregation As a
Mississippi editor called for "positive 
thinking" on the school question. 
Gov. J. p. Coleman said he
would close any school forced by
the courts to accept Negro students. 

A study of elementary schools in
St. Louts has shown that integra,tion 
does not wipe out racial dif

ferences overnight, and neither does
it create "insuperable problem"" of
child behavior.
Gov Luther Hodges, announcing
for his first full-term candidacy.
gave an inkling of legislation he
would advocate, including tuition
grants of transfers "along the lines
of the Virginia proposal." An appeal 
to the U. S. Supreme Court
was filed in the University of
North Carolina case Three Negro
undergraduates admitted there told
a newsman they had encountered
no obstacles in their student careers 
begun in September.
The state Board of Education
has adopted a new transportation
policy designed to speed up integration 
and make it more profitable 
budget-wise to local school
districts.
As the legislature busied itself
with a myriad of new bils to
strengthen the state's official protest 
against the U. S. Supreme
Court decisions omitting the words
interposition" or "nullification."
Calls for "moderation" were being
ing voiced while Nashville and
Davidson County boards were reported 
to be considering gradual
desegregation plans beginning at
the fir: t grade and working up a
year at a time.
Gov. Allan Shivers has suggested 
a statewide referendum on interposition, 
with an eye to state
regulation of the oil and gas industries 
as well as segregation. The
Kerrville board—apparently the
66th in Texas—disclosed plans for
a three-year desegregation program 
involving about 100 Negro
scholastics. The NAACP announced 
it would attack segregated
schooling all through Texas. In
Houston (the nation's largest segregated 
school system) the school
board held a six-hoar desegregation 
hearing Feb. 27 but reached
no conclusions.
The legislature overwhelming
approved an interposition resolution 
The state's attorney general
held the resolution cannot be used
as a legal defense in the Prince
Edward County case (one of the
original five cases retching the U.
S. Supreme Court) and does not
enforcement of the court's
decision, though he praised it as a
protest Arlington County, which
had announced desegregation plans
land what was In effect prohibitive 
legislation in the General Astembly. 

An NAACP suit was filed in McDowell 
County though the school
board apparently had decided on a
program of desegregation. A Charleston 
newspaper reported editorially 
that with the opening of next
fall's term, pupils in "every one of
our 55 counties will be attending
mixed classes"
Columbus. Ohio — John Blackborn, 
who now lives in Alexandria,
had his 17.jewel watch stolen 15
Years ago, while living in Columbus 
Recently detectives located the
watch in a routine check at pawnshops 
and sent it to Blackburn.

SOUTH CAROLINA

the District of Columbia. Also, in
the first survey of its kind since
1952, the paper reported that Negro 
enrollments have declined percentagewise 
in 10 of the 17 .states
during the last four years.
In most Instances the declines
are fractional, and Negro enrollment 
relative to total enrollment
for the whole region had dropped
only 0.2 per cent since 1952 Small
to substantial declines were noted
percentagewise In Alabama, Florida, 
Georgia, Louisiana. Mississippi,
North Carolina. South Carolina.
Texts, Virginia and West Virginia.
Southern School News reported
that Georgia. Mississippi, South
Carolina and Virginia went on record 
in February with varying resolutions 
Interpreted either as
"protests," "interposition," or "nullification." 
The Alabama resolution, 
holding the Supreme Court
decisions, against public school
segregation "null, void and of no
effect." was adopted in January.
The paper said the past month
was highlighted by legislative action 
in five states where pro-segregation 
legislation dominated the
scene and by a federal court decision 
in Louisiana' invalidating
that s'ate's recently-enacted school
segregation laws.
The Louisiana case, it was pointed 
out, was the first test thus far
in the South of protective legislation 
enacted after the original Supreme 
Court decision of May 17
1954.
Of the 266,000 Negro students in
"integrated situations," 81,975 are,
in Maryland, 66,877 are in the Distriet 
of Columbia and 57,000 are in
Missouri. The term "integrated
situations" was held to cover Negro 
pupils (1) now attending formerly 
all-white schools; (2) attending' 
formerly all-Negro schools
which whites .have entered and
(3) eligible to attend mixed schools
in officially desegregated -districts
bat not electing for one reason or
another to do so
Southern School News reports
regularly In a factual manner on
developments following the Supreme
Court decisions through a corps of
W correspondents in the southern
region. Its current, summary of
major developments in this area
state-by-state follows:
ALABAMA—The legislature jjoi
The legislature adopted a "freedom 
of choice" school enrollment
plan—which may lead to the creation 
of three types of raciallyaligned 
school systems—as the
state discussed the Autherine Lucy
cue. (A complete chronological
story of the case will be found in
this month's Alabama report.) At
Montgomery, Gov. James Folsom
caned for a bi-racial commission
to settle" race conflicts and issued
a strong statement in support of
segregation.
A suit was filed by the NAACP

in Little Rock to test that community's 
"gradual" plan for desegreation 
while the Justice Department 
announced that it would
enter the celebrated Hoxie casethe 
first such action by the executive 
branch in support of the Supreme 
Court decisions.
Wilmington (Negro school ratio:
about 34 per cent) announced complete 
desegregation this fall. The
AACP intimated it would tile a
umber of law suits in solidly-segregated 
south Delaware.
School officials have answered
"how-is-it-going?" queries from
parents, saying among other things
that desegregation is a "success"
where there is no more than one
Negro to each three white children
in a school but where Negroes are
in a majority there are "serious"
problems.
SSN Correspondent Bert Collier
reported segregation had become an
important issue in the forthcoming
gubernatorial campaign with Gov
LeRoy Collins warning that Florida
cannot afford an orgy of race
conflict and discord."
The legislature has passed five
the Griffin administration's prosegregation 
bills strengthening the
sale's stand against integration as
well as a resolution declaring the
Supreme Court decisions "null and
void and of no effect."
Louisville's school board has approved 
a plan for desegregation of
he elementary schools this fall
and is considering a plan for 13
junior high schools. Several additional 
districts in Kentucky arc
moving toward desegregation by
plan or action.
State officials are planning an
appeal from a three-Judge federal
court which overthrew Louisiana's
recently enacted school segregation
laws-the first test of its kind in
the country-and will draft legislation 
to still the breach." Mean
while, 'New Orleans Catholics have
been told again that parochial
schools must be desegregated.
Howard County's (20 per cent
Negro) desegregation study group
recommended desegregation for the
fall term as the NAACP threatened 
suits in every count; in which
plans to desegregate are not put
into effect by September.
A resolution of interposition -was
introduced in the legislature Feb
29 following passage of four of
seven bilk sponsored by the Legal
Educational Advisory Commission
to strengthen segregation As a
Mississippi editor called for "positive 
thinking" on the school question. 
Gov. J. p. Coleman said he
would close any school forced by
the courts to accept Negro students. 

