Memphis World
Memphis World Publishing Co.
1964-01-18
J. A. Beauchamp

Things You Should Know
B IN COLUMBIA, S.C. IN 1871,
EDUCATED IN NEW HAMPSHIRE; HE WAS CLASS
ORATOR AND CO-EDITOR OF HIS COLLEGE PAPER!
HE GOT HIS PH.G.IN 1895; HIS M.D. FROM , PHILA., IN 1906! AS A
SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHER HE MADE MEDICAL
HISTORY WITH HIS PIONEER WORK ON THE CAUSES AND PREVENTION
OF TUBERCULOSIS! HE WAS ALSO A CELEBRATED CHRONICLER OF
NEGRO HISTORY!



MINTON
B IN COLUMBIA, S.C. IN 1871,
EDUCATED IN NEW HAMPSHIRE; HE WAS CLASS
ORATOR AND CO-EDITOR OF HIS COLLEGE PAPER!
HE GOT HIS PH.G.IN 1895; HIS M.D. FROM , PHILA., IN 1906! AS A
SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHER HE MADE MEDICAL
HISTORY WITH HIS PIONEER WORK ON THE CAUSES AND PREVENTION
OF TUBERCULOSIS! HE WAS ALSO A CELEBRATED CHRONICLER OF
NEGRO HISTORY!


Clevelanders Win Rent
Strike, Start Two More

First, the building's agent, Ross
Really Company, started plumbing
repairs, installed additional garbage
disposal facilities and began plastering. 
The latter included fixing a
hole in the bathroom ceiling of Mrs.
Jessie Mae Smith — the subject of
a photo which appeared in a feature 
story about the rent strike in
the Cleveland press. Another photo 
showed the littered alley resultIng 
from inadequate garbage disposal 
facilities.
While the rent strikers welcomed
these repairs, they decided to continue 
withholding rent until the remaining 
demands are met. Within
days the agent started painting hall,
ways as well as individual apartments, 
repaired outside bricked-up

entrances, which had been brokeninto 
and reduced the rent in one of
the 7 families invoked in the strike.
Though the building has 30 apartments, 
only 7 arc occupied.
Following successful conclusion of
the first strike, Ruth Turner, secretary 
of Cleveland CORE announced
the start of rent strikes in two other 
buildings involving a total of 33
families. During the first rent strike,
the group prevailed upon the Welfare 
Department to withhold relief
clients' rents where building inspectors 
found violations. However,
the strike was won before the city
had a chance to act. Such action by
the city will be sought in the present 
rent strikes.

Mayor Has "No Race Problem"
In Town, But Won't Serve Group
The Mayor of Skyesville who has
said no race problem exists here
had admitted refusing service in
his drug store lunchroom to two
Negro employees at the Springfield 
State hospital.
Mrs. Jean E. Evans, a social worker 
at the state institution, and
Bailey Conaway an employee of
the Baltimore city school system
working at the Springfield project,
Said Mayor Bernard O. McDougall
provided only "carryout" service to
nonwhite customers.
The mayor admitted to a policy
of segregation, but added he has
been working toward integration
and feels it can be achieved within
a year "without outside interference," 
which he said would delay
efforts in that direction.
The two accused him of refusal
of service on November 14, 1963.
Mayor McDougall was one of six
mayors from incorporated towns in
Caroll county who met with the
county commissioners last August
and told them there were no pro.
blems in race relations or equal
accommodations In their areas.
As a result of that session, the
commissioners announced that they
will not form an official human
relations commission, as had been
suggested.
Carroll county is not now under
the public accommodations law, but
will vote on the measure this fall
when the issue appears on the ballot 
in November.
Westminister, the largest town in
the county, announced voluntary
desegregation of its restaurants last
summer, following action by the
Baltimore office of The Congress
of Racial Equality to have the
Colts slop training there, and
threatened mass demonstrations.

NO PROBLEMS CLAIMED
The Mayor of Skyesville who has
said no race problem exists here
had admitted refusing service in
his drug store lunchroom to two
Negro employees at the Springfield 
State hospital.
Mrs. Jean E. Evans, a social worker 
at the state institution, and
Bailey Conaway an employee of
the Baltimore city school system
working at the Springfield project,
Said Mayor Bernard O. McDougall
provided only "carryout" service to
nonwhite customers.
The mayor admitted to a policy
of segregation, but added he has
been working toward integration
and feels it can be achieved within
a year "without outside interference," 
which he said would delay
efforts in that direction.
The two accused him of refusal
of service on November 14, 1963.
Mayor McDougall was one of six
mayors from incorporated towns in
Caroll county who met with the
county commissioners last August
and told them there were no pro.
blems in race relations or equal
accommodations In their areas.
As a result of that session, the
commissioners announced that they
will not form an official human
relations commission, as had been
suggested.
Carroll county is not now under
the public accommodations law, but
will vote on the measure this fall
when the issue appears on the ballot 
in November.
Westminister, the largest town in
the county, announced voluntary
desegregation of its restaurants last
summer, following action by the
Baltimore office of The Congress
of Racial Equality to have the
Colts slop training there, and
threatened mass demonstrations.

