Memphis World
Memphis World Publishing Co.
1960-03-26
Thaddeus T. Stokes

MEMPHIS WORLD
The South's Oldest and Leading Colored Semi-Weekly Newspaper
Published by MEMPHIS WORLD PUBLISHING CO.
Every WEDNESDAY and SATURDAY at 546 BEALE - Ph. JA. 6-4038
Member of SCOTT NEWSPAPER SYNDICATE
W. A. Scott, II, Founder; C. A. Scott, General Manager
Entered in the Post Office at Memphis, Tenn. as second-class mail
under the Act of Congress, March 1, 1870
THADDEUS T. STOKES Managing Editor
SMITH FLEMING Circulation Manager
SUBSCRIPTION RATES
Year $5.00 — 6 Months $3.00 — 3 Months $1.50 (In Advance)
The MEMPHIS WORLD is an independent newspaper — non-sectarian
and non-partisan, printing news unbiasedly and supporting those things
it believes to be of interest to its readers and opposing those things
against the interest of its readers.

The Pattern Of High Ground Set
For Other Governors
Florida's Governor LeRoy Collins set a laudable example
recently when he took to the air to express his views on the
current student sitdown protests. He would bargain for open
communications and better relations by the appointment of a
State bi-racial advisory committee and urged other Florida communities 
to work for better understanding. This is directly in
accordance with an appeal made by President Eisenhower a
few days previous when he suggested that Southern communities 
set up bi-racial committees to deal with the problems getting 
so much publicity at this time.
The governor was firm in his contention that he thought it
was "unfair for a store owner not to allow Negroes to patronize 
one department while being permitted to trade at others."
The governor said further: "I don't mind saying that a man
having a department store and he invites the general public
to come in his department store and trade, I think it is unfair
and morally wrong for him to single out one department, though,
and say he does not want, or will not allow Negroes to patronize 
that one department."
So, here is one Deep-South governor who laid his portion
on the line, and in so doing has not only set high ground for
other governors, seeking to take much of this needless tension
out of a serious question gnawing at the very framework of our
national life.
Governor Collins is standing upon a record of consistency
which he has exhibited at press conferences as well as in the
governors' conventions.
He would afford quite a contrast with the unfortunate position 
credited to former President Harry Truman, who let the
world know in a strong term that he would throw anyone out
of his establishment if he employed the methods now used by
Negro college students. This is indeed quite a departure from
what many of Mr. Truman's followers and admirers would have
expected of the man whose handiwork may still be seen in
some of this Civil Rights progression.
Quite unbecoming that one having held the highest office
in the gift of his people, and who owes much of the surprising
wallop which sent him over triumphantly as President of the
United States, would at a time when the country needed his
counsel most, give out such a flippant remark.
No, Mr. Truman, the country doesn't do just that now:
throwing people out belongs to the ages before the law undertook 
to form more humane and tolerant patterns even with
dealing with the most willful offenders.
Governor Collins has shown a statesmanlike spirit; his
quotations from the Bible would Set him apart as one of the
modern day prophets who sees in the dim distance the triumph
of such maneuvers and gestures that come under the cover and
color of righteousness.
The illness of Georgia's Governor Vandiver is generally
deplored; here's hoping that he will soon find a recovery and
that he will avail himself of the opportunity of offering to his
people some such program so urgently desired in these trying
times.

The 1960 Census To Start
On April 1, the eighteenth census of population and housing 
in the United States will begin, The first census was taken
179 years ago, in 1790. Thomas Jefferson was then Secretary
of State. This year's census promises to be the most interesting
ever taken.
Among other things the census-which is taken every ten
years—is expected to show trends which will influence business,
cities and states, and even sections of the country. The states
and sections will learn how their population is being affected,
where it is growing and where citizens are decreasing in numbers. 
The census will show what is happening to farm and city
populations; whether the suburbs are continuing to grow or
growing faster; whether the farms are losing faster or holding
their own.
One of the major political results of the census will be the
fact that on it will be based Congressional representation, as
elected in 1962. Because the House of Representatives is limited
to 435 seats, after the census is taken some states are expected
to lose Congressional representation, and others are expected
to gain.
For example, California, Texas and Florida, among other
States, will gain members in the lower House, (The U.S. Senate
is not affected, because two senators are elected in each state.)
A number of eastern states, including New York, will lose Congressional 
representation as a result of the census, as will most
certainly Mississippi, and some other southern states.
Predictions are that the population of this country will be
about 179 million, which will reflect a rapidly increasing rate
of growth for the country. Atlanta hopefully will watch the
tabulations to confirm its one million population estimate, and
Negro citizens will know if their numbers have reached the 20
million mark in America.
Negro participation as census takers and supervisors has
reached an all-time high. Throughout Georgia, for instance,
Negroes have been appointed as enumerators, after having,
qualified through examinations; and in Atlanta some 140, are
to be appointed, with six persons having been appointed to
supervisory crew leader jobs.
This speaks well for the Republican National Administration 
and testifies to the alertness of local Republican leaders and
others who early in the process of census organization, saw to
it that local Negro citizens were not left out of the job picture.
By the time of the next census taking let us hope our share
of the employment will be even more proportionate.

Good News For Tuskegee
Good news from Alabama. A group of Tuskegee citizens
recently won a Supreme Court hearing on their contention that
Alabama illegally deprived them of the right to vote by changing 
the boundaries of the town to exclude their homes.
Thus, one of the most outrageous incidents implemented
to rob Negroes of their ballot will have proper airing.
It is said that in the gerrymander, not a single white home
was left out of the city limits. This is obviously proof that the

scheme was hatched up and aimed at Negro voters.
It is also of record that State Senator Sam Englehart proposed 
a bill to clear out Macon County and cut it into five parcels 
to adjoining counties. This was to keep Negro voters, who
represent a majority of the population, from aspiring for office.
This running sore in the state of Alabama has furnished
ugly publicity. It has been, however, a weapon in the struggle
for civil rights for the protection of voting.
Thusly, do fop heavy injustices come to book by toppling
of the own weight.
So, this is good news and little by little may Tuskegee and
Macon County remove those spurious standards set by some
who would spare no extreme in an effort to keep down Negro
voting.

"SIT-INS" CREATED MA

appears as if defense is using this
court as a propaganda platform to
get this case to the public,"
Atty. Hooks countered; "I do not
think it right to decide this case
on what somebdy thinks,"
When one of the Negro attorneys 
informed the judge that the
reference department of Cossitt
Libray was integrated," he grimaced, 
swirled around in his seat,
and snatched hs eyeglasses off and
added, "What" in an alrmed voice.
Ironically enough, alarge, framed
copy of the 'Bill of Rights," also
appeared to be out of place.
Atty. Estes established by the
testimony that there are not any
signs in the library which says:

"Negroes are not allowed in this
public building which is supported
by taxpayers money."
After all of the legal presentation 
from the city's attorney, defendants 
attorneys — after all of
the testimony from both witnesses 
on both sides, Judge Bousche
imposed the fine of $26 on all of
the student "sit-ins." Defense attorneys 
immediately appealed the
cases.
Defendants, attorneys, the judge,
officers and spectators breathed a
sigh as if all of them said at once,
"I've had a busy day." Outside of
the courthouse, anxious parents
and spectators waited eargerly to
hear the decisions.



are not permitted to use the McLean 
branch. The defense brought
in that Mich denials have been
rendered unconstitutional by decisions 
of the United States Supreme
Court, and that the reason Mrs..
Karpinski called the police was
not because of the large group of
students — that had nothing to do
with it — but solely because the
"Students were Negroes:
It was at this point that judge
Boushe made an address to the
court.
"It's not within my province to
question integration, segregation or
civil rights, The issue before this
court is that we had a concerted effort 
by what: appeared to be a mob,
a mass converging on a place where
they had no business in the first
pace. This situation (segregation)
has been in existence more than
200 years, and is the law, The sole
question with which this court is
concerned is that of maintaining
the peace and dignity of the community. 
This sort of thing hints
strongly of mob rule by intimidation 
and smacks of gangsterism. It
was Ill-advised, Ill-timed and premature." 

Atty. Hooks said he did not understand 
what the Judge meant.
"What do you mean when you talk
of a mass, mobs going to take over
a place? These students went to
the library because they felt it
their constitutional right to do so,
based on decisions of the United
States Supreme Court which according 
to the Court's interpretation 
of the 14th Amendment gives
them the right to use any public
facility, and the judicial arm of
the state may not legally be used
to prevent them from using any
public facility."
In the exchange between Atty.
Hooks and Judge Boushe, Boushe
continued to repeat charges that
the students went out to the library 
to "start an Issue." that their
actions were "an open invitation
to violence and could have "set
off an electrified atmosphere which
could have started — anything."
He repealed again and again his
statement in regards to "mobs,
musses, intimidation and gangsterism." 
"These students had no business 
out there in the first place,"
Judge Boushe emphasized.
Defense Atty, J. A. Estes said
the point of whether the students
belonged out to the library or not
had been settled, and that Boushe
had earlier stated that the question
of civil rights, integration and segregation 
was not the question before 
the court but had himself
brought the issue in when he stated 
that the students had no right
to be in the library. "Could it be
that your Honor has already reach–
ed a decision as to the right of
the students to go to the public
library," Estes asked. Judge Boushe
said he does not pre-juage cases
"in any way."
Three other librarians called to
testify for the prosecution, Miss
Louise Cox, 1845 Peabody, Mrs. Sue
Waller, 2024 Nelson, and Mrs. Jack
Richmond, 575 East, all said they
were "upset" by the presence of
the Negro students. However, under
cross-examination from Atty. Sugar
mori, they, too, admitted that the
students were orderly and courteous, 
that they were not loud, or use
abusiv language, and that the
reason they had the students arrested 
was that they were Negroes.
Police Captain W. C. Lane, who
was in charfge of the arrests, said
the students were orderly when at
the library and "gave us no trouble
at any time." So-did Inspector H.
L. McAden, identification bureau
chief.
It was at this point that defense
Atty. S. A. Wilbun asked that all
charges be thrown out in view of
the fact that none of the witnesses
had said the students were disorderly. 
Judge Boushe dismissed

the charges of loitering, out refuse 
to dismiss the others. Wilbun
then stated the students were exercising 
their rights under the 14th
Amendment.
Boushe repeated that civil rights,
intergration and segregation was
net the issue, and that a case has
already been filed in Federal Court
concerning the library Issue. He
said the students action was unnecessary 
in view of this, and
pointed out that Negroes entered
Memphis State University through
proper channels, the court. He said
the Negroes should have waited
until a decision was reached in the
case.
"How much longer does Your Honor 
expect for us (Negroes) to wait
for what is rightfully ours?"
Hooks asked. "We have been patient, 
we have tried to work out
things with the white community, 
but the white community takes
the position that we are not going
to move. No amount of fines will
stop occurences such as this one.
We are living in a transitory age
when long-standing customs are
being abandoned, when men and
women of the Negro race are showing 
that they are sick and tried of
seeing their constitutional rights
denied and are getting on the advancing 
tide of freedom.
"These students were not a mob,
not a mass, but interested, lawabiding 
citizens who felt it their
right as a citizen of Memphis to
use the public library. There was
no indication of possible violence,
and if the police had not been called 
there would be no issue before
the court today," Atty. Hooks continued. 