A study of elementary schools in
St. Louts has shown that integra,tion 
does not wipe out racial dif

ferences overnight, and neither does
it create "insuperable problem"" of
child behavior.
Gov Luther Hodges, announcing
for his first full-term candidacy.
gave an inkling of legislation he
would advocate, including tuition
grants of transfers "along the lines
of the Virginia proposal." An appeal 
to the U. S. Supreme Court
was filed in the University of
North Carolina case Three Negro
undergraduates admitted there told
a newsman they had encountered
no obstacles in their student careers 
begun in September.
The state Board of Education
has adopted a new transportation
policy designed to speed up integration 
and make it more profitable 
budget-wise to local school
districts.
As the legislature busied itself
with a myriad of new bils to
strengthen the state's official protest 
against the U. S. Supreme
Court decisions omitting the words
interposition" or "nullification."
Calls for "moderation" were being
ing voiced while Nashville and
Davidson County boards were reported 
to be considering gradual
desegregation plans beginning at
the fir: t grade and working up a
year at a time.
Gov. Allan Shivers has suggested 
a statewide referendum on interposition, 
with an eye to state
regulation of the oil and gas industries 
as well as segregation. The
Kerrville board—apparently the
66th in Texas—disclosed plans for
a three-year desegregation program 
involving about 100 Negro
scholastics. The NAACP announced 
it would attack segregated
schooling all through Texas. In
Houston (the nation's largest segregated 
school system) the school
board held a six-hoar desegregation 
hearing Feb. 27 but reached
no conclusions.
The legislature overwhelming
approved an interposition resolution 
The state's attorney general
held the resolution cannot be used
as a legal defense in the Prince
Edward County case (one of the
original five cases retching the U.
S. Supreme Court) and does not
enforcement of the court's
decision, though he praised it as a
protest Arlington County, which
had announced desegregation plans
land what was In effect prohibitive 
legislation in the General Astembly. 

An NAACP suit was filed in McDowell 
County though the school
board apparently had decided on a
program of desegregation. A Charleston 
newspaper reported editorially 
that with the opening of next
fall's term, pupils in "every one of
our 55 counties will be attending
mixed classes"
Columbus. Ohio — John Blackborn, 
who now lives in Alexandria,
had his 17.jewel watch stolen 15
Years ago, while living in Columbus 
Recently detectives located the
watch in a routine check at pawnshops 
and sent it to Blackburn.

TENNESSEE

the District of Columbia. Also, in
the first survey of its kind since
1952, the paper reported that Negro 
enrollments have declined percentagewise 
in 10 of the 17 .states
during the last four years.
In most Instances the declines
are fractional, and Negro enrollment 
relative to total enrollment
for the whole region had dropped
only 0.2 per cent since 1952 Small
to substantial declines were noted
percentagewise In Alabama, Florida, 
Georgia, Louisiana. Mississippi,
North Carolina. South Carolina.
Texts, Virginia and West Virginia.
Southern School News reported
that Georgia. Mississippi, South
Carolina and Virginia went on record 
in February with varying resolutions 
Interpreted either as
"protests," "interposition," or "nullification." 
The Alabama resolution, 
holding the Supreme Court
decisions, against public school
segregation "null, void and of no
effect." was adopted in January.
The paper said the past month
was highlighted by legislative action 
in five states where pro-segregation 
legislation dominated the
scene and by a federal court decision 
in Louisiana' invalidating
that s'ate's recently-enacted school
segregation laws.
The Louisiana case, it was pointed 
out, was the first test thus far
in the South of protective legislation 
enacted after the original Supreme 
Court decision of May 17
1954.
Of the 266,000 Negro students in
"integrated situations," 81,975 are,
in Maryland, 66,877 are in the Distriet 
of Columbia and 57,000 are in
Missouri. The term "integrated
situations" was held to cover Negro 
pupils (1) now attending formerly 
all-white schools; (2) attending' 
formerly all-Negro schools
which whites .have entered and
(3) eligible to attend mixed schools
in officially desegregated -districts
bat not electing for one reason or
another to do so
Southern School News reports
regularly In a factual manner on
developments following the Supreme
Court decisions through a corps of
W correspondents in the southern
region. Its current, summary of
major developments in this area
state-by-state follows:
ALABAMA—The legislature jjoi
The legislature adopted a "freedom 
of choice" school enrollment
plan—which may lead to the creation 
of three types of raciallyaligned 
school systems—as the
state discussed the Autherine Lucy
cue. (A complete chronological
story of the case will be found in
this month's Alabama report.) At
Montgomery, Gov. James Folsom
caned for a bi-racial commission
to settle" race conflicts and issued
a strong statement in support of
segregation.
A suit was filed by the NAACP

in Little Rock to test that community's 
"gradual" plan for desegreation 
while the Justice Department 
announced that it would
enter the celebrated Hoxie casethe 
first such action by the executive 
branch in support of the Supreme 
Court decisions.
Wilmington (Negro school ratio:
about 34 per cent) announced complete 
desegregation this fall. The
AACP intimated it would tile a
umber of law suits in solidly-segregated 
south Delaware.
School officials have answered
"how-is-it-going?" queries from
parents, saying among other things
that desegregation is a "success"
where there is no more than one
Negro to each three white children
in a school but where Negroes are
in a majority there are "serious"
problems.
SSN Correspondent Bert Collier
reported segregation had become an
important issue in the forthcoming
gubernatorial campaign with Gov
LeRoy Collins warning that Florida
cannot afford an orgy of race
conflict and discord."
The legislature has passed five
the Griffin administration's prosegregation 
bills strengthening the
sale's stand against integration as
well as a resolution declaring the
Supreme Court decisions "null and
void and of no effect."
Louisville's school board has approved 
a plan for desegregation of
he elementary schools this fall
and is considering a plan for 13
junior high schools. Several additional 
districts in Kentucky arc
moving toward desegregation by
plan or action.
State officials are planning an
appeal from a three-Judge federal
court which overthrew Louisiana's
recently enacted school segregation
laws-the first test of its kind in
the country-and will draft legislation 
to still the breach." Mean
while, 'New Orleans Catholics have
been told again that parochial
schools must be desegregated.
Howard County's (20 per cent
Negro) desegregation study group
recommended desegregation for the
fall term as the NAACP threatened 
suits in every count; in which
plans to desegregate are not put
into effect by September.
A resolution of interposition -was
introduced in the legislature Feb
29 following passage of four of
seven bilk sponsored by the Legal
Educational Advisory Commission
to strengthen segregation As a
Mississippi editor called for "positive 
thinking" on the school question. 
Gov. J. p. Coleman said he
would close any school forced by
the courts to accept Negro students. 