HEROES OF EMANCIPATION

William Henry Heard was born
in South Carolina during 1850 in
a slave cabin of a mother who
was a "breeder" and who was kept
by her owner for the sole purpose
of producing and nursing babies.
His father was a slave and the
son of a neighboring planter and
was only permitted to visit his
family semi-weekly.
In 1859, William's mother died at
which time he started work as a
field-hand until he was emancipated 
in 1865 at the age of fifteen.
Because neither slaves nor free

black men were permitted to learn
reading and writing, he only learned 
about the Bible at Sunday
School. However, at the close of the
Civil War, William's father opened 
a wheelwright's shop and, as a
result. William was able, to pay a
white boy ten cents per lesson to
teach him what he had learned
at the school for whites.
In 1866, William' was hired by a
farmer whose name was William
Henry Heard. From the farmer,
William took his name as he had
been the property of several owners
and had acquired a name. Farmer
Heard paid William $5.00 per month
plus a nightly lesson which was
gilven after William had come in
from the fields at nightfall. After
a school for freedmen was opened,
William began to teach. He used
part of his earnings to finance his
education at the University of
South Carolina. After entering the

University, he won a state-sponsored 
scholarship plus $20.00 monthly
to support his family.
Heard became Republican County
Chairman at 21. He organized the
Negro vote and led the fight against
election frauds and Irregularities.
In 1380, he was appointed railway
postal clerk and subsequently entered 
the ministry. He dropped
politics until 1895 when he was appointed 
Minister to Liberia by
President Drover Cleveland mainly
through the efforts of AME Bishop
Henry MacNeal Turner. Heard subsequently 
became an AME Bishop
after serving as Minister to Liberia.
He died in 1937 at the age of 87.

William HENRY HEARD

William Henry Heard was born
in South Carolina during 1850 in
a slave cabin of a mother who
was a "breeder" and who was kept
by her owner for the sole purpose
of producing and nursing babies.
His father was a slave and the
son of a neighboring planter and
was only permitted to visit his
family semi-weekly.
In 1859, William's mother died at
which time he started work as a
field-hand until he was emancipated 
in 1865 at the age of fifteen.
Because neither slaves nor free

black men were permitted to learn
reading and writing, he only learned 
about the Bible at Sunday
School. However, at the close of the
Civil War, William's father opened 
a wheelwright's shop and, as a
result. William was able, to pay a
white boy ten cents per lesson to
teach him what he had learned
at the school for whites.
In 1866, William' was hired by a
farmer whose name was William
Henry Heard. From the farmer,
William took his name as he had
been the property of several owners
and had acquired a name. Farmer
Heard paid William $5.00 per month
plus a nightly lesson which was
gilven after William had come in
from the fields at nightfall. After
a school for freedmen was opened,
William began to teach. He used
part of his earnings to finance his
education at the University of
South Carolina. After entering the

University, he won a state-sponsored 
scholarship plus $20.00 monthly
to support his family.
Heard became Republican County
Chairman at 21. He organized the
Negro vote and led the fight against
election frauds and Irregularities.
In 1380, he was appointed railway
postal clerk and subsequently entered 
the ministry. He dropped
politics until 1895 when he was appointed 
Minister to Liberia by
President Drover Cleveland mainly
through the efforts of AME Bishop
Henry MacNeal Turner. Heard subsequently 
became an AME Bishop
after serving as Minister to Liberia.
He died in 1937 at the age of 87.

"With God
All Things Are Possible!"




Box B-2111 Noroton, Conn.


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Critics Ask: Does
AME Church Have
Too Many Bishops!
Some critics of the policies and
practices of the African' Methodist 
Episcopal Church are saying 
here the church has too many
schools in the wind as to what will
come up at the quadrennial conference 
this year could not be earned. 

The general church conference
will be held next May in Cincinnati. 
Some action might be taken 
on the church schools. It is reported 
that the church has no definite 
rules about retiring bishops.
The Rt. Rev. S. L. Greene Sr.,
senior bishop, is reported to be
over 80. He is presently bishop of
the Second Episcopal Districts one
of the popular districts of the
church over which bishops like to
preside. He was elected to succeed 
Bishop Frank Madison Reid
who died last year.
The church school problem was
studied by a committee headed by
Dr. S. L. Greene Jr., the senior
bishop's son and a former college
president. The study was made a
few years ago, but as far as this
report knows. A report was never
released or published for the public. 
The object of the study was
to secure information to be used
in determining If some of the college 
and schools should be closed or
consolidated in the interest of economy 
and educational efficiency.
By comparison it appears that the
college and schools of the African
Methodist Episcopal Zion church
are in better condition both as to
physical plants, operation and management 
and in the quality of the
educational work done. It is reported, 
for example, that Livingstone 
college at Salisbury, N. C. is
in much better condition than
Kittrell college at Kittrell, N. C.
It was Gen. Douglass MacArthur
who said "old soldiers never die,
they just fade away." Some one
paraphrasing this said "AME bishops 
never retire they Just die."

ALGRERIAN ARMS
A shipment of armament from Algeria 
has reached Tanganyika, the
Defense Ministry reported. Coffee
will be sent to Algeria in exchange.