"Before Memphis State was peacefully 
integrated, it was said that
blood would run in the streets, but
there was no violence, and there
would have been no incident in
this case if the students would
have been granted their rights under 
the 14th Amendment, and the
state cannot lend its sanction to
any segregation law under the 14th
Amendment.
"We are a nation of laws, and
not of men. For hundreds of years,
we have obeyed laws which we did
not like, we have seen our rights
abused. But the white man is apparently 
not willing or has not
shown willingness to obey laws
which he thinks are unfavorable.
"It is a matter of fact that the
Vance Avenue branch library is
poorly stocked, inadequate. Negroes
pay taxes, and the libraries should
be for the benefit of all, but for
200 years we have been given the
crumbs of the democracy, we've
been patient, but how patient, how
much longer do you think we
should wait?"
Boushe: "I admit, you've done
pretty good."
Sugarmon said it would be an
injustice for the court to fine the
students. Judge Boushe denied this
motion.
Next to testify were two of the
Students involved, Miss Gwendolyn
Townsend, of LeMoyne College, and
Clyde Battles, of Owen. Miss Townsend 
testified that she and the
group just met on the LeMoyne
campus and talked about term
papers. She said that many of them
could riot find the books they
wanted at the college libraries to
use as research for their papers,
and that they decided to go to the
main branch to get the books we
needed." Battle affirmed Miss
Townsend's statement.
Atty. Shea said that the students
"conspiracy" testimony indicated
that there had been a conspiracy,
that students of the two colleges
did not accidently meet, on a bus
and decide to go to the libraries on
the spur of the moment. Boushe
indicated that there might be an
element of prejury in the students'
testimony. Defense attorneys said
that they did not deny that the
students met and discussed the
issue.
Next to speak was defense Atty.
H. T. Lockard, who called for dismissal 
of the charges on the
grounds that they violate the

Fourteenth Amendment. Judge
Bousche interupted, "We're not going 
to have any more of this bringing 
in the 14th Amendment." "I
have been tolerant with civil rights,
segregation and integration being
brought into the thing, but that is
not the issue before this court."
Lockard asked: "Is Your Honor
to say that an attorney does not
have the right to state his position
before the court? "This has been
our position all day — the Supreme
Court's decisions, the Court's interpretation 
of the 14th Amendment." 

The Judge said: "The issue before 
this court is that of whether
the peace of this community has
been threatened by a mob which
attempted to take over the public
libraries" solely for the purpose of
using the courts as a sounding
board for public propaganda."
The defense attorneys did not
agree with Judge Boushe's statements, 
but asked for a recess to restate 
their position. The attorneys
came back and emphasized to the
Court that, as all the witnesses,
white and Negro, had testified, the
students were not disorderly, and
therefore, on these grounds alone,
all involved should be dismissed,
Shea, in summing up, repeated his
charge that the students had disturbed 
the peace by going to the
library and, therefore, were disorderly. 

Judge Boushe fined all the 19,
$20 on disorderly conduct charges.
He fined the 17 students who
entered the Front Street Branch
the same amount, after rejecting
a plea by the defense that the case
was diferent in that Negroes are
permitted to enter the building and
under Supreme Court decree, are
therefore eligible to use all of its
facilities.

ADDRESS TO COURT

are not permitted to use the McLean 
branch. The defense brought
in that Mich denials have been
rendered unconstitutional by decisions 
of the United States Supreme
Court, and that the reason Mrs..
Karpinski called the police was
not because of the large group of
students — that had nothing to do
with it — but solely because the
"Students were Negroes:
It was at this point that judge
Boushe made an address to the
court.
"It's not within my province to
question integration, segregation or
civil rights, The issue before this
court is that we had a concerted effort 
by what: appeared to be a mob,
a mass converging on a place where
they had no business in the first
pace. This situation (segregation)
has been in existence more than
200 years, and is the law, The sole
question with which this court is
concerned is that of maintaining
the peace and dignity of the community. 
This sort of thing hints
strongly of mob rule by intimidation 
and smacks of gangsterism. It
was Ill-advised, Ill-timed and premature." 

Atty. Hooks said he did not understand 
what the Judge meant.
"What do you mean when you talk
of a mass, mobs going to take over
a place? These students went to
the library because they felt it
their constitutional right to do so,
based on decisions of the United
States Supreme Court which according 
to the Court's interpretation 
of the 14th Amendment gives
them the right to use any public
facility, and the judicial arm of
the state may not legally be used
to prevent them from using any
public facility."
In the exchange between Atty.
Hooks and Judge Boushe, Boushe
continued to repeat charges that
the students went out to the library 
to "start an Issue." that their
actions were "an open invitation
to violence and could have "set
off an electrified atmosphere which
could have started — anything."
He repealed again and again his
statement in regards to "mobs,
musses, intimidation and gangsterism." 
"These students had no business 
out there in the first place,"
Judge Boushe emphasized.
Defense Atty, J. A. Estes said
the point of whether the students
belonged out to the library or not
had been settled, and that Boushe
had earlier stated that the question
of civil rights, integration and segregation 
was not the question before 
the court but had himself
brought the issue in when he stated 
that the students had no right
to be in the library. "Could it be
that your Honor has already reach–
ed a decision as to the right of
the students to go to the public
library," Estes asked. Judge Boushe
said he does not pre-juage cases
"in any way."
Three other librarians called to
testify for the prosecution, Miss
Louise Cox, 1845 Peabody, Mrs. Sue
Waller, 2024 Nelson, and Mrs. Jack
Richmond, 575 East, all said they
were "upset" by the presence of
the Negro students. However, under
cross-examination from Atty. Sugar
mori, they, too, admitted that the
students were orderly and courteous, 
that they were not loud, or use
abusiv language, and that the
reason they had the students arrested 
was that they were Negroes.
Police Captain W. C. Lane, who
was in charfge of the arrests, said
the students were orderly when at
the library and "gave us no trouble
at any time." So-did Inspector H.
L. McAden, identification bureau
chief.
It was at this point that defense
Atty. S. A. Wilbun asked that all
charges be thrown out in view of
the fact that none of the witnesses
had said the students were disorderly. 
Judge Boushe dismissed

the charges of loitering, out refuse 
to dismiss the others. Wilbun
then stated the students were exercising 
their rights under the 14th
Amendment.
Boushe repeated that civil rights,
intergration and segregation was
net the issue, and that a case has
already been filed in Federal Court
concerning the library Issue. He
said the students action was unnecessary 
in view of this, and
pointed out that Negroes entered
Memphis State University through
proper channels, the court. He said
the Negroes should have waited
until a decision was reached in the
case.
"How much longer does Your Honor 
expect for us (Negroes) to wait
for what is rightfully ours?"
Hooks asked. "We have been patient, 
we have tried to work out
things with the white community, 
but the white community takes
the position that we are not going
to move. No amount of fines will
stop occurences such as this one.
We are living in a transitory age
when long-standing customs are
being abandoned, when men and
women of the Negro race are showing 
that they are sick and tried of
seeing their constitutional rights
denied and are getting on the advancing 
tide of freedom.
"These students were not a mob,
not a mass, but interested, lawabiding 
citizens who felt it their
right as a citizen of Memphis to
use the public library. There was
no indication of possible violence,
and if the police had not been called 
there would be no issue before
the court today," Atty. Hooks continued. 

"Before Memphis State was peacefully 
integrated, it was said that
blood would run in the streets, but
there was no violence, and there
would have been no incident in
this case if the students would
have been granted their rights under 
the 14th Amendment, and the
state cannot lend its sanction to
any segregation law under the 14th
Amendment.
"We are a nation of laws, and
not of men. For hundreds of years,
we have obeyed laws which we did
not like, we have seen our rights
abused. But the white man is apparently 
not willing or has not
shown willingness to obey laws
which he thinks are unfavorable.
"It is a matter of fact that the
Vance Avenue branch library is
poorly stocked, inadequate. Negroes
pay taxes, and the libraries should
be for the benefit of all, but for
200 years we have been given the
crumbs of the democracy, we've
been patient, but how patient, how
much longer do you think we
should wait?"
Boushe: "I admit, you've done
pretty good."
Sugarmon said it would be an
injustice for the court to fine the
students. Judge Boushe denied this
motion.
Next to testify were two of the
Students involved, Miss Gwendolyn
Townsend, of LeMoyne College, and
Clyde Battles, of Owen. Miss Townsend 
testified that she and the
group just met on the LeMoyne
campus and talked about term
papers. She said that many of them
could riot find the books they
wanted at the college libraries to
use as research for their papers,
and that they decided to go to the
main branch to get the books we
needed." Battle affirmed Miss
Townsend's statement.
Atty. Shea said that the students
"conspiracy" testimony indicated
that there had been a conspiracy,
that students of the two colleges
did not accidently meet, on a bus
and decide to go to the libraries on
the spur of the moment. Boushe
indicated that there might be an
element of prejury in the students'
testimony. Defense attorneys said
that they did not deny that the
students met and discussed the
issue.
Next to speak was defense Atty.
H. T. Lockard, who called for dismissal 
of the charges on the
grounds that they violate the

Fourteenth Amendment. Judge
Bousche interupted, "We're not going 
to have any more of this bringing 
in the 14th Amendment." "I
have been tolerant with civil rights,
segregation and integration being
brought into the thing, but that is
not the issue before this court."
Lockard asked: "Is Your Honor
to say that an attorney does not
have the right to state his position
before the court? "This has been
our position all day — the Supreme
Court's decisions, the Court's interpretation 
of the 14th Amendment." 

The Judge said: "The issue before 
this court is that of whether
the peace of this community has
been threatened by a mob which
attempted to take over the public
libraries" solely for the purpose of
using the courts as a sounding
board for public propaganda."
The defense attorneys did not
agree with Judge Boushe's statements, 
but asked for a recess to restate 
their position. The attorneys
came back and emphasized to the
Court that, as all the witnesses,
white and Negro, had testified, the
students were not disorderly, and
therefore, on these grounds alone,
all involved should be dismissed,
Shea, in summing up, repeated his
charge that the students had disturbed 
the peace by going to the
library and, therefore, were disorderly. 

Judge Boushe fined all the 19,
$20 on disorderly conduct charges.
He fined the 17 students who
entered the Front Street Branch
the same amount, after rejecting
a plea by the defense that the case
was diferent in that Negroes are
permitted to enter the building and
under Supreme Court decree, are
therefore eligible to use all of its
facilities.