A study of elementary schools in
St. Louts has shown that integra,tion 
does not wipe out racial dif

ferences overnight, and neither does
it create "insuperable problem"" of
child behavior.
Gov Luther Hodges, announcing
for his first full-term candidacy.
gave an inkling of legislation he
would advocate, including tuition
grants of transfers "along the lines
of the Virginia proposal." An appeal 
to the U. S. Supreme Court
was filed in the University of
North Carolina case Three Negro
undergraduates admitted there told
a newsman they had encountered
no obstacles in their student careers 
begun in September.
The state Board of Education
has adopted a new transportation
policy designed to speed up integration 
and make it more profitable 
budget-wise to local school
districts.
As the legislature busied itself
with a myriad of new bils to
strengthen the state's official protest 
against the U. S. Supreme
Court decisions omitting the words
interposition" or "nullification."
Calls for "moderation" were being
ing voiced while Nashville and
Davidson County boards were reported 
to be considering gradual
desegregation plans beginning at
the fir: t grade and working up a
year at a time.
Gov. Allan Shivers has suggested 
a statewide referendum on interposition, 
with an eye to state
regulation of the oil and gas industries 
as well as segregation. The
Kerrville board—apparently the
66th in Texas—disclosed plans for
a three-year desegregation program 
involving about 100 Negro
scholastics. The NAACP announced 
it would attack segregated
schooling all through Texas. In
Houston (the nation's largest segregated 
school system) the school
board held a six-hoar desegregation 
hearing Feb. 27 but reached
no conclusions.
The legislature overwhelming
approved an interposition resolution 
The state's attorney general
held the resolution cannot be used
as a legal defense in the Prince
Edward County case (one of the
original five cases retching the U.
S. Supreme Court) and does not
enforcement of the court's
decision, though he praised it as a
protest Arlington County, which
had announced desegregation plans
land what was In effect prohibitive 
legislation in the General Astembly. 

An NAACP suit was filed in McDowell 
County though the school
board apparently had decided on a
program of desegregation. A Charleston 
newspaper reported editorially 
that with the opening of next
fall's term, pupils in "every one of
our 55 counties will be attending
mixed classes"
Columbus. Ohio — John Blackborn, 
who now lives in Alexandria,
had his 17.jewel watch stolen 15
Years ago, while living in Columbus 
Recently detectives located the
watch in a routine check at pawnshops 
and sent it to Blackburn.

TEXAS

the District of Columbia. Also, in
the first survey of its kind since
1952, the paper reported that Negro 
enrollments have declined percentagewise 
in 10 of the 17 .states
during the last four years.
In most Instances the declines
are fractional, and Negro enrollment 
relative to total enrollment
for the whole region had dropped
only 0.2 per cent since 1952 Small
to substantial declines were noted
percentagewise In Alabama, Florida, 
Georgia, Louisiana. Mississippi,
North Carolina. South Carolina.
Texts, Virginia and West Virginia.
Southern School News reported
that Georgia. Mississippi, South
Carolina and Virginia went on record 
in February with varying resolutions 
Interpreted either as
"protests," "interposition," or "nullification." 
The Alabama resolution, 
holding the Supreme Court
decisions, against public school
segregation "null, void and of no
effect." was adopted in January.
The paper said the past month
was highlighted by legislative action 
in five states where pro-segregation 
legislation dominated the
scene and by a federal court decision 
in Louisiana' invalidating
that s'ate's recently-enacted school
segregation laws.
The Louisiana case, it was pointed 
out, was the first test thus far
in the South of protective legislation 
enacted after the original Supreme 
Court decision of May 17
1954.
Of the 266,000 Negro students in
"integrated situations," 81,975 are,
in Maryland, 66,877 are in the Distriet 
of Columbia and 57,000 are in
Missouri. The term "integrated
situations" was held to cover Negro 
pupils (1) now attending formerly 
all-white schools; (2) attending' 
formerly all-Negro schools
which whites .have entered and
(3) eligible to attend mixed schools
in officially desegregated -districts
bat not electing for one reason or
another to do so
Southern School News reports
regularly In a factual manner on
developments following the Supreme
Court decisions through a corps of
W correspondents in the southern
region. Its current, summary of
major developments in this area
state-by-state follows:
ALABAMA—The legislature jjoi
The legislature adopted a "freedom 
of choice" school enrollment
plan—which may lead to the creation 
of three types of raciallyaligned 
school systems—as the
state discussed the Autherine Lucy
cue. (A complete chronological
story of the case will be found in
this month's Alabama report.) At
Montgomery, Gov. James Folsom
caned for a bi-racial commission
to settle" race conflicts and issued
a strong statement in support of
segregation.
A suit was filed by the NAACP

in Little Rock to test that community's 
"gradual" plan for desegreation 
while the Justice Department 
announced that it would
enter the celebrated Hoxie casethe 
first such action by the executive 
branch in support of the Supreme 
Court decisions.
Wilmington (Negro school ratio:
about 34 per cent) announced complete 
desegregation this fall. The
AACP intimated it would tile a
umber of law suits in solidly-segregated 
south Delaware.
School officials have answered
"how-is-it-going?" queries from
parents, saying among other things
that desegregation is a "success"
where there is no more than one
Negro to each three white children
in a school but where Negroes are
in a majority there are "serious"
problems.
SSN Correspondent Bert Collier
reported segregation had become an
important issue in the forthcoming
gubernatorial campaign with Gov
LeRoy Collins warning that Florida
cannot afford an orgy of race
conflict and discord."
The legislature has passed five
the Griffin administration's prosegregation 
bills strengthening the
sale's stand against integration as
well as a resolution declaring the
Supreme Court decisions "null and
void and of no effect."
Louisville's school board has approved 
a plan for desegregation of
he elementary schools this fall
and is considering a plan for 13
junior high schools. Several additional 
districts in Kentucky arc
moving toward desegregation by
plan or action.
State officials are planning an
appeal from a three-Judge federal
court which overthrew Louisiana's
recently enacted school segregation
laws-the first test of its kind in
the country-and will draft legislation 
to still the breach." Mean
while, 'New Orleans Catholics have
been told again that parochial
schools must be desegregated.
Howard County's (20 per cent
Negro) desegregation study group
recommended desegregation for the
fall term as the NAACP threatened 
suits in every count; in which
plans to desegregate are not put
into effect by September.
A resolution of interposition -was
introduced in the legislature Feb
29 following passage of four of
seven bilk sponsored by the Legal
Educational Advisory Commission
to strengthen segregation As a
Mississippi editor called for "positive 
thinking" on the school question. 
Gov. J. p. Coleman said he
would close any school forced by
the courts to accept Negro students. 