The report entitled, "One-Third
of a Nation," concluded that onethird 
of all the young men in the
Nation-turning 18 would be found
unqualified if they were to be examined 
for induction into the armed 
forces; that one of every two selective 
service registrants called for
pre-induction examination is now
found unqualified; and that the
rate of failures varies enormously
among different States and areas
of the Nation.
Significantly, It is pointed out
that the majority of the rejectees
are the victims of inadequate education 
and to a lesser degree insuffident 
medical care. More significantly, 
these, young men face a lifetime 
of recurrent unemployment.
The rates of mental test failures
for whites and Negroes showed wide
variations. Nationally, 56 percent of
the Negroes who were called for
pre-induction examinations in 1962
failed the tests, as compared to 15
percent of the whites. However, the
Negro rejection rates in some of
the Western it Sates were less than
one-half of the national average for
Negroes, and were only slightly
above the rejection rates for while
registrants in certain of the Northwestern 
States.
The repor concluded: "There can
be little doubt that the incidence
of military service rejection, as other 
disturbing social and economic
problems facing the Nation, does in
fact vary widely by States, by regions 
and among various racial or
ethnic groups throughout the Nation. 
The many factors contributing 
to educational an i cultural deprviation 
of disadvantaged population 
groups have been mirrored
in these differences."
Four out of 5 rejectees were school
dropouts. About half left school before 
the age of 17. About 3 in 10
gave need to support their families
as the reason for leaving school.
One of 10 said he had to support
himself. Financial hardship was
greater among nonwhites — 1 out
of every 2 said he left school to
support himself or his family.
Reasons given by mental rejectees 
for dropping out of school:
Illness, whites 2 percent, nonwhites
2 percent; to support self, whites
5 percent, nonwhites 15 percent; to
support family, whites 23 percent,
nonwhites 35 percent; preferred
work to school, whites 21 percent,
nonwhites 16 percent; low marks in
school, whites 24 percent, nonwhites
10 percent; had to work on family
farm or in family business, whites
5 percent, nonwhites 6 percent, other, 
whites 21 percent, nonwhites 10
percent.
Educational distribution of mental 
rejectees; less than 8 years of
school completed, whites 31 percent,
nonwhites 17 percent; 8 years com
pleted, 
whites 22 percent, nonwhites
15 percent; 1 to 3 years of high
school, whites 31 percent, nonwhites
45 percent; 4 years of high school
or more, whites 16 percent, nonwhites 
23 percent; median years
of school completed, whites 8.9 percent, 
nonwhites 10.0 percent.
Three out of 10 rejectees were
not working. Among Negro rejectees, 
71 percent were working, 24
percent looking for work and 5
percent non looking for work. Comparable 
figures for whites were: 69
percent working, 26 percent looking
for work and percent not looking
for work.
White, mental rejectees earn about
one-third more per week than nonwhite. 
Average weekly earnings for
whites were $64, for nonwhites $48.
In skilled occupations: whites 83,
nonwhites $66. Unskilled: whites $63
nonwhites $52. Agricultural: whites
$38 nonwhites $32. Services whites
$54, nonwhites $43. White - collar
professional, managers, clerks,
sales) whites $66, nonwhites $55.
Family: income for rejectees
$4,000 and over, white 57 percent,
nonwhites 35 percent; $2,000 to $3,999, 
white 31 percent, non whites
37 percent; under $2,000, whites 12
percent, nonwhites 28 percent.
Family on public assistance at
time of examination: whites 7 percent, 
nonwhites 19 percent, on public 
assistance during past 5 years:
whites 14 percent, nonwhites 27
percent.
More than 4 out of every 5 rejectees 
were willing to accept Job train
ing. The desire for training was
expressed whether the rejectees were
working (85 percent wanted training) 
or neither working nor looking 
for work (86 percent). Nonwhites 
expressed a greater degree
of willingness to accept job training 
than whites.



The report entitled, "One-Third
of a Nation," concluded that onethird 
of all the young men in the
Nation-turning 18 would be found
unqualified if they were to be examined 
for induction into the armed 
forces; that one of every two selective 
service registrants called for
pre-induction examination is now
found unqualified; and that the
rate of failures varies enormously
among different States and areas
of the Nation.
Significantly, It is pointed out
that the majority of the rejectees
are the victims of inadequate education 
and to a lesser degree insuffident 
medical care. More significantly, 
these, young men face a lifetime 
of recurrent unemployment.
The rates of mental test failures
for whites and Negroes showed wide
variations. Nationally, 56 percent of
the Negroes who were called for
pre-induction examinations in 1962
failed the tests, as compared to 15
percent of the whites. However, the
Negro rejection rates in some of
the Western it Sates were less than
one-half of the national average for
Negroes, and were only slightly
above the rejection rates for while
registrants in certain of the Northwestern 
States.
The repor concluded: "There can
be little doubt that the incidence
of military service rejection, as other 
disturbing social and economic
problems facing the Nation, does in
fact vary widely by States, by regions 
and among various racial or
ethnic groups throughout the Nation. 
The many factors contributing 
to educational an i cultural deprviation 
of disadvantaged population 
groups have been mirrored
in these differences."
Four out of 5 rejectees were school
dropouts. About half left school before 
the age of 17. About 3 in 10
gave need to support their families
as the reason for leaving school.
One of 10 said he had to support
himself. Financial hardship was
greater among nonwhites — 1 out
of every 2 said he left school to
support himself or his family.
Reasons given by mental rejectees 
for dropping out of school:
Illness, whites 2 percent, nonwhites
2 percent; to support self, whites
5 percent, nonwhites 15 percent; to
support family, whites 23 percent,
nonwhites 35 percent; preferred
work to school, whites 21 percent,
nonwhites 16 percent; low marks in
school, whites 24 percent, nonwhites
10 percent; had to work on family
farm or in family business, whites
5 percent, nonwhites 6 percent, other, 
whites 21 percent, nonwhites 10
percent.
Educational distribution of mental 
rejectees; less than 8 years of
school completed, whites 31 percent,
nonwhites 17 percent; 8 years com
pleted, 
whites 22 percent, nonwhites
15 percent; 1 to 3 years of high
school, whites 31 percent, nonwhites
45 percent; 4 years of high school
or more, whites 16 percent, nonwhites 
23 percent; median years
of school completed, whites 8.9 percent, 
nonwhites 10.0 percent.
Three out of 10 rejectees were
not working. Among Negro rejectees, 
71 percent were working, 24
percent looking for work and 5
percent non looking for work. Comparable 
figures for whites were: 69
percent working, 26 percent looking
for work and percent not looking
for work.
White, mental rejectees earn about
one-third more per week than nonwhite. 
Average weekly earnings for
whites were $64, for nonwhites $48.
In skilled occupations: whites 83,
nonwhites $66. Unskilled: whites $63
nonwhites $52. Agricultural: whites
$38 nonwhites $32. Services whites
$54, nonwhites $43. White - collar
professional, managers, clerks,
sales) whites $66, nonwhites $55.
Family: income for rejectees
$4,000 and over, white 57 percent,
nonwhites 35 percent; $2,000 to $3,999, 
white 31 percent, non whites
37 percent; under $2,000, whites 12
percent, nonwhites 28 percent.
Family on public assistance at
time of examination: whites 7 percent, 
nonwhites 19 percent, on public 
assistance during past 5 years:
whites 14 percent, nonwhites 27
percent.
More than 4 out of every 5 rejectees 
were willing to accept Job train
ing. The desire for training was
expressed whether the rejectees were
working (85 percent wanted training) 
or neither working nor looking 
for work (86 percent). Nonwhites 
expressed a greater degree
of willingness to accept job training 
than whites.