WHAT DO YOU MEAN?

are not permitted to use the McLean 
branch. The defense brought
in that Mich denials have been
rendered unconstitutional by decisions 
of the United States Supreme
Court, and that the reason Mrs..
Karpinski called the police was
not because of the large group of
students — that had nothing to do
with it — but solely because the
"Students were Negroes:
It was at this point that judge
Boushe made an address to the
court.
"It's not within my province to
question integration, segregation or
civil rights, The issue before this
court is that we had a concerted effort 
by what: appeared to be a mob,
a mass converging on a place where
they had no business in the first
pace. This situation (segregation)
has been in existence more than
200 years, and is the law, The sole
question with which this court is
concerned is that of maintaining
the peace and dignity of the community. 
This sort of thing hints
strongly of mob rule by intimidation 
and smacks of gangsterism. It
was Ill-advised, Ill-timed and premature." 

Atty. Hooks said he did not understand 
what the Judge meant.
"What do you mean when you talk
of a mass, mobs going to take over
a place? These students went to
the library because they felt it
their constitutional right to do so,
based on decisions of the United
States Supreme Court which according 
to the Court's interpretation 
of the 14th Amendment gives
them the right to use any public
facility, and the judicial arm of
the state may not legally be used
to prevent them from using any
public facility."
In the exchange between Atty.
Hooks and Judge Boushe, Boushe
continued to repeat charges that
the students went out to the library 
to "start an Issue." that their
actions were "an open invitation
to violence and could have "set
off an electrified atmosphere which
could have started — anything."
He repealed again and again his
statement in regards to "mobs,
musses, intimidation and gangsterism." 
"These students had no business 
out there in the first place,"
Judge Boushe emphasized.
Defense Atty, J. A. Estes said
the point of whether the students
belonged out to the library or not
had been settled, and that Boushe
had earlier stated that the question
of civil rights, integration and segregation 
was not the question before 
the court but had himself
brought the issue in when he stated 
that the students had no right
to be in the library. "Could it be
that your Honor has already reach–
ed a decision as to the right of
the students to go to the public
library," Estes asked. Judge Boushe
said he does not pre-juage cases
"in any way."
Three other librarians called to
testify for the prosecution, Miss
Louise Cox, 1845 Peabody, Mrs. Sue
Waller, 2024 Nelson, and Mrs. Jack
Richmond, 575 East, all said they
were "upset" by the presence of
the Negro students. However, under
cross-examination from Atty. Sugar
mori, they, too, admitted that the
students were orderly and courteous, 
that they were not loud, or use
abusiv language, and that the
reason they had the students arrested 
was that they were Negroes.
Police Captain W. C. Lane, who
was in charfge of the arrests, said
the students were orderly when at
the library and "gave us no trouble
at any time." So-did Inspector H.
L. McAden, identification bureau
chief.
It was at this point that defense
Atty. S. A. Wilbun asked that all
charges be thrown out in view of
the fact that none of the witnesses
had said the students were disorderly. 
Judge Boushe dismissed

the charges of loitering, out refuse 
to dismiss the others. Wilbun
then stated the students were exercising 
their rights under the 14th
Amendment.
Boushe repeated that civil rights,
intergration and segregation was
net the issue, and that a case has
already been filed in Federal Court
concerning the library Issue. He
said the students action was unnecessary 
in view of this, and
pointed out that Negroes entered
Memphis State University through
proper channels, the court. He said
the Negroes should have waited
until a decision was reached in the
case.
"How much longer does Your Honor 
expect for us (Negroes) to wait
for what is rightfully ours?"
Hooks asked. "We have been patient, 
we have tried to work out
things with the white community, 
but the white community takes
the position that we are not going
to move. No amount of fines will
stop occurences such as this one.
We are living in a transitory age
when long-standing customs are
being abandoned, when men and
women of the Negro race are showing 
that they are sick and tried of
seeing their constitutional rights
denied and are getting on the advancing 
tide of freedom.
"These students were not a mob,
not a mass, but interested, lawabiding 
citizens who felt it their
right as a citizen of Memphis to
use the public library. There was
no indication of possible violence,
and if the police had not been called 
there would be no issue before
the court today," Atty. Hooks continued. 

"Before Memphis State was peacefully 
integrated, it was said that
blood would run in the streets, but
there was no violence, and there
would have been no incident in
this case if the students would
have been granted their rights under 
the 14th Amendment, and the
state cannot lend its sanction to
any segregation law under the 14th
Amendment.
"We are a nation of laws, and
not of men. For hundreds of years,
we have obeyed laws which we did
not like, we have seen our rights
abused. But the white man is apparently 
not willing or has not
shown willingness to obey laws
which he thinks are unfavorable.
"It is a matter of fact that the
Vance Avenue branch library is
poorly stocked, inadequate. Negroes
pay taxes, and the libraries should
be for the benefit of all, but for
200 years we have been given the
crumbs of the democracy, we've
been patient, but how patient, how
much longer do you think we
should wait?"
Boushe: "I admit, you've done
pretty good."
Sugarmon said it would be an
injustice for the court to fine the
students. Judge Boushe denied this
motion.
Next to testify were two of the
Students involved, Miss Gwendolyn
Townsend, of LeMoyne College, and
Clyde Battles, of Owen. Miss Townsend 
testified that she and the
group just met on the LeMoyne
campus and talked about term
papers. She said that many of them
could riot find the books they
wanted at the college libraries to
use as research for their papers,
and that they decided to go to the
main branch to get the books we
needed." Battle affirmed Miss
Townsend's statement.
Atty. Shea said that the students
"conspiracy" testimony indicated
that there had been a conspiracy,
that students of the two colleges
did not accidently meet, on a bus
and decide to go to the libraries on
the spur of the moment. Boushe
indicated that there might be an
element of prejury in the students'
testimony. Defense attorneys said
that they did not deny that the
students met and discussed the
issue.
Next to speak was defense Atty.
H. T. Lockard, who called for dismissal 
of the charges on the
grounds that they violate the

Fourteenth Amendment. Judge
Bousche interupted, "We're not going 
to have any more of this bringing 
in the 14th Amendment." "I
have been tolerant with civil rights,
segregation and integration being
brought into the thing, but that is
not the issue before this court."
Lockard asked: "Is Your Honor
to say that an attorney does not
have the right to state his position
before the court? "This has been
our position all day — the Supreme
Court's decisions, the Court's interpretation 
of the 14th Amendment." 

The Judge said: "The issue before 
this court is that of whether
the peace of this community has
been threatened by a mob which
attempted to take over the public
libraries" solely for the purpose of
using the courts as a sounding
board for public propaganda."
The defense attorneys did not
agree with Judge Boushe's statements, 
but asked for a recess to restate 
their position. The attorneys
came back and emphasized to the
Court that, as all the witnesses,
white and Negro, had testified, the
students were not disorderly, and
therefore, on these grounds alone,
all involved should be dismissed,
Shea, in summing up, repeated his
charge that the students had disturbed 
the peace by going to the
library and, therefore, were disorderly. 

Judge Boushe fined all the 19,
$20 on disorderly conduct charges.
He fined the 17 students who
entered the Front Street Branch
the same amount, after rejecting
a plea by the defense that the case
was diferent in that Negroes are
permitted to enter the building and
under Supreme Court decree, are
therefore eligible to use all of its
facilities.

NOT BEEN SETTLED

are not permitted to use the McLean 
branch. The defense brought
in that Mich denials have been
rendered unconstitutional by decisions 
of the United States Supreme
Court, and that the reason Mrs..
Karpinski called the police was
not because of the large group of
students — that had nothing to do
with it — but solely because the
"Students were Negroes:
It was at this point that judge
Boushe made an address to the
court.
"It's not within my province to
question integration, segregation or
civil rights, The issue before this
court is that we had a concerted effort 
by what: appeared to be a mob,
a mass converging on a place where
they had no business in the first
pace. This situation (segregation)
has been in existence more than
200 years, and is the law, The sole
question with which this court is
concerned is that of maintaining
the peace and dignity of the community. 
This sort of thing hints
strongly of mob rule by intimidation 
and smacks of gangsterism. It
was Ill-advised, Ill-timed and premature." 

Atty. Hooks said he did not understand 
what the Judge meant.
"What do you mean when you talk
of a mass, mobs going to take over
a place? These students went to
the library because they felt it
their constitutional right to do so,
based on decisions of the United
States Supreme Court which according 
to the Court's interpretation 
of the 14th Amendment gives
them the right to use any public
facility, and the judicial arm of
the state may not legally be used
to prevent them from using any
public facility."
In the exchange between Atty.
Hooks and Judge Boushe, Boushe
continued to repeat charges that
the students went out to the library 
to "start an Issue." that their
actions were "an open invitation
to violence and could have "set
off an electrified atmosphere which
could have started — anything."
He repealed again and again his
statement in regards to "mobs,
musses, intimidation and gangsterism." 
"These students had no business 
out there in the first place,"
Judge Boushe emphasized.
Defense Atty, J. A. Estes said
the point of whether the students
belonged out to the library or not
had been settled, and that Boushe
had earlier stated that the question
of civil rights, integration and segregation 
was not the question before 
the court but had himself
brought the issue in when he stated 
that the students had no right
to be in the library. "Could it be
that your Honor has already reach–
ed a decision as to the right of
the students to go to the public
library," Estes asked. Judge Boushe
said he does not pre-juage cases
"in any way."
Three other librarians called to
testify for the prosecution, Miss
Louise Cox, 1845 Peabody, Mrs. Sue
Waller, 2024 Nelson, and Mrs. Jack
Richmond, 575 East, all said they
were "upset" by the presence of
the Negro students. However, under
cross-examination from Atty. Sugar
mori, they, too, admitted that the
students were orderly and courteous, 
that they were not loud, or use
abusiv language, and that the
reason they had the students arrested 
was that they were Negroes.
Police Captain W. C. Lane, who
was in charfge of the arrests, said
the students were orderly when at
the library and "gave us no trouble
at any time." So-did Inspector H.
L. McAden, identification bureau
chief.
It was at this point that defense
Atty. S. A. Wilbun asked that all
charges be thrown out in view of
the fact that none of the witnesses
had said the students were disorderly. 
Judge Boushe dismissed

the charges of loitering, out refuse 
to dismiss the others. Wilbun
then stated the students were exercising 
their rights under the 14th
Amendment.
Boushe repeated that civil rights,
intergration and segregation was
net the issue, and that a case has
already been filed in Federal Court
concerning the library Issue. He
said the students action was unnecessary 
in view of this, and
pointed out that Negroes entered
Memphis State University through
proper channels, the court. He said
the Negroes should have waited
until a decision was reached in the
case.
"How much longer does Your Honor 
expect for us (Negroes) to wait
for what is rightfully ours?"
Hooks asked. "We have been patient, 
we have tried to work out
things with the white community, 
but the white community takes
the position that we are not going
to move. No amount of fines will
stop occurences such as this one.
We are living in a transitory age
when long-standing customs are
being abandoned, when men and
women of the Negro race are showing 
that they are sick and tried of
seeing their constitutional rights
denied and are getting on the advancing 
tide of freedom.
"These students were not a mob,
not a mass, but interested, lawabiding 
citizens who felt it their
right as a citizen of Memphis to
use the public library. There was
no indication of possible violence,
and if the police had not been called 
there would be no issue before
the court today," Atty. Hooks continued. 