A study of elementary schools in
St. Louts has shown that integra,tion 
does not wipe out racial dif

ferences overnight, and neither does
it create "insuperable problem"" of
child behavior.
Gov Luther Hodges, announcing
for his first full-term candidacy.
gave an inkling of legislation he
would advocate, including tuition
grants of transfers "along the lines
of the Virginia proposal." An appeal 
to the U. S. Supreme Court
was filed in the University of
North Carolina case Three Negro
undergraduates admitted there told
a newsman they had encountered
no obstacles in their student careers 
begun in September.
The state Board of Education
has adopted a new transportation
policy designed to speed up integration 
and make it more profitable 
budget-wise to local school
districts.
As the legislature busied itself
with a myriad of new bils to
strengthen the state's official protest 
against the U. S. Supreme
Court decisions omitting the words
interposition" or "nullification."
Calls for "moderation" were being
ing voiced while Nashville and
Davidson County boards were reported 
to be considering gradual
desegregation plans beginning at
the fir: t grade and working up a
year at a time.
Gov. Allan Shivers has suggested 
a statewide referendum on interposition, 
with an eye to state
regulation of the oil and gas industries 
as well as segregation. The
Kerrville board—apparently the
66th in Texas—disclosed plans for
a three-year desegregation program 
involving about 100 Negro
scholastics. The NAACP announced 
it would attack segregated
schooling all through Texas. In
Houston (the nation's largest segregated 
school system) the school
board held a six-hoar desegregation 
hearing Feb. 27 but reached
no conclusions.
The legislature overwhelming
approved an interposition resolution 
The state's attorney general
held the resolution cannot be used
as a legal defense in the Prince
Edward County case (one of the
original five cases retching the U.
S. Supreme Court) and does not
enforcement of the court's
decision, though he praised it as a
protest Arlington County, which
had announced desegregation plans
land what was In effect prohibitive 
legislation in the General Astembly. 

An NAACP suit was filed in McDowell 
County though the school
board apparently had decided on a
program of desegregation. A Charleston 
newspaper reported editorially 
that with the opening of next
fall's term, pupils in "every one of
our 55 counties will be attending
mixed classes"
Columbus. Ohio — John Blackborn, 
who now lives in Alexandria,
had his 17.jewel watch stolen 15
Years ago, while living in Columbus 
Recently detectives located the
watch in a routine check at pawnshops 
and sent it to Blackburn.

VIRGINIA

the District of Columbia. Also, in
the first survey of its kind since
1952, the paper reported that Negro 
enrollments have declined percentagewise 
in 10 of the 17 .states
during the last four years.
In most Instances the declines
are fractional, and Negro enrollment 
relative to total enrollment
for the whole region had dropped
only 0.2 per cent since 1952 Small
to substantial declines were noted
percentagewise In Alabama, Florida, 
Georgia, Louisiana. Mississippi,
North Carolina. South Carolina.
Texts, Virginia and West Virginia.
Southern School News reported
that Georgia. Mississippi, South
Carolina and Virginia went on record 
in February with varying resolutions 
Interpreted either as
"protests," "interposition," or "nullification." 
The Alabama resolution, 
holding the Supreme Court
decisions, against public school
segregation "null, void and of no
effect." was adopted in January.
The paper said the past month
was highlighted by legislative action 
in five states where pro-segregation 
legislation dominated the
scene and by a federal court decision 
in Louisiana' invalidating
that s'ate's recently-enacted school
segregation laws.
The Louisiana case, it was pointed 
out, was the first test thus far
in the South of protective legislation 
enacted after the original Supreme 
Court decision of May 17
1954.
Of the 266,000 Negro students in
"integrated situations," 81,975 are,
in Maryland, 66,877 are in the Distriet 
of Columbia and 57,000 are in
Missouri. The term "integrated
situations" was held to cover Negro 
pupils (1) now attending formerly 
all-white schools; (2) attending' 
formerly all-Negro schools
which whites .have entered and
(3) eligible to attend mixed schools
in officially desegregated -districts
bat not electing for one reason or
another to do so
Southern School News reports
regularly In a factual manner on
developments following the Supreme
Court decisions through a corps of
W correspondents in the southern
region. Its current, summary of
major developments in this area
state-by-state follows:
ALABAMA—The legislature jjoi
The legislature adopted a "freedom 
of choice" school enrollment
plan—which may lead to the creation 
of three types of raciallyaligned 
school systems—as the
state discussed the Autherine Lucy
cue. (A complete chronological
story of the case will be found in
this month's Alabama report.) At
Montgomery, Gov. James Folsom
caned for a bi-racial commission
to settle" race conflicts and issued
a strong statement in support of
segregation.
A suit was filed by the NAACP

in Little Rock to test that community's 
"gradual" plan for desegreation 
while the Justice Department 
announced that it would
enter the celebrated Hoxie casethe 
first such action by the executive 
branch in support of the Supreme 
Court decisions.
Wilmington (Negro school ratio:
about 34 per cent) announced complete 
desegregation this fall. The
AACP intimated it would tile a
umber of law suits in solidly-segregated 
south Delaware.
School officials have answered
"how-is-it-going?" queries from
parents, saying among other things
that desegregation is a "success"
where there is no more than one
Negro to each three white children
in a school but where Negroes are
in a majority there are "serious"
problems.
SSN Correspondent Bert Collier
reported segregation had become an
important issue in the forthcoming
gubernatorial campaign with Gov
LeRoy Collins warning that Florida
cannot afford an orgy of race
conflict and discord."
The legislature has passed five
the Griffin administration's prosegregation 
bills strengthening the
sale's stand against integration as
well as a resolution declaring the
Supreme Court decisions "null and
void and of no effect."
Louisville's school board has approved 
a plan for desegregation of
he elementary schools this fall
and is considering a plan for 13
junior high schools. Several additional 
districts in Kentucky arc
moving toward desegregation by
plan or action.
State officials are planning an
appeal from a three-Judge federal
court which overthrew Louisiana's
recently enacted school segregation
laws-the first test of its kind in
the country-and will draft legislation 
to still the breach." Mean
while, 'New Orleans Catholics have
been told again that parochial
schools must be desegregated.
Howard County's (20 per cent
Negro) desegregation study group
recommended desegregation for the
fall term as the NAACP threatened 
suits in every count; in which
plans to desegregate are not put
into effect by September.
A resolution of interposition -was
introduced in the legislature Feb
29 following passage of four of
seven bilk sponsored by the Legal
Educational Advisory Commission
to strengthen segregation As a
Mississippi editor called for "positive 
thinking" on the school question. 
Gov. J. p. Coleman said he
would close any school forced by
the courts to accept Negro students. 

A study of elementary schools in
St. Louts has shown that integra,tion 
does not wipe out racial dif

ferences overnight, and neither does
it create "insuperable problem"" of
child behavior.
Gov Luther Hodges, announcing
for his first full-term candidacy.
gave an inkling of legislation he
would advocate, including tuition
grants of transfers "along the lines
of the Virginia proposal." An appeal 
to the U. S. Supreme Court
was filed in the University of
North Carolina case Three Negro
undergraduates admitted there told
a newsman they had encountered
no obstacles in their student careers 
begun in September.
The state Board of Education
has adopted a new transportation
policy designed to speed up integration 
and make it more profitable 
budget-wise to local school
districts.
As the legislature busied itself
with a myriad of new bils to
strengthen the state's official protest 
against the U. S. Supreme
Court decisions omitting the words
interposition" or "nullification."
Calls for "moderation" were being
ing voiced while Nashville and
Davidson County boards were reported 
to be considering gradual
desegregation plans beginning at
the fir: t grade and working up a
year at a time.
Gov. Allan Shivers has suggested 
a statewide referendum on interposition, 
with an eye to state
regulation of the oil and gas industries 
as well as segregation. The
Kerrville board—apparently the
66th in Texas—disclosed plans for
a three-year desegregation program 
involving about 100 Negro
scholastics. The NAACP announced 
it would attack segregated
schooling all through Texas. In
Houston (the nation's largest segregated 
school system) the school
board held a six-hoar desegregation 
hearing Feb. 27 but reached
no conclusions.
The legislature overwhelming
approved an interposition resolution 
The state's attorney general
held the resolution cannot be used
as a legal defense in the Prince
Edward County case (one of the
original five cases retching the U.
S. Supreme Court) and does not
enforcement of the court's
decision, though he praised it as a
protest Arlington County, which
had announced desegregation plans
land what was In effect prohibitive 
legislation in the General Astembly. 