THE NEGRO REJECTEE

The report entitled, "One-Third
of a Nation," concluded that onethird 
of all the young men in the
Nation-turning 18 would be found
unqualified if they were to be examined 
for induction into the armed 
forces; that one of every two selective 
service registrants called for
pre-induction examination is now
found unqualified; and that the
rate of failures varies enormously
among different States and areas
of the Nation.
Significantly, It is pointed out
that the majority of the rejectees
are the victims of inadequate education 
and to a lesser degree insuffident 
medical care. More significantly, 
these, young men face a lifetime 
of recurrent unemployment.
The rates of mental test failures
for whites and Negroes showed wide
variations. Nationally, 56 percent of
the Negroes who were called for
pre-induction examinations in 1962
failed the tests, as compared to 15
percent of the whites. However, the
Negro rejection rates in some of
the Western it Sates were less than
one-half of the national average for
Negroes, and were only slightly
above the rejection rates for while
registrants in certain of the Northwestern 
States.
The repor concluded: "There can
be little doubt that the incidence
of military service rejection, as other 
disturbing social and economic
problems facing the Nation, does in
fact vary widely by States, by regions 
and among various racial or
ethnic groups throughout the Nation. 
The many factors contributing 
to educational an i cultural deprviation 
of disadvantaged population 
groups have been mirrored
in these differences."
Four out of 5 rejectees were school
dropouts. About half left school before 
the age of 17. About 3 in 10
gave need to support their families
as the reason for leaving school.
One of 10 said he had to support
himself. Financial hardship was
greater among nonwhites — 1 out
of every 2 said he left school to
support himself or his family.
Reasons given by mental rejectees 
for dropping out of school:
Illness, whites 2 percent, nonwhites
2 percent; to support self, whites
5 percent, nonwhites 15 percent; to
support family, whites 23 percent,
nonwhites 35 percent; preferred
work to school, whites 21 percent,
nonwhites 16 percent; low marks in
school, whites 24 percent, nonwhites
10 percent; had to work on family
farm or in family business, whites
5 percent, nonwhites 6 percent, other, 
whites 21 percent, nonwhites 10
percent.
Educational distribution of mental 
rejectees; less than 8 years of
school completed, whites 31 percent,
nonwhites 17 percent; 8 years com
pleted, 
whites 22 percent, nonwhites
15 percent; 1 to 3 years of high
school, whites 31 percent, nonwhites
45 percent; 4 years of high school
or more, whites 16 percent, nonwhites 
23 percent; median years
of school completed, whites 8.9 percent, 
nonwhites 10.0 percent.
Three out of 10 rejectees were
not working. Among Negro rejectees, 
71 percent were working, 24
percent looking for work and 5
percent non looking for work. Comparable 
figures for whites were: 69
percent working, 26 percent looking
for work and percent not looking
for work.
White, mental rejectees earn about
one-third more per week than nonwhite. 
Average weekly earnings for
whites were $64, for nonwhites $48.
In skilled occupations: whites 83,
nonwhites $66. Unskilled: whites $63
nonwhites $52. Agricultural: whites
$38 nonwhites $32. Services whites
$54, nonwhites $43. White - collar
professional, managers, clerks,
sales) whites $66, nonwhites $55.
Family: income for rejectees
$4,000 and over, white 57 percent,
nonwhites 35 percent; $2,000 to $3,999, 
white 31 percent, non whites
37 percent; under $2,000, whites 12
percent, nonwhites 28 percent.
Family on public assistance at
time of examination: whites 7 percent, 
nonwhites 19 percent, on public 
assistance during past 5 years:
whites 14 percent, nonwhites 27
percent.
More than 4 out of every 5 rejectees 
were willing to accept Job train
ing. The desire for training was
expressed whether the rejectees were
working (85 percent wanted training) 
or neither working nor looking 
for work (86 percent). Nonwhites 
expressed a greater degree
of willingness to accept job training 
than whites.