"Before Memphis State was peacefully 
integrated, it was said that
blood would run in the streets, but
there was no violence, and there
would have been no incident in
this case if the students would
have been granted their rights under 
the 14th Amendment, and the
state cannot lend its sanction to
any segregation law under the 14th
Amendment.
"We are a nation of laws, and
not of men. For hundreds of years,
we have obeyed laws which we did
not like, we have seen our rights
abused. But the white man is apparently 
not willing or has not
shown willingness to obey laws
which he thinks are unfavorable.
"It is a matter of fact that the
Vance Avenue branch library is
poorly stocked, inadequate. Negroes
pay taxes, and the libraries should
be for the benefit of all, but for
200 years we have been given the
crumbs of the democracy, we've
been patient, but how patient, how
much longer do you think we
should wait?"
Boushe: "I admit, you've done
pretty good."
Sugarmon said it would be an
injustice for the court to fine the
students. Judge Boushe denied this
motion.
Next to testify were two of the
Students involved, Miss Gwendolyn
Townsend, of LeMoyne College, and
Clyde Battles, of Owen. Miss Townsend 
testified that she and the
group just met on the LeMoyne
campus and talked about term
papers. She said that many of them
could riot find the books they
wanted at the college libraries to
use as research for their papers,
and that they decided to go to the
main branch to get the books we
needed." Battle affirmed Miss
Townsend's statement.
Atty. Shea said that the students
"conspiracy" testimony indicated
that there had been a conspiracy,
that students of the two colleges
did not accidently meet, on a bus
and decide to go to the libraries on
the spur of the moment. Boushe
indicated that there might be an
element of prejury in the students'
testimony. Defense attorneys said
that they did not deny that the
students met and discussed the
issue.
Next to speak was defense Atty.
H. T. Lockard, who called for dismissal 
of the charges on the
grounds that they violate the

Fourteenth Amendment. Judge
Bousche interupted, "We're not going 
to have any more of this bringing 
in the 14th Amendment." "I
have been tolerant with civil rights,
segregation and integration being
brought into the thing, but that is
not the issue before this court."
Lockard asked: "Is Your Honor
to say that an attorney does not
have the right to state his position
before the court? "This has been
our position all day — the Supreme
Court's decisions, the Court's interpretation 
of the 14th Amendment." 

The Judge said: "The issue before 
this court is that of whether
the peace of this community has
been threatened by a mob which
attempted to take over the public
libraries" solely for the purpose of
using the courts as a sounding
board for public propaganda."
The defense attorneys did not
agree with Judge Boushe's statements, 
but asked for a recess to restate 
their position. The attorneys
came back and emphasized to the
Court that, as all the witnesses,
white and Negro, had testified, the
students were not disorderly, and
therefore, on these grounds alone,
all involved should be dismissed,
Shea, in summing up, repeated his
charge that the students had disturbed 
the peace by going to the
library and, therefore, were disorderly. 

Judge Boushe fined all the 19,
$20 on disorderly conduct charges.
He fined the 17 students who
entered the Front Street Branch
the same amount, after rejecting
a plea by the defense that the case
was diferent in that Negroes are
permitted to enter the building and
under Supreme Court decree, are
therefore eligible to use all of its
facilities.

ASK FOR DISMISSAL

are not permitted to use the McLean 
branch. The defense brought
in that Mich denials have been
rendered unconstitutional by decisions 
of the United States Supreme
Court, and that the reason Mrs..
Karpinski called the police was
not because of the large group of
students — that had nothing to do
with it — but solely because the
"Students were Negroes:
It was at this point that judge
Boushe made an address to the
court.
"It's not within my province to
question integration, segregation or
civil rights, The issue before this
court is that we had a concerted effort 
by what: appeared to be a mob,
a mass converging on a place where
they had no business in the first
pace. This situation (segregation)
has been in existence more than
200 years, and is the law, The sole
question with which this court is
concerned is that of maintaining
the peace and dignity of the community. 
This sort of thing hints
strongly of mob rule by intimidation 
and smacks of gangsterism. It
was Ill-advised, Ill-timed and premature." 

Atty. Hooks said he did not understand 
what the Judge meant.
"What do you mean when you talk
of a mass, mobs going to take over
a place? These students went to
the library because they felt it
their constitutional right to do so,
based on decisions of the United
States Supreme Court which according 
to the Court's interpretation 
of the 14th Amendment gives
them the right to use any public
facility, and the judicial arm of
the state may not legally be used
to prevent them from using any
public facility."
In the exchange between Atty.
Hooks and Judge Boushe, Boushe
continued to repeat charges that
the students went out to the library 
to "start an Issue." that their
actions were "an open invitation
to violence and could have "set
off an electrified atmosphere which
could have started — anything."
He repealed again and again his
statement in regards to "mobs,
musses, intimidation and gangsterism." 
"These students had no business 
out there in the first place,"
Judge Boushe emphasized.
Defense Atty, J. A. Estes said
the point of whether the students
belonged out to the library or not
had been settled, and that Boushe
had earlier stated that the question
of civil rights, integration and segregation 
was not the question before 
the court but had himself
brought the issue in when he stated 
that the students had no right
to be in the library. "Could it be
that your Honor has already reach–
ed a decision as to the right of
the students to go to the public
library," Estes asked. Judge Boushe
said he does not pre-juage cases
"in any way."
Three other librarians called to
testify for the prosecution, Miss
Louise Cox, 1845 Peabody, Mrs. Sue
Waller, 2024 Nelson, and Mrs. Jack
Richmond, 575 East, all said they
were "upset" by the presence of
the Negro students. However, under
cross-examination from Atty. Sugar
mori, they, too, admitted that the
students were orderly and courteous, 
that they were not loud, or use
abusiv language, and that the
reason they had the students arrested 
was that they were Negroes.
Police Captain W. C. Lane, who
was in charfge of the arrests, said
the students were orderly when at
the library and "gave us no trouble
at any time." So-did Inspector H.
L. McAden, identification bureau
chief.
It was at this point that defense
Atty. S. A. Wilbun asked that all
charges be thrown out in view of
the fact that none of the witnesses
had said the students were disorderly. 
Judge Boushe dismissed

the charges of loitering, out refuse 
to dismiss the others. Wilbun
then stated the students were exercising 
their rights under the 14th
Amendment.
Boushe repeated that civil rights,
intergration and segregation was
net the issue, and that a case has
already been filed in Federal Court
concerning the library Issue. He
said the students action was unnecessary 
in view of this, and
pointed out that Negroes entered
Memphis State University through
proper channels, the court. He said
the Negroes should have waited
until a decision was reached in the
case.
"How much longer does Your Honor 
expect for us (Negroes) to wait
for what is rightfully ours?"
Hooks asked. "We have been patient, 
we have tried to work out
things with the white community, 
but the white community takes
the position that we are not going
to move. No amount of fines will
stop occurences such as this one.
We are living in a transitory age
when long-standing customs are
being abandoned, when men and
women of the Negro race are showing 
that they are sick and tried of
seeing their constitutional rights
denied and are getting on the advancing 
tide of freedom.
"These students were not a mob,
not a mass, but interested, lawabiding 
citizens who felt it their
right as a citizen of Memphis to
use the public library. There was
no indication of possible violence,
and if the police had not been called 
there would be no issue before
the court today," Atty. Hooks continued. 

"Before Memphis State was peacefully 
integrated, it was said that
blood would run in the streets, but
there was no violence, and there
would have been no incident in
this case if the students would
have been granted their rights under 
the 14th Amendment, and the
state cannot lend its sanction to
any segregation law under the 14th
Amendment.
"We are a nation of laws, and
not of men. For hundreds of years,
we have obeyed laws which we did
not like, we have seen our rights
abused. But the white man is apparently 
not willing or has not
shown willingness to obey laws
which he thinks are unfavorable.
"It is a matter of fact that the
Vance Avenue branch library is
poorly stocked, inadequate. Negroes
pay taxes, and the libraries should
be for the benefit of all, but for
200 years we have been given the
crumbs of the democracy, we've
been patient, but how patient, how
much longer do you think we
should wait?"
Boushe: "I admit, you've done
pretty good."
Sugarmon said it would be an
injustice for the court to fine the
students. Judge Boushe denied this
motion.
Next to testify were two of the
Students involved, Miss Gwendolyn
Townsend, of LeMoyne College, and
Clyde Battles, of Owen. Miss Townsend 
testified that she and the
group just met on the LeMoyne
campus and talked about term
papers. She said that many of them
could riot find the books they
wanted at the college libraries to
use as research for their papers,
and that they decided to go to the
main branch to get the books we
needed." Battle affirmed Miss
Townsend's statement.
Atty. Shea said that the students
"conspiracy" testimony indicated
that there had been a conspiracy,
that students of the two colleges
did not accidently meet, on a bus
and decide to go to the libraries on
the spur of the moment. Boushe
indicated that there might be an
element of prejury in the students'
testimony. Defense attorneys said
that they did not deny that the
students met and discussed the
issue.
Next to speak was defense Atty.
H. T. Lockard, who called for dismissal 
of the charges on the
grounds that they violate the

Fourteenth Amendment. Judge
Bousche interupted, "We're not going 
to have any more of this bringing 
in the 14th Amendment." "I
have been tolerant with civil rights,
segregation and integration being
brought into the thing, but that is
not the issue before this court."
Lockard asked: "Is Your Honor
to say that an attorney does not
have the right to state his position
before the court? "This has been
our position all day — the Supreme
Court's decisions, the Court's interpretation 
of the 14th Amendment." 

The Judge said: "The issue before 
this court is that of whether
the peace of this community has
been threatened by a mob which
attempted to take over the public
libraries" solely for the purpose of
using the courts as a sounding
board for public propaganda."
The defense attorneys did not
agree with Judge Boushe's statements, 
but asked for a recess to restate 
their position. The attorneys
came back and emphasized to the
Court that, as all the witnesses,
white and Negro, had testified, the
students were not disorderly, and
therefore, on these grounds alone,
all involved should be dismissed,
Shea, in summing up, repeated his
charge that the students had disturbed 
the peace by going to the
library and, therefore, were disorderly. 