An NAACP suit was filed in McDowell 
County though the school
board apparently had decided on a
program of desegregation. A Charleston 
newspaper reported editorially 
that with the opening of next
fall's term, pupils in "every one of
our 55 counties will be attending
mixed classes"
Columbus. Ohio — John Blackborn, 
who now lives in Alexandria,
had his 17.jewel watch stolen 15
Years ago, while living in Columbus 
Recently detectives located the
watch in a routine check at pawnshops 
and sent it to Blackburn.

WEST VIRGINIA

the District of Columbia. Also, in
the first survey of its kind since
1952, the paper reported that Negro 
enrollments have declined percentagewise 
in 10 of the 17 .states
during the last four years.
In most Instances the declines
are fractional, and Negro enrollment 
relative to total enrollment
for the whole region had dropped
only 0.2 per cent since 1952 Small
to substantial declines were noted
percentagewise In Alabama, Florida, 
Georgia, Louisiana. Mississippi,
North Carolina. South Carolina.
Texts, Virginia and West Virginia.
Southern School News reported
that Georgia. Mississippi, South
Carolina and Virginia went on record 
in February with varying resolutions 
Interpreted either as
"protests," "interposition," or "nullification." 
The Alabama resolution, 
holding the Supreme Court
decisions, against public school
segregation "null, void and of no
effect." was adopted in January.
The paper said the past month
was highlighted by legislative action 
in five states where pro-segregation 
legislation dominated the
scene and by a federal court decision 
in Louisiana' invalidating
that s'ate's recently-enacted school
segregation laws.
The Louisiana case, it was pointed 
out, was the first test thus far
in the South of protective legislation 
enacted after the original Supreme 
Court decision of May 17
1954.
Of the 266,000 Negro students in
"integrated situations," 81,975 are,
in Maryland, 66,877 are in the Distriet 
of Columbia and 57,000 are in
Missouri. The term "integrated
situations" was held to cover Negro 
pupils (1) now attending formerly 
all-white schools; (2) attending' 
formerly all-Negro schools
which whites .have entered and
(3) eligible to attend mixed schools
in officially desegregated -districts
bat not electing for one reason or
another to do so
Southern School News reports
regularly In a factual manner on
developments following the Supreme
Court decisions through a corps of
W correspondents in the southern
region. Its current, summary of
major developments in this area
state-by-state follows:
ALABAMA—The legislature jjoi
The legislature adopted a "freedom 
of choice" school enrollment
plan—which may lead to the creation 
of three types of raciallyaligned 
school systems—as the
state discussed the Autherine Lucy
cue. (A complete chronological
story of the case will be found in
this month's Alabama report.) At
Montgomery, Gov. James Folsom
caned for a bi-racial commission
to settle" race conflicts and issued
a strong statement in support of
segregation.
A suit was filed by the NAACP

in Little Rock to test that community's 
"gradual" plan for desegreation 
while the Justice Department 
announced that it would
enter the celebrated Hoxie casethe 
first such action by the executive 
branch in support of the Supreme 
Court decisions.
Wilmington (Negro school ratio:
about 34 per cent) announced complete 
desegregation this fall. The
AACP intimated it would tile a
umber of law suits in solidly-segregated 
south Delaware.
School officials have answered
"how-is-it-going?" queries from
parents, saying among other things
that desegregation is a "success"
where there is no more than one
Negro to each three white children
in a school but where Negroes are
in a majority there are "serious"
problems.
SSN Correspondent Bert Collier
reported segregation had become an
important issue in the forthcoming
gubernatorial campaign with Gov
LeRoy Collins warning that Florida
cannot afford an orgy of race
conflict and discord."
The legislature has passed five
the Griffin administration's prosegregation 
bills strengthening the
sale's stand against integration as
well as a resolution declaring the
Supreme Court decisions "null and
void and of no effect."
Louisville's school board has approved 
a plan for desegregation of
he elementary schools this fall
and is considering a plan for 13
junior high schools. Several additional 
districts in Kentucky arc
moving toward desegregation by
plan or action.
State officials are planning an
appeal from a three-Judge federal
court which overthrew Louisiana's
recently enacted school segregation
laws-the first test of its kind in
the country-and will draft legislation 
to still the breach." Mean
while, 'New Orleans Catholics have
been told again that parochial
schools must be desegregated.
Howard County's (20 per cent
Negro) desegregation study group
recommended desegregation for the
fall term as the NAACP threatened 
suits in every count; in which
plans to desegregate are not put
into effect by September.
A resolution of interposition -was
introduced in the legislature Feb
29 following passage of four of
seven bilk sponsored by the Legal
Educational Advisory Commission
to strengthen segregation As a
Mississippi editor called for "positive 
thinking" on the school question. 
Gov. J. p. Coleman said he
would close any school forced by
the courts to accept Negro students. 

A study of elementary schools in
St. Louts has shown that integra,tion 
does not wipe out racial dif

ferences overnight, and neither does
it create "insuperable problem"" of
child behavior.
Gov Luther Hodges, announcing
for his first full-term candidacy.
gave an inkling of legislation he
would advocate, including tuition
grants of transfers "along the lines
of the Virginia proposal." An appeal 
to the U. S. Supreme Court
was filed in the University of
North Carolina case Three Negro
undergraduates admitted there told
a newsman they had encountered
no obstacles in their student careers 
begun in September.
The state Board of Education
has adopted a new transportation
policy designed to speed up integration 
and make it more profitable 
budget-wise to local school
districts.
As the legislature busied itself
with a myriad of new bils to
strengthen the state's official protest 
against the U. S. Supreme
Court decisions omitting the words
interposition" or "nullification."
Calls for "moderation" were being
ing voiced while Nashville and
Davidson County boards were reported 
to be considering gradual
desegregation plans beginning at
the fir: t grade and working up a
year at a time.
Gov. Allan Shivers has suggested 
a statewide referendum on interposition, 
with an eye to state
regulation of the oil and gas industries 
as well as segregation. The
Kerrville board—apparently the
66th in Texas—disclosed plans for
a three-year desegregation program 
involving about 100 Negro
scholastics. The NAACP announced 
it would attack segregated
schooling all through Texas. In
Houston (the nation's largest segregated 
school system) the school
board held a six-hoar desegregation 
hearing Feb. 27 but reached
no conclusions.
The legislature overwhelming
approved an interposition resolution 
The state's attorney general
held the resolution cannot be used
as a legal defense in the Prince
Edward County case (one of the
original five cases retching the U.
S. Supreme Court) and does not
enforcement of the court's
decision, though he praised it as a
protest Arlington County, which
had announced desegregation plans
land what was In effect prohibitive 
legislation in the General Astembly. 