SCHOOL DROPOUTS

The report entitled, "One-Third
of a Nation," concluded that onethird 
of all the young men in the
Nation-turning 18 would be found
unqualified if they were to be examined 
for induction into the armed 
forces; that one of every two selective 
service registrants called for
pre-induction examination is now
found unqualified; and that the
rate of failures varies enormously
among different States and areas
of the Nation.
Significantly, It is pointed out
that the majority of the rejectees
are the victims of inadequate education 
and to a lesser degree insuffident 
medical care. More significantly, 
these, young men face a lifetime 
of recurrent unemployment.
The rates of mental test failures
for whites and Negroes showed wide
variations. Nationally, 56 percent of
the Negroes who were called for
pre-induction examinations in 1962
failed the tests, as compared to 15
percent of the whites. However, the
Negro rejection rates in some of
the Western it Sates were less than
one-half of the national average for
Negroes, and were only slightly
above the rejection rates for while
registrants in certain of the Northwestern 
States.
The repor concluded: "There can
be little doubt that the incidence
of military service rejection, as other 
disturbing social and economic
problems facing the Nation, does in
fact vary widely by States, by regions 
and among various racial or
ethnic groups throughout the Nation. 
The many factors contributing 
to educational an i cultural deprviation 
of disadvantaged population 
groups have been mirrored
in these differences."
Four out of 5 rejectees were school
dropouts. About half left school before 
the age of 17. About 3 in 10
gave need to support their families
as the reason for leaving school.
One of 10 said he had to support
himself. Financial hardship was
greater among nonwhites — 1 out
of every 2 said he left school to
support himself or his family.
Reasons given by mental rejectees 
for dropping out of school:
Illness, whites 2 percent, nonwhites
2 percent; to support self, whites
5 percent, nonwhites 15 percent; to
support family, whites 23 percent,
nonwhites 35 percent; preferred
work to school, whites 21 percent,
nonwhites 16 percent; low marks in
school, whites 24 percent, nonwhites
10 percent; had to work on family
farm or in family business, whites
5 percent, nonwhites 6 percent, other, 
whites 21 percent, nonwhites 10
percent.
Educational distribution of mental 
rejectees; less than 8 years of
school completed, whites 31 percent,
nonwhites 17 percent; 8 years com
pleted, 
whites 22 percent, nonwhites
15 percent; 1 to 3 years of high
school, whites 31 percent, nonwhites
45 percent; 4 years of high school
or more, whites 16 percent, nonwhites 
23 percent; median years
of school completed, whites 8.9 percent, 
nonwhites 10.0 percent.
Three out of 10 rejectees were
not working. Among Negro rejectees, 
71 percent were working, 24
percent looking for work and 5
percent non looking for work. Comparable 
figures for whites were: 69
percent working, 26 percent looking
for work and percent not looking
for work.
White, mental rejectees earn about
one-third more per week than nonwhite. 
Average weekly earnings for
whites were $64, for nonwhites $48.
In skilled occupations: whites 83,
nonwhites $66. Unskilled: whites $63
nonwhites $52. Agricultural: whites
$38 nonwhites $32. Services whites
$54, nonwhites $43. White - collar
professional, managers, clerks,
sales) whites $66, nonwhites $55.
Family: income for rejectees
$4,000 and over, white 57 percent,
nonwhites 35 percent; $2,000 to $3,999, 
white 31 percent, non whites
37 percent; under $2,000, whites 12
percent, nonwhites 28 percent.
Family on public assistance at
time of examination: whites 7 percent, 
nonwhites 19 percent, on public 
assistance during past 5 years:
whites 14 percent, nonwhites 27
percent.
More than 4 out of every 5 rejectees 
were willing to accept Job train
ing. The desire for training was
expressed whether the rejectees were
working (85 percent wanted training) 
or neither working nor looking 
for work (86 percent). Nonwhites 
expressed a greater degree
of willingness to accept job training 
than whites.

WORK STATUS AND EARNINGS

The report entitled, "One-Third
of a Nation," concluded that onethird 
of all the young men in the
Nation-turning 18 would be found
unqualified if they were to be examined 
for induction into the armed 
forces; that one of every two selective 
service registrants called for
pre-induction examination is now
found unqualified; and that the
rate of failures varies enormously
among different States and areas
of the Nation.
Significantly, It is pointed out
that the majority of the rejectees
are the victims of inadequate education 
and to a lesser degree insuffident 
medical care. More significantly, 
these, young men face a lifetime 
of recurrent unemployment.
The rates of mental test failures
for whites and Negroes showed wide
variations. Nationally, 56 percent of
the Negroes who were called for
pre-induction examinations in 1962
failed the tests, as compared to 15
percent of the whites. However, the
Negro rejection rates in some of
the Western it Sates were less than
one-half of the national average for
Negroes, and were only slightly
above the rejection rates for while
registrants in certain of the Northwestern 
States.
The repor concluded: "There can
be little doubt that the incidence
of military service rejection, as other 
disturbing social and economic
problems facing the Nation, does in
fact vary widely by States, by regions 
and among various racial or
ethnic groups throughout the Nation. 
The many factors contributing 
to educational an i cultural deprviation 
of disadvantaged population 
groups have been mirrored
in these differences."
Four out of 5 rejectees were school
dropouts. About half left school before 
the age of 17. About 3 in 10
gave need to support their families
as the reason for leaving school.
One of 10 said he had to support
himself. Financial hardship was
greater among nonwhites — 1 out
of every 2 said he left school to
support himself or his family.
Reasons given by mental rejectees 
for dropping out of school:
Illness, whites 2 percent, nonwhites
2 percent; to support self, whites
5 percent, nonwhites 15 percent; to
support family, whites 23 percent,
nonwhites 35 percent; preferred
work to school, whites 21 percent,
nonwhites 16 percent; low marks in
school, whites 24 percent, nonwhites
10 percent; had to work on family
farm or in family business, whites
5 percent, nonwhites 6 percent, other, 
whites 21 percent, nonwhites 10
percent.
Educational distribution of mental 
rejectees; less than 8 years of
school completed, whites 31 percent,
nonwhites 17 percent; 8 years com
pleted, 
whites 22 percent, nonwhites
15 percent; 1 to 3 years of high
school, whites 31 percent, nonwhites
45 percent; 4 years of high school
or more, whites 16 percent, nonwhites 
23 percent; median years
of school completed, whites 8.9 percent, 
nonwhites 10.0 percent.
Three out of 10 rejectees were
not working. Among Negro rejectees, 
71 percent were working, 24
percent looking for work and 5
percent non looking for work. Comparable 
figures for whites were: 69
percent working, 26 percent looking
for work and percent not looking
for work.
White, mental rejectees earn about
one-third more per week than nonwhite. 
Average weekly earnings for
whites were $64, for nonwhites $48.
In skilled occupations: whites 83,
nonwhites $66. Unskilled: whites $63
nonwhites $52. Agricultural: whites
$38 nonwhites $32. Services whites
$54, nonwhites $43. White - collar
professional, managers, clerks,
sales) whites $66, nonwhites $55.
Family: income for rejectees
$4,000 and over, white 57 percent,
nonwhites 35 percent; $2,000 to $3,999, 
white 31 percent, non whites
37 percent; under $2,000, whites 12
percent, nonwhites 28 percent.
Family on public assistance at
time of examination: whites 7 percent, 
nonwhites 19 percent, on public 
assistance during past 5 years:
whites 14 percent, nonwhites 27
percent.
More than 4 out of every 5 rejectees 
were willing to accept Job train
ing. The desire for training was
expressed whether the rejectees were
working (85 percent wanted training) 
or neither working nor looking 
for work (86 percent). Nonwhites 
expressed a greater degree
of willingness to accept job training 
than whites.