Judge Boushe fined all the 19,
$20 on disorderly conduct charges.
He fined the 17 students who
entered the Front Street Branch
the same amount, after rejecting
a plea by the defense that the case
was diferent in that Negroes are
permitted to enter the building and
under Supreme Court decree, are
therefore eligible to use all of its
facilities.

HOW MUCH LONGER?

are not permitted to use the McLean 
branch. The defense brought
in that Mich denials have been
rendered unconstitutional by decisions 
of the United States Supreme
Court, and that the reason Mrs..
Karpinski called the police was
not because of the large group of
students — that had nothing to do
with it — but solely because the
"Students were Negroes:
It was at this point that judge
Boushe made an address to the
court.
"It's not within my province to
question integration, segregation or
civil rights, The issue before this
court is that we had a concerted effort 
by what: appeared to be a mob,
a mass converging on a place where
they had no business in the first
pace. This situation (segregation)
has been in existence more than
200 years, and is the law, The sole
question with which this court is
concerned is that of maintaining
the peace and dignity of the community. 
This sort of thing hints
strongly of mob rule by intimidation 
and smacks of gangsterism. It
was Ill-advised, Ill-timed and premature." 

Atty. Hooks said he did not understand 
what the Judge meant.
"What do you mean when you talk
of a mass, mobs going to take over
a place? These students went to
the library because they felt it
their constitutional right to do so,
based on decisions of the United
States Supreme Court which according 
to the Court's interpretation 
of the 14th Amendment gives
them the right to use any public
facility, and the judicial arm of
the state may not legally be used
to prevent them from using any
public facility."
In the exchange between Atty.
Hooks and Judge Boushe, Boushe
continued to repeat charges that
the students went out to the library 
to "start an Issue." that their
actions were "an open invitation
to violence and could have "set
off an electrified atmosphere which
could have started — anything."
He repealed again and again his
statement in regards to "mobs,
musses, intimidation and gangsterism." 
"These students had no business 
out there in the first place,"
Judge Boushe emphasized.
Defense Atty, J. A. Estes said
the point of whether the students
belonged out to the library or not
had been settled, and that Boushe
had earlier stated that the question
of civil rights, integration and segregation 
was not the question before 
the court but had himself
brought the issue in when he stated 
that the students had no right
to be in the library. "Could it be
that your Honor has already reach–
ed a decision as to the right of
the students to go to the public
library," Estes asked. Judge Boushe
said he does not pre-juage cases
"in any way."
Three other librarians called to
testify for the prosecution, Miss
Louise Cox, 1845 Peabody, Mrs. Sue
Waller, 2024 Nelson, and Mrs. Jack
Richmond, 575 East, all said they
were "upset" by the presence of
the Negro students. However, under
cross-examination from Atty. Sugar
mori, they, too, admitted that the
students were orderly and courteous, 
that they were not loud, or use
abusiv language, and that the
reason they had the students arrested 
was that they were Negroes.
Police Captain W. C. Lane, who
was in charfge of the arrests, said
the students were orderly when at
the library and "gave us no trouble
at any time." So-did Inspector H.
L. McAden, identification bureau
chief.
It was at this point that defense
Atty. S. A. Wilbun asked that all
charges be thrown out in view of
the fact that none of the witnesses
had said the students were disorderly. 
Judge Boushe dismissed

the charges of loitering, out refuse 
to dismiss the others. Wilbun
then stated the students were exercising 
their rights under the 14th
Amendment.
Boushe repeated that civil rights,
intergration and segregation was
net the issue, and that a case has
already been filed in Federal Court
concerning the library Issue. He
said the students action was unnecessary 
in view of this, and
pointed out that Negroes entered
Memphis State University through
proper channels, the court. He said
the Negroes should have waited
until a decision was reached in the
case.
"How much longer does Your Honor 
expect for us (Negroes) to wait
for what is rightfully ours?"
Hooks asked. "We have been patient, 
we have tried to work out
things with the white community, 
but the white community takes
the position that we are not going
to move. No amount of fines will
stop occurences such as this one.
We are living in a transitory age
when long-standing customs are
being abandoned, when men and
women of the Negro race are showing 
that they are sick and tried of
seeing their constitutional rights
denied and are getting on the advancing 
tide of freedom.
"These students were not a mob,
not a mass, but interested, lawabiding 
citizens who felt it their
right as a citizen of Memphis to
use the public library. There was
no indication of possible violence,
and if the police had not been called 
there would be no issue before
the court today," Atty. Hooks continued. 

"Before Memphis State was peacefully 
integrated, it was said that
blood would run in the streets, but
there was no violence, and there
would have been no incident in
this case if the students would
have been granted their rights under 
the 14th Amendment, and the
state cannot lend its sanction to
any segregation law under the 14th
Amendment.
"We are a nation of laws, and
not of men. For hundreds of years,
we have obeyed laws which we did
not like, we have seen our rights
abused. But the white man is apparently 
not willing or has not
shown willingness to obey laws
which he thinks are unfavorable.
"It is a matter of fact that the
Vance Avenue branch library is
poorly stocked, inadequate. Negroes
pay taxes, and the libraries should
be for the benefit of all, but for
200 years we have been given the
crumbs of the democracy, we've
been patient, but how patient, how
much longer do you think we
should wait?"
Boushe: "I admit, you've done
pretty good."
Sugarmon said it would be an
injustice for the court to fine the
students. Judge Boushe denied this
motion.
Next to testify were two of the
Students involved, Miss Gwendolyn
Townsend, of LeMoyne College, and
Clyde Battles, of Owen. Miss Townsend 
testified that she and the
group just met on the LeMoyne
campus and talked about term
papers. She said that many of them
could riot find the books they
wanted at the college libraries to
use as research for their papers,
and that they decided to go to the
main branch to get the books we
needed." Battle affirmed Miss
Townsend's statement.
Atty. Shea said that the students
"conspiracy" testimony indicated
that there had been a conspiracy,
that students of the two colleges
did not accidently meet, on a bus
and decide to go to the libraries on
the spur of the moment. Boushe
indicated that there might be an
element of prejury in the students'
testimony. Defense attorneys said
that they did not deny that the
students met and discussed the
issue.
Next to speak was defense Atty.
H. T. Lockard, who called for dismissal 
of the charges on the
grounds that they violate the

Fourteenth Amendment. Judge
Bousche interupted, "We're not going 
to have any more of this bringing 
in the 14th Amendment." "I
have been tolerant with civil rights,
segregation and integration being
brought into the thing, but that is
not the issue before this court."
Lockard asked: "Is Your Honor
to say that an attorney does not
have the right to state his position
before the court? "This has been
our position all day — the Supreme
Court's decisions, the Court's interpretation 
of the 14th Amendment." 

The Judge said: "The issue before 
this court is that of whether
the peace of this community has
been threatened by a mob which
attempted to take over the public
libraries" solely for the purpose of
using the courts as a sounding
board for public propaganda."
The defense attorneys did not
agree with Judge Boushe's statements, 
but asked for a recess to restate 
their position. The attorneys
came back and emphasized to the
Court that, as all the witnesses,
white and Negro, had testified, the
students were not disorderly, and
therefore, on these grounds alone,
all involved should be dismissed,
Shea, in summing up, repeated his
charge that the students had disturbed 
the peace by going to the
library and, therefore, were disorderly. 

Judge Boushe fined all the 19,
$20 on disorderly conduct charges.
He fined the 17 students who
entered the Front Street Branch
the same amount, after rejecting
a plea by the defense that the case
was diferent in that Negroes are
permitted to enter the building and
under Supreme Court decree, are
therefore eligible to use all of its
facilities.

"DONE PRETTY GOOD"

are not permitted to use the McLean 
branch. The defense brought
in that Mich denials have been
rendered unconstitutional by decisions 
of the United States Supreme
Court, and that the reason Mrs..
Karpinski called the police was
not because of the large group of
students — that had nothing to do
with it — but solely because the
"Students were Negroes:
It was at this point that judge
Boushe made an address to the
court.
"It's not within my province to
question integration, segregation or
civil rights, The issue before this
court is that we had a concerted effort 
by what: appeared to be a mob,
a mass converging on a place where
they had no business in the first
pace. This situation (segregation)
has been in existence more than
200 years, and is the law, The sole
question with which this court is
concerned is that of maintaining
the peace and dignity of the community. 
This sort of thing hints
strongly of mob rule by intimidation 
and smacks of gangsterism. It
was Ill-advised, Ill-timed and premature." 

Atty. Hooks said he did not understand 
what the Judge meant.
"What do you mean when you talk
of a mass, mobs going to take over
a place? These students went to
the library because they felt it
their constitutional right to do so,
based on decisions of the United
States Supreme Court which according 
to the Court's interpretation 
of the 14th Amendment gives
them the right to use any public
facility, and the judicial arm of
the state may not legally be used
to prevent them from using any
public facility."
In the exchange between Atty.
Hooks and Judge Boushe, Boushe
continued to repeat charges that
the students went out to the library 
to "start an Issue." that their
actions were "an open invitation
to violence and could have "set
off an electrified atmosphere which
could have started — anything."
He repealed again and again his
statement in regards to "mobs,
musses, intimidation and gangsterism." 
"These students had no business 
out there in the first place,"
Judge Boushe emphasized.
Defense Atty, J. A. Estes said
the point of whether the students
belonged out to the library or not
had been settled, and that Boushe
had earlier stated that the question
of civil rights, integration and segregation 
was not the question before 
the court but had himself
brought the issue in when he stated 
that the students had no right
to be in the library. "Could it be
that your Honor has already reach–
ed a decision as to the right of
the students to go to the public
library," Estes asked. Judge Boushe
said he does not pre-juage cases
"in any way."
Three other librarians called to
testify for the prosecution, Miss
Louise Cox, 1845 Peabody, Mrs. Sue
Waller, 2024 Nelson, and Mrs. Jack
Richmond, 575 East, all said they
were "upset" by the presence of
the Negro students. However, under
cross-examination from Atty. Sugar
mori, they, too, admitted that the
students were orderly and courteous, 
that they were not loud, or use
abusiv language, and that the
reason they had the students arrested 
was that they were Negroes.
Police Captain W. C. Lane, who
was in charfge of the arrests, said
the students were orderly when at
the library and "gave us no trouble
at any time." So-did Inspector H.
L. McAden, identification bureau
chief.
It was at this point that defense
Atty. S. A. Wilbun asked that all
charges be thrown out in view of
the fact that none of the witnesses
had said the students were disorderly. 
Judge Boushe dismissed

the charges of loitering, out refuse 
to dismiss the others. Wilbun
then stated the students were exercising 
their rights under the 14th
Amendment.
Boushe repeated that civil rights,
intergration and segregation was
net the issue, and that a case has
already been filed in Federal Court
concerning the library Issue. He
said the students action was unnecessary 
in view of this, and
pointed out that Negroes entered
Memphis State University through
proper channels, the court. He said
the Negroes should have waited
until a decision was reached in the
case.
"How much longer does Your Honor 
expect for us (Negroes) to wait
for what is rightfully ours?"
Hooks asked. "We have been patient, 
we have tried to work out
things with the white community, 
but the white community takes
the position that we are not going
to move. No amount of fines will
stop occurences such as this one.
We are living in a transitory age
when long-standing customs are
being abandoned, when men and
women of the Negro race are showing 
that they are sick and tried of
seeing their constitutional rights
denied and are getting on the advancing 
tide of freedom.
"These students were not a mob,
not a mass, but interested, lawabiding 
citizens who felt it their
right as a citizen of Memphis to
use the public library. There was
no indication of possible violence,
and if the police had not been called 
there would be no issue before
the court today," Atty. Hooks continued. 