An NAACP suit was filed in McDowell 
County though the school
board apparently had decided on a
program of desegregation. A Charleston 
newspaper reported editorially 
that with the opening of next
fall's term, pupils in "every one of
our 55 counties will be attending
mixed classes"
Columbus. Ohio — John Blackborn, 
who now lives in Alexandria,
had his 17.jewel watch stolen 15
Years ago, while living in Columbus 
Recently detectives located the
watch in a routine check at pawnshops 
and sent it to Blackburn.

GETS WATCH AFTER
15 YEARS

the District of Columbia. Also, in
the first survey of its kind since
1952, the paper reported that Negro 
enrollments have declined percentagewise 
in 10 of the 17 .states
during the last four years.
In most Instances the declines
are fractional, and Negro enrollment 
relative to total enrollment
for the whole region had dropped
only 0.2 per cent since 1952 Small
to substantial declines were noted
percentagewise In Alabama, Florida, 
Georgia, Louisiana. Mississippi,
North Carolina. South Carolina.
Texts, Virginia and West Virginia.
Southern School News reported
that Georgia. Mississippi, South
Carolina and Virginia went on record 
in February with varying resolutions 
Interpreted either as
"protests," "interposition," or "nullification." 
The Alabama resolution, 
holding the Supreme Court
decisions, against public school
segregation "null, void and of no
effect." was adopted in January.
The paper said the past month
was highlighted by legislative action 
in five states where pro-segregation 
legislation dominated the
scene and by a federal court decision 
in Louisiana' invalidating
that s'ate's recently-enacted school
segregation laws.
The Louisiana case, it was pointed 
out, was the first test thus far
in the South of protective legislation 
enacted after the original Supreme 
Court decision of May 17
1954.
Of the 266,000 Negro students in
"integrated situations," 81,975 are,
in Maryland, 66,877 are in the Distriet 
of Columbia and 57,000 are in
Missouri. The term "integrated
situations" was held to cover Negro 
pupils (1) now attending formerly 
all-white schools; (2) attending' 
formerly all-Negro schools
which whites .have entered and
(3) eligible to attend mixed schools
in officially desegregated -districts
bat not electing for one reason or
another to do so
Southern School News reports
regularly In a factual manner on
developments following the Supreme
Court decisions through a corps of
W correspondents in the southern
region. Its current, summary of
major developments in this area
state-by-state follows:
ALABAMA—The legislature jjoi
The legislature adopted a "freedom 
of choice" school enrollment
plan—which may lead to the creation 
of three types of raciallyaligned 
school systems—as the
state discussed the Autherine Lucy
cue. (A complete chronological
story of the case will be found in
this month's Alabama report.) At
Montgomery, Gov. James Folsom
caned for a bi-racial commission
to settle" race conflicts and issued
a strong statement in support of
segregation.
A suit was filed by the NAACP

in Little Rock to test that community's 
"gradual" plan for desegreation 
while the Justice Department 
announced that it would
enter the celebrated Hoxie casethe 
first such action by the executive 
branch in support of the Supreme 
Court decisions.
Wilmington (Negro school ratio:
about 34 per cent) announced complete 
desegregation this fall. The
AACP intimated it would tile a
umber of law suits in solidly-segregated 
south Delaware.
School officials have answered
"how-is-it-going?" queries from
parents, saying among other things
that desegregation is a "success"
where there is no more than one
Negro to each three white children
in a school but where Negroes are
in a majority there are "serious"
problems.
SSN Correspondent Bert Collier
reported segregation had become an
important issue in the forthcoming
gubernatorial campaign with Gov
LeRoy Collins warning that Florida
cannot afford an orgy of race
conflict and discord."
The legislature has passed five
the Griffin administration's prosegregation 
bills strengthening the
sale's stand against integration as
well as a resolution declaring the
Supreme Court decisions "null and
void and of no effect."
Louisville's school board has approved 
a plan for desegregation of
he elementary schools this fall
and is considering a plan for 13
junior high schools. Several additional 
districts in Kentucky arc
moving toward desegregation by
plan or action.
State officials are planning an
appeal from a three-Judge federal
court which overthrew Louisiana's
recently enacted school segregation
laws-the first test of its kind in
the country-and will draft legislation 
to still the breach." Mean
while, 'New Orleans Catholics have
been told again that parochial
schools must be desegregated.
Howard County's (20 per cent
Negro) desegregation study group
recommended desegregation for the
fall term as the NAACP threatened 
suits in every count; in which
plans to desegregate are not put
into effect by September.
A resolution of interposition -was
introduced in the legislature Feb
29 following passage of four of
seven bilk sponsored by the Legal
Educational Advisory Commission
to strengthen segregation As a
Mississippi editor called for "positive 
thinking" on the school question. 
Gov. J. p. Coleman said he
would close any school forced by
the courts to accept Negro students. 

A study of elementary schools in
St. Louts has shown that integra,tion 
does not wipe out racial dif

ferences overnight, and neither does
it create "insuperable problem"" of
child behavior.
Gov Luther Hodges, announcing
for his first full-term candidacy.
gave an inkling of legislation he
would advocate, including tuition
grants of transfers "along the lines
of the Virginia proposal." An appeal 
to the U. S. Supreme Court
was filed in the University of
North Carolina case Three Negro
undergraduates admitted there told
a newsman they had encountered
no obstacles in their student careers 
begun in September.
The state Board of Education
has adopted a new transportation
policy designed to speed up integration 
and make it more profitable 
budget-wise to local school
districts.
As the legislature busied itself
with a myriad of new bils to
strengthen the state's official protest 
against the U. S. Supreme
Court decisions omitting the words
interposition" or "nullification."
Calls for "moderation" were being
ing voiced while Nashville and
Davidson County boards were reported 
to be considering gradual
desegregation plans beginning at
the fir: t grade and working up a
year at a time.
Gov. Allan Shivers has suggested 
a statewide referendum on interposition, 
with an eye to state
regulation of the oil and gas industries 
as well as segregation. The
Kerrville board—apparently the
66th in Texas—disclosed plans for
a three-year desegregation program 
involving about 100 Negro
scholastics. The NAACP announced 
it would attack segregated
schooling all through Texas. In
Houston (the nation's largest segregated 
school system) the school
board held a six-hoar desegregation 
hearing Feb. 27 but reached
no conclusions.
The legislature overwhelming
approved an interposition resolution 
The state's attorney general
held the resolution cannot be used
as a legal defense in the Prince
Edward County case (one of the
original five cases retching the U.
S. Supreme Court) and does not
enforcement of the court's
decision, though he praised it as a
protest Arlington County, which
had announced desegregation plans
land what was In effect prohibitive 
legislation in the General Astembly. 