JOB TRAINING
AND EDUCATION

The report entitled, "One-Third
of a Nation," concluded that onethird 
of all the young men in the
Nation-turning 18 would be found
unqualified if they were to be examined 
for induction into the armed 
forces; that one of every two selective 
service registrants called for
pre-induction examination is now
found unqualified; and that the
rate of failures varies enormously
among different States and areas
of the Nation.
Significantly, It is pointed out
that the majority of the rejectees
are the victims of inadequate education 
and to a lesser degree insuffident 
medical care. More significantly, 
these, young men face a lifetime 
of recurrent unemployment.
The rates of mental test failures
for whites and Negroes showed wide
variations. Nationally, 56 percent of
the Negroes who were called for
pre-induction examinations in 1962
failed the tests, as compared to 15
percent of the whites. However, the
Negro rejection rates in some of
the Western it Sates were less than
one-half of the national average for
Negroes, and were only slightly
above the rejection rates for while
registrants in certain of the Northwestern 
States.
The repor concluded: "There can
be little doubt that the incidence
of military service rejection, as other 
disturbing social and economic
problems facing the Nation, does in
fact vary widely by States, by regions 
and among various racial or
ethnic groups throughout the Nation. 
The many factors contributing 
to educational an i cultural deprviation 
of disadvantaged population 
groups have been mirrored
in these differences."
Four out of 5 rejectees were school
dropouts. About half left school before 
the age of 17. About 3 in 10
gave need to support their families
as the reason for leaving school.
One of 10 said he had to support
himself. Financial hardship was
greater among nonwhites — 1 out
of every 2 said he left school to
support himself or his family.
Reasons given by mental rejectees 
for dropping out of school:
Illness, whites 2 percent, nonwhites
2 percent; to support self, whites
5 percent, nonwhites 15 percent; to
support family, whites 23 percent,
nonwhites 35 percent; preferred
work to school, whites 21 percent,
nonwhites 16 percent; low marks in
school, whites 24 percent, nonwhites
10 percent; had to work on family
farm or in family business, whites
5 percent, nonwhites 6 percent, other, 
whites 21 percent, nonwhites 10
percent.
Educational distribution of mental 
rejectees; less than 8 years of
school completed, whites 31 percent,
nonwhites 17 percent; 8 years com
pleted, 
whites 22 percent, nonwhites
15 percent; 1 to 3 years of high
school, whites 31 percent, nonwhites
45 percent; 4 years of high school
or more, whites 16 percent, nonwhites 
23 percent; median years
of school completed, whites 8.9 percent, 
nonwhites 10.0 percent.
Three out of 10 rejectees were
not working. Among Negro rejectees, 
71 percent were working, 24
percent looking for work and 5
percent non looking for work. Comparable 
figures for whites were: 69
percent working, 26 percent looking
for work and percent not looking
for work.
White, mental rejectees earn about
one-third more per week than nonwhite. 
Average weekly earnings for
whites were $64, for nonwhites $48.
In skilled occupations: whites 83,
nonwhites $66. Unskilled: whites $63
nonwhites $52. Agricultural: whites
$38 nonwhites $32. Services whites
$54, nonwhites $43. White - collar
professional, managers, clerks,
sales) whites $66, nonwhites $55.
Family: income for rejectees
$4,000 and over, white 57 percent,
nonwhites 35 percent; $2,000 to $3,999, 
white 31 percent, non whites
37 percent; under $2,000, whites 12
percent, nonwhites 28 percent.
Family on public assistance at
time of examination: whites 7 percent, 
nonwhites 19 percent, on public 
assistance during past 5 years:
whites 14 percent, nonwhites 27
percent.
More than 4 out of every 5 rejectees 
were willing to accept Job train
ing. The desire for training was
expressed whether the rejectees were
working (85 percent wanted training) 
or neither working nor looking 
for work (86 percent). Nonwhites 
expressed a greater degree
of willingness to accept job training 
than whites.