"Before Memphis State was peacefully 
integrated, it was said that
blood would run in the streets, but
there was no violence, and there
would have been no incident in
this case if the students would
have been granted their rights under 
the 14th Amendment, and the
state cannot lend its sanction to
any segregation law under the 14th
Amendment.
"We are a nation of laws, and
not of men. For hundreds of years,
we have obeyed laws which we did
not like, we have seen our rights
abused. But the white man is apparently 
not willing or has not
shown willingness to obey laws
which he thinks are unfavorable.
"It is a matter of fact that the
Vance Avenue branch library is
poorly stocked, inadequate. Negroes
pay taxes, and the libraries should
be for the benefit of all, but for
200 years we have been given the
crumbs of the democracy, we've
been patient, but how patient, how
much longer do you think we
should wait?"
Boushe: "I admit, you've done
pretty good."
Sugarmon said it would be an
injustice for the court to fine the
students. Judge Boushe denied this
motion.
Next to testify were two of the
Students involved, Miss Gwendolyn
Townsend, of LeMoyne College, and
Clyde Battles, of Owen. Miss Townsend 
testified that she and the
group just met on the LeMoyne
campus and talked about term
papers. She said that many of them
could riot find the books they
wanted at the college libraries to
use as research for their papers,
and that they decided to go to the
main branch to get the books we
needed." Battle affirmed Miss
Townsend's statement.
Atty. Shea said that the students
"conspiracy" testimony indicated
that there had been a conspiracy,
that students of the two colleges
did not accidently meet, on a bus
and decide to go to the libraries on
the spur of the moment. Boushe
indicated that there might be an
element of prejury in the students'
testimony. Defense attorneys said
that they did not deny that the
students met and discussed the
issue.
Next to speak was defense Atty.
H. T. Lockard, who called for dismissal 
of the charges on the
grounds that they violate the

Fourteenth Amendment. Judge
Bousche interupted, "We're not going 
to have any more of this bringing 
in the 14th Amendment." "I
have been tolerant with civil rights,
segregation and integration being
brought into the thing, but that is
not the issue before this court."
Lockard asked: "Is Your Honor
to say that an attorney does not
have the right to state his position
before the court? "This has been
our position all day — the Supreme
Court's decisions, the Court's interpretation 
of the 14th Amendment." 

The Judge said: "The issue before 
this court is that of whether
the peace of this community has
been threatened by a mob which
attempted to take over the public
libraries" solely for the purpose of
using the courts as a sounding
board for public propaganda."
The defense attorneys did not
agree with Judge Boushe's statements, 
but asked for a recess to restate 
their position. The attorneys
came back and emphasized to the
Court that, as all the witnesses,
white and Negro, had testified, the
students were not disorderly, and
therefore, on these grounds alone,
all involved should be dismissed,
Shea, in summing up, repeated his
charge that the students had disturbed 
the peace by going to the
library and, therefore, were disorderly. 

Judge Boushe fined all the 19,
$20 on disorderly conduct charges.
He fined the 17 students who
entered the Front Street Branch
the same amount, after rejecting
a plea by the defense that the case
was diferent in that Negroes are
permitted to enter the building and
under Supreme Court decree, are
therefore eligible to use all of its
facilities.

"SOUNDING BOARD"

are not permitted to use the McLean 
branch. The defense brought
in that Mich denials have been
rendered unconstitutional by decisions 
of the United States Supreme
Court, and that the reason Mrs..
Karpinski called the police was
not because of the large group of
students — that had nothing to do
with it — but solely because the
"Students were Negroes:
It was at this point that judge
Boushe made an address to the
court.
"It's not within my province to
question integration, segregation or
civil rights, The issue before this
court is that we had a concerted effort 
by what: appeared to be a mob,
a mass converging on a place where
they had no business in the first
pace. This situation (segregation)
has been in existence more than
200 years, and is the law, The sole
question with which this court is
concerned is that of maintaining
the peace and dignity of the community. 
This sort of thing hints
strongly of mob rule by intimidation 
and smacks of gangsterism. It
was Ill-advised, Ill-timed and premature." 

Atty. Hooks said he did not understand 
what the Judge meant.
"What do you mean when you talk
of a mass, mobs going to take over
a place? These students went to
the library because they felt it
their constitutional right to do so,
based on decisions of the United
States Supreme Court which according 
to the Court's interpretation 
of the 14th Amendment gives
them the right to use any public
facility, and the judicial arm of
the state may not legally be used
to prevent them from using any
public facility."
In the exchange between Atty.
Hooks and Judge Boushe, Boushe
continued to repeat charges that
the students went out to the library 
to "start an Issue." that their
actions were "an open invitation
to violence and could have "set
off an electrified atmosphere which
could have started — anything."
He repealed again and again his
statement in regards to "mobs,
musses, intimidation and gangsterism." 
"These students had no business 
out there in the first place,"
Judge Boushe emphasized.
Defense Atty, J. A. Estes said
the point of whether the students
belonged out to the library or not
had been settled, and that Boushe
had earlier stated that the question
of civil rights, integration and segregation 
was not the question before 
the court but had himself
brought the issue in when he stated 
that the students had no right
to be in the library. "Could it be
that your Honor has already reach–
ed a decision as to the right of
the students to go to the public
library," Estes asked. Judge Boushe
said he does not pre-juage cases
"in any way."
Three other librarians called to
testify for the prosecution, Miss
Louise Cox, 1845 Peabody, Mrs. Sue
Waller, 2024 Nelson, and Mrs. Jack
Richmond, 575 East, all said they
were "upset" by the presence of
the Negro students. However, under
cross-examination from Atty. Sugar
mori, they, too, admitted that the
students were orderly and courteous, 
that they were not loud, or use
abusiv language, and that the
reason they had the students arrested 
was that they were Negroes.
Police Captain W. C. Lane, who
was in charfge of the arrests, said
the students were orderly when at
the library and "gave us no trouble
at any time." So-did Inspector H.
L. McAden, identification bureau
chief.
It was at this point that defense
Atty. S. A. Wilbun asked that all
charges be thrown out in view of
the fact that none of the witnesses
had said the students were disorderly. 
Judge Boushe dismissed

the charges of loitering, out refuse 
to dismiss the others. Wilbun
then stated the students were exercising 
their rights under the 14th
Amendment.
Boushe repeated that civil rights,
intergration and segregation was
net the issue, and that a case has
already been filed in Federal Court
concerning the library Issue. He
said the students action was unnecessary 
in view of this, and
pointed out that Negroes entered
Memphis State University through
proper channels, the court. He said
the Negroes should have waited
until a decision was reached in the
case.
"How much longer does Your Honor 
expect for us (Negroes) to wait
for what is rightfully ours?"
Hooks asked. "We have been patient, 
we have tried to work out
things with the white community, 
but the white community takes
the position that we are not going
to move. No amount of fines will
stop occurences such as this one.
We are living in a transitory age
when long-standing customs are
being abandoned, when men and
women of the Negro race are showing 
that they are sick and tried of
seeing their constitutional rights
denied and are getting on the advancing 
tide of freedom.
"These students were not a mob,
not a mass, but interested, lawabiding 
citizens who felt it their
right as a citizen of Memphis to
use the public library. There was
no indication of possible violence,
and if the police had not been called 
there would be no issue before
the court today," Atty. Hooks continued. 

"Before Memphis State was peacefully 
integrated, it was said that
blood would run in the streets, but
there was no violence, and there
would have been no incident in
this case if the students would
have been granted their rights under 
the 14th Amendment, and the
state cannot lend its sanction to
any segregation law under the 14th
Amendment.
"We are a nation of laws, and
not of men. For hundreds of years,
we have obeyed laws which we did
not like, we have seen our rights
abused. But the white man is apparently 
not willing or has not
shown willingness to obey laws
which he thinks are unfavorable.
"It is a matter of fact that the
Vance Avenue branch library is
poorly stocked, inadequate. Negroes
pay taxes, and the libraries should
be for the benefit of all, but for
200 years we have been given the
crumbs of the democracy, we've
been patient, but how patient, how
much longer do you think we
should wait?"
Boushe: "I admit, you've done
pretty good."
Sugarmon said it would be an
injustice for the court to fine the
students. Judge Boushe denied this
motion.
Next to testify were two of the
Students involved, Miss Gwendolyn
Townsend, of LeMoyne College, and
Clyde Battles, of Owen. Miss Townsend 
testified that she and the
group just met on the LeMoyne
campus and talked about term
papers. She said that many of them
could riot find the books they
wanted at the college libraries to
use as research for their papers,
and that they decided to go to the
main branch to get the books we
needed." Battle affirmed Miss
Townsend's statement.
Atty. Shea said that the students
"conspiracy" testimony indicated
that there had been a conspiracy,
that students of the two colleges
did not accidently meet, on a bus
and decide to go to the libraries on
the spur of the moment. Boushe
indicated that there might be an
element of prejury in the students'
testimony. Defense attorneys said
that they did not deny that the
students met and discussed the
issue.
Next to speak was defense Atty.
H. T. Lockard, who called for dismissal 
of the charges on the
grounds that they violate the

Fourteenth Amendment. Judge
Bousche interupted, "We're not going 
to have any more of this bringing 
in the 14th Amendment." "I
have been tolerant with civil rights,
segregation and integration being
brought into the thing, but that is
not the issue before this court."
Lockard asked: "Is Your Honor
to say that an attorney does not
have the right to state his position
before the court? "This has been
our position all day — the Supreme
Court's decisions, the Court's interpretation 
of the 14th Amendment." 

The Judge said: "The issue before 
this court is that of whether
the peace of this community has
been threatened by a mob which
attempted to take over the public
libraries" solely for the purpose of
using the courts as a sounding
board for public propaganda."
The defense attorneys did not
agree with Judge Boushe's statements, 
but asked for a recess to restate 
their position. The attorneys
came back and emphasized to the
Court that, as all the witnesses,
white and Negro, had testified, the
students were not disorderly, and
therefore, on these grounds alone,
all involved should be dismissed,
Shea, in summing up, repeated his
charge that the students had disturbed 
the peace by going to the
library and, therefore, were disorderly. 