An NAACP suit was filed in McDowell 
County though the school
board apparently had decided on a
program of desegregation. A Charleston 
newspaper reported editorially 
that with the opening of next
fall's term, pupils in "every one of
our 55 counties will be attending
mixed classes"
Columbus. Ohio — John Blackborn, 
who now lives in Alexandria,
had his 17.jewel watch stolen 15
Years ago, while living in Columbus 
Recently detectives located the
watch in a routine check at pawnshops 
and sent it to Blackburn.

LETTERS TO
THE EDITOR
To The World Editor:
As we start work on a new cam'
paign for the United Negro College
Fund, this is the time that we stop
and count our blessings. Not the
least of the blessings is the remark
able support that the Negro press
has again given to the Fund.
From the very first Editorial am
news comment in 1944 until the very
last story In your paper about the
Fund, we have been the recipients
of your many good works in our
behalf.
As we have sought to tell our story
and relate the work of our colleges
to the significant changes taking
place In educational America you
have helped us. You have prodded
us—you have from time to time given 
friendly criticism—you have en
couraged us by helping us to put
our best foot forward—and you have
believed in us.
Since we started the Fund has
raised for all purposes for the
colleges $30,000,000. Your contribution 
to that record is incalcuable
May we ever so eenduct our affairs
that you. as a distinguished newspaperman 
will continue to help us
along the road.
W. J. Trent,
Executive Director.
To The World Editors:
This is a call to all women of color. 
Reading the article on Miss Autherine 
Lucy by Mr. J. L. Hicks,
caused me to say to myself what
are we women of color of these
United States doing or saying to
this great, young heroine of our
people? Is there not some woman,
young or older, who will rise up as
a leader and form a Council in the
name of Miss Autherine Lucy? This
is not the end of their brutal practices. 
There will be other Miss
Lucys. Let us unite in one great
body with one thought in mind.
EQUALITY!
I don't have the answer but there
must be a leader among our women
somewhere in our America who dues
have the answer. Let us rally to
her call and be prepared to counterset 
all injustices meted out against
us. I would feel highly honored to
be a member of such Council.
Will the women answer?
Mrs. Ramona Garret
New York 31, N. Y.

White Cabbie

it was reported.
Both Mrs. Childress and the injured 
young Miss said they could
identify the cab driver.
A check with the Blue and Grey
Cab dispatcher indicated that the
driver of cab number 32 reported
that he had passengers at the time
of the reported assault. The dispatcher 
said when he made a routine 
check with the driver with
intentions of giving him a call, his
reported position was in the vicinity 
of the Federal Prison.

Born gentle
PROUD mothers, please forgive us if we too feel something of the pride
of a new parent. For new Philip Morris, today's Philip Morris, is delighting
smokers everywhere. Enjoy the gentle pleasure, the , of
this new cigarette, horn gentle, then refined to special gentleness in the making.
Ask for new Philip Morris in the smart new red, white and gold package.

Philip
Morris
Cigarettes
PHILIP MORRIS Inc NEW YORK
King Size
or
Regular
Snap-open
Pack

Prepare For An
Integrated World,
Atlantan Declares
The Talladega 
College chapter of Kappa Alpha 
Psi Fraternity paid tribute to
its Founders recently in a DeForest 
Chapel program which featured 
Rev Oliver W. Holmes as
guest speaker. Speaking on the
topic "The Point of No Return,"
Rev. Holmes said of all pro-integrationists, 
"We have committed 
outselves to the point that we

cannot turn back. We have reached
the point of no return." He admonished 
the Talladega student
body "to prepare for an integrated
world of tomorrow"
At the close of his address. Rev.
Holmes was given a Citation of Merit 
for community leadership and
positive participation in other
worthwhile civic activities. The citation 
was presented by Mr. T. L.
Hill. Southern Provincial polemarch 
of Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity. 


MEALTIME MELODIES!
The season's
the reason for
doing 1 ost of
things but pancake 
time is any
time whatever
the calendar say.
Everybody loves
pancakes from
pancakes from
the good old
stack of the
wheats to the
very elegant
Crepes Suzette.
This goes for folks all over we
word, so the pancake is a real culinary 
denominator. Pancakes are
versatile too. They, are just right
for breakfast. They are lots of fun
for a mid-morning brunch party
and pancakes make a heart dessert.
According to the U. S. D. A. plentifuls 
this is a good time to be serving 
our families the meat plentifuls
so why not try this Sausage Rouup'n 
Cinnamon Apples are wonderful
mid-morning brunch idea. They feature 
pancakes of course rolled around 
plump pork sausages and
teamed with rosy cinnamon apples.
Personally we can't think of a better 
combination. See if you don't
agree. Pancake making is fun and
easy if you use your favorite recipe
or a pancake mix.
1 1-2 cups water
1-2 cup sugar
1-4 cup cinnamon candies
(one 2 ounce jar)
6 cooking apples, cored and peeled
2 pounds pork sausage links
Pancakes
2 cups pancake mix
1-2 teaspoon dry mustard
1-4 teaspoon ground cloves
1 egg
2 cups milk
2 tablespoons melted shortening
For cinnamon apples, combine
water, sugar and cinnamon candles;
bring to boil. When candies have
melted, add apples; continue cooking 
over low heat, turning apples
frequently. Cook until apples are
tender when pricked with t fork.
Remove, from hot liquid. Pan fry
pork sausages links.
For pancakes, combine pancake
mix and spices; add egg, milk and
shortening stire lightly, bake on
hot lightly greased gridde; turn
only once. Place two cooked sausages 
across etch pancake; roll up.
Arrange on patter with apples; serve
hot liquid from apples over pancake. 

Making 6 servings. How about this
for u complete menu?
Orange Pineapple Crush
Sausage Roll-ups 'N Cinnamon
Apples
Spicy Cinnamon Sauce
Hot Chocolate
For easy hot chocolate, get chocolate 
drink from your favorite
dairy. Heat and serve.
Los Angeles Joe Vesley, a former 
janitor, eligible for parole from
city jail, recently wrote Judge
Joseph L Cull, that he liked it in
jail and would prefer not to be
paroled. Said Vesley: "I am treated
right here. I have good food, good
clothing and don't have to pay
rent." He was envicted of defrauding 
an innkeeper by refusing to
pay a $4.02 long-distance telephone
call toll.