U.S. To Push Loan Service
For Shy Negro Businessman
Real
help is on the way for small Negro
and minority group businessmen
who have encountered difficulty in
getting loans and governmental assistance 
in order to expand or improve 
their businesses.
This was made clear, last week
by Mrs. Ruth. C. Gould, program
reviewer and assistant to the pro.
gram coordinator for minority
groups of the Small Business Administration 
here in Washington.
Reflecting the serious concern of
the government over the limited
number of Negro and minority businessmen 
who are seeking assistance
from the SBA, Mrs. Gould said
they are currently developing a program 
designed to encourage more
small minority businesses to apply
for SBA assistance.
The program is expected not only
to make SBA assistance more easily
obtainable, but to provide the type
of counseling and services necessary
for small businesses to acquire a
greater share of local community
financing.
Mrs. Gould pointed out that in
many depressed areas of the country 
minority businessmen are considered 
bad risks and unable to obtain 
good credit ratings or necessary 
finance for improvements or
expansion.
Specifically under consideration
and development now is a pilot program 
which soon will be initiated
in Philadelphia and will involve
such small business as shoe shops,
grocery stores, cleaning establishments, 
and the like.
Mrs. Gould explained that many
minority business establishments are
unaware of the many opportunities
and benefits currently available to
them under the SBA program.
Since these minority businessmen
have failed to come to SBA for asdistance, 
SBA intends to go to them.
One of the major points in the
SBA program is to assume some of
the risks of the small businessman
which have heretofore made it impossible 
for him to get local community 
financing.
For still other businesses, the opportunity 
is already available for
them to apply for government loans,
government contracts and free management, 
counselnig and research
services.
SBA intends to give certification
of competency awards to minority
group small businesses so as to make
it easier for them to apply for and
get government contracts.
Another function of this newly
intensified operation said Mrs.
Gould, is to insure that equl opportunity 
exists for all of the employees 
in the SBA operation which
has 15 regional offices throughout
the U. S. and some 6,000 employees.
The person directly responsible for
this program and fur whom Mrs.
Gould works is Randall Tyus, program 
coordinator for minority
groups and special assistant to the
SBA administrator, Eugene Foley.
Tyus is also the employment policy 
officer.
Mr. Gould who came to her new
position just two weeks ago from
the Governmental Affairs Institute
where she was program officer said
an additional exciting part of the
new program is that It will be extended 
throughout the South.
She said she felt there must be
numerous small minority group businesses 
there who need SBA assistance, 
but either do not know how
to go about getting it or have not
been encouraged to seek it.
The mother of two college- age
childern, Mrs. Gould came to Washington 
from Minneapolis where she
was Chairman of the Mayor's Commission 
on Human Relations for
five years.
She was also a registered lobbyist 
for the Minnesota equal housing
law which was passed and the Minnosota 
counsel for civil and human
rights.
For small businessmen who do
not wish to wait for the SBA to
reach them, it was suggested they
write immediately for Information
to the Small Business Administration, 
811 Vermount Ave., N. W.
Washington 25, D. C.

Court Opens N. O.
City Auditorium
The U. S. Supreme 
Court ruled this week, that
New Orleans must allow Negroes
to utilize its municipal auditorium.
The victory was won by attorneys
of the NAACP Legal Defense Fund,
A. P. Tureaud and Ernest Morial,
both of New Orleans.
Trouble arose when Horace C.
Bynum of the local NAACP chapter
attempted to secure the auditorium
for a meeting.
He was denied despite the fact
that the White Citizens' Councils
had been permitted to use the facilities. 


Czechs To Train
African Newsmen
An agreement has been signed with
Czechoslovakia for the training of
Tanganyikans in news agency work.
In annuoncing the action last week
President Julius K. Nyerere's government 
said this was the first
step in the development of a Tanganyika 
news agency.

Do's And Don'ts



Night Riders Attack
McComb, Miss. Area
Armed night
riders last week shot into six Negro
homes, and wounded a young Negro 
boy.
Two civil rights groups have asked 
the federal government to send
troops and marshalls to Mississippi
"to protect Negroes who want to
exercise their constitutional rights."
In Atlanta, John Lewis, Chairman 
of Die Student Nonviolent Coordinating 
Committee (SNCC) asked 
Attorney General Robert F.
Kennedy to "take all steps possible
to insure that future acts of violence, 
aimed at Intimidating Mississippi 
Negroes are halted before
they begin. If this means Federal
Marshalls and federal troops in
Mississippi, then you must be prepared 
to send them there before
others are shot."
In Jackson, the Council of Federated 
Organizations (COFO) asked 
President Lyndon B. Johnson to
immediately "dispatch federal
troops to the McComb area to protest 
Negro constitutional rights."
In a telegram to Johnson, Robert
Motes, head of SNCC's Mississippi
vote drive and program director
for COFO said "white violence has
again erupted in McComb, in renewed 
attempt to stifle Negroes in
their drive to register to vote."
McArthur Cotton, the SNCC worker 
who directs voting activity in
McComb, said four young white men
in a white car fired shots into a
Negro cafe, two grocery stores, a
shoe repair shop, and two Negro
homes. Cotton said a young Negro
boy in Summit, a suburb of McComb 
was wounded by gunfire in
his leg. One of the same homes
had been fired into an Wednesday
night. Jan. 8th.
Cotton said voter registration
Workshops had begun here in early
January. The vote worker said more
than 50 Negroes had tried to register 
since early November 1963.
McComb police chief George Guy

who arrested SNCC workers here
in the past - said four young
white men, students at South west
Junior College In Summit, were arrested 
in connection with the shooting. 

Guy said the Negro youth reported 
shot by the riders was not seriously 
hurt, and only "blistered his
tail a little bit."
Guy said the shootings Wednesday 
and Thursday nights had no
connection with the SNCC-sponsored 
vote drive.
McComb was the site of the
first SNCC vote project in Mississippi 
in August 1951, SNCC worker 
Moses and four other workers
set up workshops here and encouraged 
local Negroes to register
to vote.
Their early effort were met with
violence and intimidation.

One-Party System
Seen For Uganda
Uganda 
has decided to follow Ghana's
example and seek dissolution of
its present democratic system.
In forcasting the introduction of
a one party state. Prime Minister
Milton Obote told his countrymen
last week that Uganda could not
afford the divisive influence of political 
opposition.
"A one-party state does not remove 
constructive criticism," he
said. "We have decided to follow
a socialist line of development."

Number Of Non-Whites
In NYC Colleges Told
The
Board of Higher Education last
week revealed that pupils identified
as "Negro and Puerto Rican" now
make up from 7.4 to 10 per cent
of the enrollment in the City University 
of New York.
Four senior, colleges, City, Hunter, 
Brooklyn and Queens; and three
two - year colleges, Staten Island.
Bronx and Queensboro, comprise
the City University System.
Estimates given by the board put
the Negro - Puerto Rican strength
at between 6,300 and 8,600, which,
according to Board Chairman Gustave 
G. Rosenberg "is undoubtedly
more than any other university
in the country."