Judge Boushe fined all the 19,
$20 on disorderly conduct charges.
He fined the 17 students who
entered the Front Street Branch
the same amount, after rejecting
a plea by the defense that the case
was diferent in that Negroes are
permitted to enter the building and
under Supreme Court decree, are
therefore eligible to use all of its
facilities.

FOR SALE



THE LAND IS BRIGHT
BY JIM KJELGAARD
Copyright © 1958 by Jim Kjelgaard Reprinted by permission
of the publisher, Dodd, Mead & Co., Inc. Distributed by K. F. S.
WHEN the are was blazing
and they were sealed before
it, Colin Campbell said, "Ann, I
want to buy this house and move
into it as soon as it can he made
ready."
"But Jeannie—"
"Jeannie and I are not going
to be married. I would live here
alone. Zack and Nell, whom I
employ, will take wonderful care
of me."
"I'm terribly sorry, Colin."
"Sorry!" For one very bad
moment he thought she was terribly 
sorry that she couldn't sell
him the house. Then he realized
she was referring to his broken
engagement. He smiled. "I should
pull a long face, I Know. But
you can't imagine how wondevful 
it feels not to be engaged to
a girl you don't love."
"I think I can." Ann Stewart
looked into the fire for a moment
and then said, "You can buy the
house, Colin. We'll arrange the
details later but, before, we do,
I would like to Loll you why I
am here today and every Christmas 
day. No, I guess I'll have
to go further hack. Can you bear
to hear the story at my life?"
"I have been anxious to hear
it since I first came to Hobbs
Creek."
"My father had this house built
when my brother and I were
small children. He was tired of
the family business in Baltimore
and wanted to lead a more quiet
life, with time to study and write.
He and my mother loved the
mountains—anyway, We came
here.
"We were wonderfully happy.
My brother and I hated going
away to school and longed for the
Christmas holiday even before the
school year began, It was during
my second year at school, when I
was fifteen—" Ann's voice quavered 
and broke off. She paused,
not to collect her thoughts this
time, but to got her emotions under 
control.
"On Christmas day, when I was
fifteen and my brother seventeen,
some Cherokees came raiding
while we were still asleep in bed.
My brother was inexperienced
and reckless. He made an easy
target from behind a window and
soon he was wounded in the chest.
He died within a few minutes but
not before my mother, in tending 
him, had been killed outright.
My father held off the Cherokees
singlenanded for thirty minutes
before one of the servants sneaked
away from the quarters out back
and brought help from Hobbs
Creek."
"Why didn't the servants come
to help you themselves?" His
own voice sounded muffled to
him. His tongue wag thick with
rage and horror.
"They were unarmed. It would

have been suicide for them to try
to approach the house."
"Did you see the whole thing?"
"Blessedly, no. My father ordered 
a housemaid to keep me
out of gun range. And sometimes 
when I pass this house now,
I hear the Cherokees yelling and
see my mother and brother lying
dead in their bloody nightclothes,
and again I live everything I
lived that Christmas day. Other
times it's as though that day had
never happened, as though they're
still here. Can you understand
that?"
"Yes, I can, Ann."
"Yes, I can read it in your eyes.
Why does no one else ever
know?"
"Because few love as deeply as
you. Do you want to tell me
what happened after that, Ann?"
"Yes," she answered calmly. "It
was a black time, a lost time,
Overnight, it seemed, my father's
mind deserted him. He turned
from a vigorous, youthful and
highly intelligent person into a
wordless, helpless old man. He
had loved his books, his family
and his home. He cared little for
anything else. He had always received 
a generous income from the
family business and left the management 
of it in my uncle's
hands. I sent a letter to Uncle
Nat, telling him of the raid. He
came at once and—"
"Go on," Colin urged. Unnoticing, 
he had put his hand on hers
in an unconscious gesture of sustenance. 

"Father did not even recognize
him. He wanted me to leave with
him at once, but I wouldn't leave
Father. He promised to send for
both of us—but he never did. No
more money came from Baltimore. 
We had to let the servants
go; we couldn't feed them, let
alone pay them. Father and I
would have starved if it hadn't
been for Ling. He watched over
us, did everything for us that we
couldn't do for ourselves, He was
wonderful,"
"I know," and now Colin knew
also why Ann had married Ling.
"When I was eighteen. Ling
and I were married. Of course, I
had told him I could never leave
Father. He knew that. Father
had been growing worse staying
in this house—too many memories 
for him—and Ling wouldn't
have stayed here, anyway. So
for seven years now this house
has been empty. I am glad it will
be lived in again." She smiled at
him. "I hope you will be happy
here if you still want to buy the
house after what I have told you
today."
"From the moment I saw this
house. I've wanted to live here.
I felt I knew the man who had
built it—I knew what kind of life
he wanted to load here. The
house is haunted for me only by

the happy family that once lived
here, and they will be pleasant
company."
Ann smiled. "Thank you, Colin,
We were pleasant company, I
think."
"Ann, before we talk about the
house further, I want to appoint
myself your lawyer. Now that
you've attained your majority and
might press a case in court, nave
you given any thought to collecting 
your, father's Share of the
family business?"
"Yes, but Ling doesn't believe
in courts. His going to Denbury
court was a gesture of defiance,
not compliance. If he thought
we needed any of Uncle Nat's
money, he'd go find him in Baltimore 
and take it by force."
"Direct and to the point," Colin
murmured, "but hardly practical,
If you would like to start legal
proceedings, I'd be glad to do it
for you."
"I' d rather you didn't, Colin. I
shouldn't care to do anything unless 
Ling approved."
"I understand. Now will you
grant me a favor?"
"Of course."
"Come to this house and visit
with your mother and brother
whenever you want."
"Thank you very much, Colin."
It was an evasion, and he wondered 
why.
"Your favor, Ann?"
"Yes—yes—I will come whenever 
I want," she said in some
confusion. "Shall we go now to
Ling and the children? Ling will
be so excited to hear you are buying 
the house and the children
will be wild about the puppy.
Ling Will talk to you about the
sale. I know nothing about it,
not that he knows very much
more."
"Let me retain a lawyer for you
in Wetherly. That would be best,"
"If Ling agrees, fine. You're
the first townsman he ever took
to, you know. I'm sure he'll accept 
any suggestion you make."
They put out the fire and while
Colin roused the puppy, which
had fallen asleep in a sheeted
armchair, Ann took a last look
around the room in the light of
the lantern she held. This was a
farewell, in a way. The house
would be Colin's from now on.
She watched him as he bent over
the puppy. And suddenly she
knew Why she had felt she knew
him from the first A stab of
pain went through her at the
knowledge, so sharp she almost
cried out. She loved him! Her
earlier recognition had been, not
of an old acquaintance, but of her
heart's secret desire.

© 1958 by Jim Kjelgaard. Reprint granted by publisher. Dodd. Mead & Co., Inc. Dist. by King Features Syndicate.

CHAPTER 14
BY JIM KJELGAARD
Copyright © 1958 by Jim Kjelgaard Reprinted by permission
of the publisher, Dodd, Mead & Co., Inc. Distributed by K. F. S.
WHEN the are was blazing
and they were sealed before
it, Colin Campbell said, "Ann, I
want to buy this house and move
into it as soon as it can he made
ready."
"But Jeannie—"
"Jeannie and I are not going
to be married. I would live here
alone. Zack and Nell, whom I
employ, will take wonderful care
of me."
"I'm terribly sorry, Colin."
"Sorry!" For one very bad
moment he thought she was terribly 
sorry that she couldn't sell
him the house. Then he realized
she was referring to his broken
engagement. He smiled. "I should
pull a long face, I Know. But
you can't imagine how wondevful 
it feels not to be engaged to
a girl you don't love."
"I think I can." Ann Stewart
looked into the fire for a moment
and then said, "You can buy the
house, Colin. We'll arrange the
details later but, before, we do,
I would like to Loll you why I
am here today and every Christmas 
day. No, I guess I'll have
to go further hack. Can you bear
to hear the story at my life?"
"I have been anxious to hear
it since I first came to Hobbs
Creek."
"My father had this house built
when my brother and I were
small children. He was tired of
the family business in Baltimore
and wanted to lead a more quiet
life, with time to study and write.
He and my mother loved the
mountains—anyway, We came
here.
"We were wonderfully happy.
My brother and I hated going
away to school and longed for the
Christmas holiday even before the
school year began, It was during
my second year at school, when I
was fifteen—" Ann's voice quavered 
and broke off. She paused,
not to collect her thoughts this
time, but to got her emotions under 
control.
"On Christmas day, when I was
fifteen and my brother seventeen,
some Cherokees came raiding
while we were still asleep in bed.
My brother was inexperienced
and reckless. He made an easy
target from behind a window and
soon he was wounded in the chest.
He died within a few minutes but
not before my mother, in tending 
him, had been killed outright.
My father held off the Cherokees
singlenanded for thirty minutes
before one of the servants sneaked
away from the quarters out back
and brought help from Hobbs
Creek."
"Why didn't the servants come
to help you themselves?" His
own voice sounded muffled to
him. His tongue wag thick with
rage and horror.
"They were unarmed. It would

have been suicide for them to try
to approach the house."
"Did you see the whole thing?"
"Blessedly, no. My father ordered 
a housemaid to keep me
out of gun range. And sometimes 
when I pass this house now,
I hear the Cherokees yelling and
see my mother and brother lying
dead in their bloody nightclothes,
and again I live everything I
lived that Christmas day. Other
times it's as though that day had
never happened, as though they're
still here. Can you understand
that?"
"Yes, I can, Ann."
"Yes, I can read it in your eyes.
Why does no one else ever
know?"
"Because few love as deeply as
you. Do you want to tell me
what happened after that, Ann?"
"Yes," she answered calmly. "It
was a black time, a lost time,
Overnight, it seemed, my father's
mind deserted him. He turned
from a vigorous, youthful and
highly intelligent person into a
wordless, helpless old man. He
had loved his books, his family
and his home. He cared little for
anything else. He had always received 
a generous income from the
family business and left the management 
of it in my uncle's
hands. I sent a letter to Uncle
Nat, telling him of the raid. He
came at once and—"
"Go on," Colin urged. Unnoticing, 
he had put his hand on hers
in an unconscious gesture of sustenance. 