SAUSAGE ROLL UPS 'N
CINNAMON APPLES
The season's
the reason for
doing 1 ost of
things but pancake 
time is any
time whatever
the calendar say.
Everybody loves
pancakes from
pancakes from
the good old
stack of the
wheats to the
very elegant
Crepes Suzette.
This goes for folks all over we
word, so the pancake is a real culinary 
denominator. Pancakes are
versatile too. They, are just right
for breakfast. They are lots of fun
for a mid-morning brunch party
and pancakes make a heart dessert.
According to the U. S. D. A. plentifuls 
this is a good time to be serving 
our families the meat plentifuls
so why not try this Sausage Rouup'n 
Cinnamon Apples are wonderful
mid-morning brunch idea. They feature 
pancakes of course rolled around 
plump pork sausages and
teamed with rosy cinnamon apples.
Personally we can't think of a better 
combination. See if you don't
agree. Pancake making is fun and
easy if you use your favorite recipe
or a pancake mix.
1 1-2 cups water
1-2 cup sugar
1-4 cup cinnamon candies
(one 2 ounce jar)
6 cooking apples, cored and peeled
2 pounds pork sausage links
Pancakes
2 cups pancake mix
1-2 teaspoon dry mustard
1-4 teaspoon ground cloves
1 egg
2 cups milk
2 tablespoons melted shortening
For cinnamon apples, combine
water, sugar and cinnamon candles;
bring to boil. When candies have
melted, add apples; continue cooking 
over low heat, turning apples
frequently. Cook until apples are
tender when pricked with t fork.
Remove, from hot liquid. Pan fry
pork sausages links.
For pancakes, combine pancake
mix and spices; add egg, milk and
shortening stire lightly, bake on
hot lightly greased gridde; turn
only once. Place two cooked sausages 
across etch pancake; roll up.
Arrange on patter with apples; serve
hot liquid from apples over pancake. 

Making 6 servings. How about this
for u complete menu?
Orange Pineapple Crush
Sausage Roll-ups 'N Cinnamon
Apples
Spicy Cinnamon Sauce
Hot Chocolate
For easy hot chocolate, get chocolate 
drink from your favorite
dairy. Heat and serve.
Los Angeles Joe Vesley, a former 
janitor, eligible for parole from
city jail, recently wrote Judge
Joseph L Cull, that he liked it in
jail and would prefer not to be
paroled. Said Vesley: "I am treated
right here. I have good food, good
clothing and don't have to pay
rent." He was envicted of defrauding 
an innkeeper by refusing to
pay a $4.02 long-distance telephone
call toll.

FILING:
The season's
the reason for
doing 1 ost of
things but pancake 
time is any
time whatever
the calendar say.
Everybody loves
pancakes from
pancakes from
the good old
stack of the
wheats to the
very elegant
Crepes Suzette.
This goes for folks all over we
word, so the pancake is a real culinary 
denominator. Pancakes are
versatile too. They, are just right
for breakfast. They are lots of fun
for a mid-morning brunch party
and pancakes make a heart dessert.
According to the U. S. D. A. plentifuls 
this is a good time to be serving 
our families the meat plentifuls
so why not try this Sausage Rouup'n 
Cinnamon Apples are wonderful
mid-morning brunch idea. They feature 
pancakes of course rolled around 
plump pork sausages and
teamed with rosy cinnamon apples.
Personally we can't think of a better 
combination. See if you don't
agree. Pancake making is fun and
easy if you use your favorite recipe
or a pancake mix.
1 1-2 cups water
1-2 cup sugar
1-4 cup cinnamon candies
(one 2 ounce jar)
6 cooking apples, cored and peeled
2 pounds pork sausage links
Pancakes
2 cups pancake mix
1-2 teaspoon dry mustard
1-4 teaspoon ground cloves
1 egg
2 cups milk
2 tablespoons melted shortening
For cinnamon apples, combine
water, sugar and cinnamon candles;
bring to boil. When candies have
melted, add apples; continue cooking 
over low heat, turning apples
frequently. Cook until apples are
tender when pricked with t fork.
Remove, from hot liquid. Pan fry
pork sausages links.
For pancakes, combine pancake
mix and spices; add egg, milk and
shortening stire lightly, bake on
hot lightly greased gridde; turn
only once. Place two cooked sausages 
across etch pancake; roll up.
Arrange on patter with apples; serve
hot liquid from apples over pancake. 

Making 6 servings. How about this
for u complete menu?
Orange Pineapple Crush
Sausage Roll-ups 'N Cinnamon
Apples
Spicy Cinnamon Sauce
Hot Chocolate
For easy hot chocolate, get chocolate 
drink from your favorite
dairy. Heat and serve.
Los Angeles Joe Vesley, a former 
janitor, eligible for parole from
city jail, recently wrote Judge
Joseph L Cull, that he liked it in
jail and would prefer not to be
paroled. Said Vesley: "I am treated
right here. I have good food, good
clothing and don't have to pay
rent." He was envicted of defrauding 
an innkeeper by refusing to
pay a $4.02 long-distance telephone
call toll.

LIKES TO STAY IN JAH
The season's
the reason for
doing 1 ost of
things but pancake 
time is any
time whatever
the calendar say.
Everybody loves
pancakes from
pancakes from
the good old
stack of the
wheats to the
very elegant
Crepes Suzette.
This goes for folks all over we
word, so the pancake is a real culinary 
denominator. Pancakes are
versatile too. They, are just right
for breakfast. They are lots of fun
for a mid-morning brunch party
and pancakes make a heart dessert.
According to the U. S. D. A. plentifuls 
this is a good time to be serving 
our families the meat plentifuls
so why not try this Sausage Rouup'n 
Cinnamon Apples are wonderful
mid-morning brunch idea. They feature 
pancakes of course rolled around 
plump pork sausages and
teamed with rosy cinnamon apples.
Personally we can't think of a better 
combination. See if you don't
agree. Pancake making is fun and
easy if you use your favorite recipe
or a pancake mix.
1 1-2 cups water
1-2 cup sugar
1-4 cup cinnamon candies
(one 2 ounce jar)
6 cooking apples, cored and peeled
2 pounds pork sausage links
Pancakes
2 cups pancake mix
1-2 teaspoon dry mustard
1-4 teaspoon ground cloves
1 egg
2 cups milk
2 tablespoons melted shortening
For cinnamon apples, combine
water, sugar and cinnamon candles;
bring to boil. When candies have
melted, add apples; continue cooking 
over low heat, turning apples
frequently. Cook until apples are
tender when pricked with t fork.
Remove, from hot liquid. Pan fry
pork sausages links.
For pancakes, combine pancake
mix and spices; add egg, milk and
shortening stire lightly, bake on
hot lightly greased gridde; turn
only once. Place two cooked sausages 
across etch pancake; roll up.
Arrange on patter with apples; serve
hot liquid from apples over pancake. 

Making 6 servings. How about this
for u complete menu?
Orange Pineapple Crush
Sausage Roll-ups 'N Cinnamon
Apples
Spicy Cinnamon Sauce
Hot Chocolate
For easy hot chocolate, get chocolate 
drink from your favorite
dairy. Heat and serve.
Los Angeles Joe Vesley, a former 
janitor, eligible for parole from
city jail, recently wrote Judge
Joseph L Cull, that he liked it in
jail and would prefer not to be
paroled. Said Vesley: "I am treated
right here. I have good food, good
clothing and don't have to pay
rent." He was envicted of defrauding 
an innkeeper by refusing to
pay a $4.02 long-distance telephone
call toll.