300th Anniversary
On
Jan. 20 the Jamaican House of
Representatives will celebrate the
300th anniversary of parliamentary
government on the Island.

Freedom Walkers
Get NAACP Defense

The Defense Fund asked the Appeals' 
Court to declare as error the
Federal District Court's refusal to
hear the "Freedom Walker's" claim
that, their constitutional rights
were infringed by Alabama.
The "Freedom Walkers" began in
Chattanooga, Tenn. last. 'May 1st.
They planned to march to Jackson,
Mississippi, following the path of
slain postman william Moore.
Mr. Moore had attempted a oneman 
march, but was murdered near
Galsden Alabama on April 23rd,
1963.
On learning of 'Walter's" plans
M Lingo, Alabama's director of
public safety, ordered arrest of the
marchers, on charges of breach of
the peace, If they crossed the Alabama 
state line.
NAACP Legal Defense Fund Attorney 
Fred D. Gray, of Montgomery, 
sought a temporary restraining
order and a preliminary and permanent 
injuction to prevent Alabama 
authorities from blacking the

march.
However, the Federal District
Court refused to hear the marchers' 
plea.
They were arrested on May 3rd,
when they crossed the Alabama
line, and their organizations, the
Congress of Racial Equality, Student 
Non-Violent Coordinating
Committee and the NAACP were
later enjoined, by an Alabama State
Court, from acts "designed to
consumate conspiracies...."
Mr. Greenberg, and other Defense
Fund attorneys, argued in their
brief in the Court of Appeals for
the Fifth Circuit, that the "marchers 
were engaged in the exercise of
constitutionally protected expression 
and were not subject to interference 
by state authorities seeking 
to prevent expression of their
views."
Messrs. Greenberg and Gray were
joined by Defense Fund attorneys,
Constance Baker Motley, Derrick
A. Bell, Norman Amaker and Mel
Zarr in handling the case.

ORDER SOUGHT

The Defense Fund asked the Appeals' 
Court to declare as error the
Federal District Court's refusal to
hear the "Freedom Walker's" claim
that, their constitutional rights
were infringed by Alabama.
The "Freedom Walkers" began in
Chattanooga, Tenn. last. 'May 1st.
They planned to march to Jackson,
Mississippi, following the path of
slain postman william Moore.
Mr. Moore had attempted a oneman 
march, but was murdered near
Galsden Alabama on April 23rd,
1963.
On learning of 'Walter's" plans
M Lingo, Alabama's director of
public safety, ordered arrest of the
marchers, on charges of breach of
the peace, If they crossed the Alabama 
state line.
NAACP Legal Defense Fund Attorney 
Fred D. Gray, of Montgomery, 
sought a temporary restraining
order and a preliminary and permanent 
injuction to prevent Alabama 
authorities from blacking the

march.
However, the Federal District
Court refused to hear the marchers' 
plea.
They were arrested on May 3rd,
when they crossed the Alabama
line, and their organizations, the
Congress of Racial Equality, Student 
Non-Violent Coordinating
Committee and the NAACP were
later enjoined, by an Alabama State
Court, from acts "designed to
consumate conspiracies...."
Mr. Greenberg, and other Defense
Fund attorneys, argued in their
brief in the Court of Appeals for
the Fifth Circuit, that the "marchers 
were engaged in the exercise of
constitutionally protected expression 
and were not subject to interference 
by state authorities seeking 
to prevent expression of their
views."
Messrs. Greenberg and Gray were
joined by Defense Fund attorneys,
Constance Baker Motley, Derrick
A. Bell, Norman Amaker and Mel
Zarr in handling the case.

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HAIR

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NAACP's 1963
Membership Tops
Half-Million Mark
Signaling its
leadership in epoch-making civil
rights activities of 1963, the National 
Association for the Advancement 
of Colored People for the
first time passed the half-million
mark in membership.
Executive Secretary Roy Wilkins
reported at the Association's annual 
meeting here, Jan. 6, a total
of 515.396 members as of Dec. 24.
This figure represents an additional 
117,988 members over 1962, an increase 
of 29 per cent.
Youth membership reached 55,867, 
a 50 per cent increase over
the 1962 total.
Under direction of Gloster B.
Current, director of branches, a record 
number of new units were
chartered during the year — 120
branches, youth councils, college
chapters and young adult councils.
The newly-chartered units brought
the total to 1,725, the highest to
the history of the organization.
There are active units in the District 
of Columbia and In every state
of the Union except Albama where
the Association has been banned
by a state court injunction since
1956.
Chicago with a total of 31,880, was,
the largest single branch In the Association. 
However, the 12 branches 
in the five boroughs of New York
City enrolled a total of 34,011.
Second largest single branch in
the country was Detroit with 28,443, 
followed by Philadelphia, 24,481. 
Other branches with 10,000 or
more members included Cleveland,
16,034; Baltimore, 12,613; Washington, 
131.205; Pittsburgh, 10,457; and
Brooklyn, 10,200.

Atty. Motley Is
Cited By Magazine
Pageant magazine
this week cited Constance Baker
Motley, associate counsel, NAACP
Legal Defense-Fund, as the American 
to watch in the field of race
relations in 1964.
Mrs. Motley, attorney for James
Meredith and a host of other historic 
rights cases, holds the number
two administrative post at the Fund
which represented 10,485 demonstrators 
in 1963.
Among other distinguished citizens 
cited by Pageant are Dr, John
 Merrill, medicine, a leader in the
field of kidney transplantation;
Rev, Malcolm Boyd, religion, Episcopal 
Chaplain, Wayne State University. 

Also, Michael 0. Sullivan, theatre,
star of the off Broadway smash.
"In White America."