"Father did not even recognize
him. He wanted me to leave with
him at once, but I wouldn't leave
Father. He promised to send for
both of us—but he never did. No
more money came from Baltimore. 
We had to let the servants
go; we couldn't feed them, let
alone pay them. Father and I
would have starved if it hadn't
been for Ling. He watched over
us, did everything for us that we
couldn't do for ourselves, He was
wonderful,"
"I know," and now Colin knew
also why Ann had married Ling.
"When I was eighteen. Ling
and I were married. Of course, I
had told him I could never leave
Father. He knew that. Father
had been growing worse staying
in this house—too many memories 
for him—and Ling wouldn't
have stayed here, anyway. So
for seven years now this house
has been empty. I am glad it will
be lived in again." She smiled at
him. "I hope you will be happy
here if you still want to buy the
house after what I have told you
today."
"From the moment I saw this
house. I've wanted to live here.
I felt I knew the man who had
built it—I knew what kind of life
he wanted to load here. The
house is haunted for me only by

the happy family that once lived
here, and they will be pleasant
company."
Ann smiled. "Thank you, Colin,
We were pleasant company, I
think."
"Ann, before we talk about the
house further, I want to appoint
myself your lawyer. Now that
you've attained your majority and
might press a case in court, nave
you given any thought to collecting 
your, father's Share of the
family business?"
"Yes, but Ling doesn't believe
in courts. His going to Denbury
court was a gesture of defiance,
not compliance. If he thought
we needed any of Uncle Nat's
money, he'd go find him in Baltimore 
and take it by force."
"Direct and to the point," Colin
murmured, "but hardly practical,
If you would like to start legal
proceedings, I'd be glad to do it
for you."
"I' d rather you didn't, Colin. I
shouldn't care to do anything unless 
Ling approved."
"I understand. Now will you
grant me a favor?"
"Of course."
"Come to this house and visit
with your mother and brother
whenever you want."
"Thank you very much, Colin."
It was an evasion, and he wondered 
why.
"Your favor, Ann?"
"Yes—yes—I will come whenever 
I want," she said in some
confusion. "Shall we go now to
Ling and the children? Ling will
be so excited to hear you are buying 
the house and the children
will be wild about the puppy.
Ling Will talk to you about the
sale. I know nothing about it,
not that he knows very much
more."
"Let me retain a lawyer for you
in Wetherly. That would be best,"
"If Ling agrees, fine. You're
the first townsman he ever took
to, you know. I'm sure he'll accept 
any suggestion you make."
They put out the fire and while
Colin roused the puppy, which
had fallen asleep in a sheeted
armchair, Ann took a last look
around the room in the light of
the lantern she held. This was a
farewell, in a way. The house
would be Colin's from now on.
She watched him as he bent over
the puppy. And suddenly she
knew Why she had felt she knew
him from the first A stab of
pain went through her at the
knowledge, so sharp she almost
cried out. She loved him! Her
earlier recognition had been, not
of an old acquaintance, but of her
heart's secret desire.

© 1958 by Jim Kjelgaard. Reprint granted by publisher. Dodd. Mead & Co., Inc. Dist. by King Features Syndicate.


The NAACP this
week mourns the death of Judge
Carl R. Johnson of Kansas City,
Mo., a member of its National
Board since 1956. He was 66.
Judge Johnson died of an apparent 
heart attack in his law offices
on the evening of March 16 sometime 
between 6 and 8 p. m. He
was alone at the time.
In expressing the Association's
grief, Dr. Robert C. Weaver chairman 
of the Board, said, "Judge
Johnson gave skilled and dedicated 
service to the cams of human
justice through his work with the
NAACP locally and on the national 
level.
He rendered invaluable service in
the conduct of the affairs of the
Association through his counsel at
numerous annual convention? and
in deliberations of the Board of Di
rectors," 
Dr. Weaver continued in
his wire to Mrs. Johnson.
Judge Johnson was a "distinguished 
citizen of his home community 
and will be missed by all
Americans who revered the ideals
of our nation."
He was reelected to the Kansas
City Municipal Court last year and
ran third highest on his party's
ticket.
Judge Johnson was elected to the
Association's National Board in
January, 1950, after years of service 
in the Kansas-City branch,
for many years as president.
An NAACP life member, Judge
Johnson was graduated from Walker 
Baptist Institute, Augusta, Ga.,
Oberlin Business College, Oberlin,
Ohio and Howard University Law
School, Washington, D. C.
He received a master's in law
from Boston University. Judge Johnson 
served as national president
of Kappa Alpha Psi from 1941-43.
He married the former Carrie Baber 
Young of Zanesville, Ohio. The
couple resided at 2117 Montgall Ave.
Kansas City, Mo.

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Montgomery Gets

strations at downtown stores The
stores closed the counters and some
removed seats from the coulter
stools.
Savannah, Ga.; Negroes launched 
a boycott of Savannah's largest 
department store, posting pickets 
at the entrances, urging Negroes 
to shop elsewhere. The boycott 
was partially effective.
—Columbia, S. C: Six Negroes
attending the annual spring rally
of the South Carolina American
Legion, requested service at an
all while hotel cafeteria and were
refused.
In Montgomery, Ala., six Negroes 
identified as students from Alabama 
State College Negro applied
for admission to the Montgomery
center of the University of Alabama. 
The applications were received 
by center Director W. W.
Kempfer and were processed indivdually 
as the center, an extension 
of the University at Tuscalcosa, 
Ala., began registering students, 
for the spring quarter.
Nine Alabama State students
were expelled three weeks ago for
participating in an anti-segregation
lunch counter sitdown demonstration 
at the Montgomery County
courthouse.
Alabama State's campus has been
the scene of several recent racial
demonstrations and Alabama Gov.
John Patterson has ordered a full
investigation of the school to determine 
whether it should be closed.

African Strife

feared. Armored cars and riot
trucks were, patrolling in Langa;
armed police supported by armored
cars were patrolling outside Langa
while the natives remained indoors, 
peeking fearfully through
the windows.
The situation was tense in near,
by areas where outbreaks occurred
Monday and was becoming more
so as natives began passive resistance. 
So many were staying home
and refusing to work that industries 
were slowly being crippled.
The Pan African Congress, whose

31,000 members backed the antipass 
demonstrate, announced it
had decided on a new form of protest 
to prevent further bloodshed.
Previously Africans showed up by
the hundreds at police stations to
be arrested for not having passes,
Now the Congress is sending them
in groups of 5 to 10.
The Pan African leaders said
they were still determined to
maintain their stay at-home
strike until authorities agree to
abolish passes, but because so
many natives depend on their dally 
wages this phase could peter
out by the end of the week.

CRIPPLES INDUSTRY

feared. Armored cars and riot
trucks were, patrolling in Langa;
armed police supported by armored
cars were patrolling outside Langa
while the natives remained indoors, 
peeking fearfully through
the windows.
The situation was tense in near,
by areas where outbreaks occurred
Monday and was becoming more
so as natives began passive resistance. 
So many were staying home
and refusing to work that industries 
were slowly being crippled.
The Pan African Congress, whose

31,000 members backed the antipass 
demonstrate, announced it
had decided on a new form of protest 
to prevent further bloodshed.
Previously Africans showed up by
the hundreds at police stations to
be arrested for not having passes,
Now the Congress is sending them
in groups of 5 to 10.
The Pan African leaders said
they were still determined to
maintain their stay at-home
strike until authorities agree to
abolish passes, but because so
many natives depend on their dally 
wages this phase could peter
out by the end of the week.

ESSO SERVICE STATON


Competing To Be
"Miss Rhomania"
One of the charming yound ladies 
who will be seeking the coveted
title of "Miss Rhomania," when the
Booker T. Washington String Orchestra 
of Atlanta, Ga., appears her
on April 8, will be Teressa Robin,
son.
Miss Robinson is a sutdent at
Booker Washington in Memphis
where she is a member of the St.
Cecelia Glee Club, the National
Honor Society and the Teen Town
Singers.
She attends Mt. Sinia Baptist
Church where she is an ardent
worker in the Sunday School and
a member of the junior choir. She
is a charter member of the Rhoettes, 
an affiliate of the Sigma "Teen
Town Program. Her hobbies are
music, sewing and dancing. Her
parents are Mr. and "Mrs. Roger
Robinson, Sr., of 1627 Carnegie,
Miss Robinson would appreciate all
of her friends supporting her in
her efforts to be crowned "Miss
Rhomania." She is being sponsored
by Mrs. Eldora Amos, a member of
Sigma Gamma Rho Sorority, and
a popular Math teacher at Manassas 
High School.

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Winner of 12 out of 14 Rose
Bowl contests during its tie-lip with
the now-defunct Pacific Coast Conference, 
the Big Ten voted on Mar.
4 to halt all further post-season
gridiron activities.
"The Big Five will select the opponents 
acting as a conference,"
President Frank Kidner said at a
press conference.
"We probably would not consider 
an institution which compromised 
its academic standing for what
would amount to a professional
football team."


"Our association certainly is in
accord with the Big Five," Althouse
said. "There had been a great feeling 
in the Los AAngeles area for
free-lance selection during the big
Ten agreement although we were
very happy to be tied up with that
conference."


Make 145 Awards
The
National Science Foundation Thursday 
awarded 145 postdoctoral fellowships, 
totaling approximately

$800,000, for advanced, study and
research in the sciences, mathematics 
and engineering. Fellows
were selected at toe basis of ability.

Grambling Cagers
In Denver For
Olympic Trials
Two
Grambling college cagers, who catapulted 
into stardom in spectacular 
fashion, flew to Denver early
Tuesday to join the NAIA AllStar 
team for the Olympic Basketball 
trials March 30 - April 2.
Rex Tippitt and Charles Hardnett 
left the Shreveport airport
at 7 a. m.
They arrived in Denver at 10 a.
m. where they reported to Coaches
Milton Jowers, Southwest Texas
State, and Bob Davis, Georgetown 
(Ky) College, who are handling 
the 14-man all-star unit.
Jim Sankovtz, sports publicity director 
for Colorado School of
Mines, Golden, said the NAIA team
will train there until Sunday.
Tippitt, who scores well from
outside, paced Grambling to 26
victories in 31 games with 579
points.
Hardnett shot 448 points for the
Tigers but missed eight games because 
of illness and injuries.

Sonny Liston Scores
2nd Round TKO Over
Cleveland Williams
Sonny Liston brightened his chances 
for a shot at the world heavyweight 
crown Monday night with
a savage attack that sent Cleveland
Williams to the floor twice before
Referee Ernie Taylor stopped the
fight after 2:13 of the second
round.
Liston, From Philadelphia,
weighed 212 1-2 for the closed circuit 
television bout watched by a
standing room only crowd of more
than 11,000 at Houston. Williams
weighed 215 1-2.
It was the 19th knockout for Liston, 
who has won 23 out of 29 and
is ranked the number two contender. 


INTEGRATED EDUCATION IN
CENTRAL AFRICA SOUGHT
A plea for an integrated 
system of education through
out the Central African Federation
—bringing African and European
children together in the same class
rooms and schools was made recently 
by Dr. C. A. Rogers, senior
lecturer in psychology at the University 
College of Rhodesia and
Nyasaland.