Memphis World Memphis World Publishing Co. 1953-01-02 James H. Purdy, Jr. MEMPHIS WORLD AMERICA'S STANDARD RACE JOURNAL The South's Oldest and Leading Colored Semi-Weekly Newspaper Published by MEMPHIS WORLD PUBLISHING CO. Every TUESDAY and FRIDAY at 164 BEALE — Phone 8 4030 Entered in the Post Office at Memphis, Tenn. as second-class mail under the Act of Congress, March 1, 1870 Member of SCOTT NEWSPAPER SYNDICATE W. A. Scott, II, Founder; C. A. Scott, General Manager JAMES H. PURDY, JR. Editor MRS. ROSA BROWN BRACEY Advertising Manager The MEMPHIS WORLD is an independent newspaper—non-sectarian and non-partisan, printing news unbiasedly and supporting those things it believes to the interest to its readers and opposing those things against the interest of its readers. SUBSCRIPTION RATES: Year $5.00 — 6 Months $3.00 — 3 Months $1.50 (In Advance) Good News From Tuskegee In its 1952 report to the nation on lynching and other forms of mob violence, Tuskegee Institute revealed that there were no lynchings reported during the year. This is the first time during its 70 years of making this annual report that no lynchings were recorded. Others forms of violence — bombing, killings by policemen, etc. — did not show such a marked decrease, In fact, during the past four years, there have been 68 cases of bombing or attempted bombing alone. Two-third of these bombings have victimized Negroes. Regardless of how one might quibble about the decrease of one particular type of violence and the increase of another, this change is definitely encouraging. It is encouraging primarily because it IS change — that implies a defeat of at lease one established pattern of lawlessness. As long, then, as the lynching pattern can be defeated; so can the patterns of bombing and police violence. Race violence is fighting a losing battle, despite its shifts in strategy and progress-delaying actions. The sentencing of Klansmen, their unmasking by state government decrees, FBL investigation of violence — all these have contributed to the decline of terrorism and brutality. What has been more basic to the elimination of these evils has, perhaps, been the greater voting participation of Negroes on bath the local and national levels. Neither sheriffs nor senators can now afford to maintain a "do-nothing" attitude toward racial evils existing within their precincts." Even more than international criticism, the politician fears policial suicide. Repeated testimony that race-prejudice in the United states was hampering our foreign relations had had little discernable effect upon our politicians. Yet, the knowledge that there are in any one particular Negro community some 20,000 new voters is enough to stir any politician to a change of attitude. With growing numbers of Negro votes insisting on the equal protection of the laws the yearly report on racial or religious violence should go out of existence altogether. New Year (From The Chattanooga Observer) Today we start on the New Year of 1953. The old year of 1952 has revealed to us all of its secrets. It officially closed its books at midnight last night. Millions of Americans and people throughout the world have made and are making new resolutions, and if we judge the future by the past, millions of the new resolutions will be short lived If would be a fine thing if the new resolutions makers have resolved to improve on their way of life and will religiously adhere to their new resolutions throughout 1953. In all probability it would prove a blessing not only on themselves but the communities in which they live. The year just closed revealed to us many starting things. Some were shocking, some were sensational, some were horrifying and some were glorifying. 1952 revealed many shocking and breathtaking plane crashes that tool the lives of thousands of our citizens. The most horrifying plane crash came just about the time the yuletide holidays were being ushered in. When the melancholy news spread across the nation and the world that a plane carrying hundreds of G.I.'s to their various homes to spend the holidays with loved ones had crashed and scores of G.I.'s had lost their lives. It was probably the worst plane crash in the history of the country and certainly the worst in 1952. 1952 revealed to us the secret of the landslide victory of General of the Army Dwight D. Eisenhower on November 4 for President of the United States, thereby crushing the dreams and the aspirations of the New and Fair Dealers who have held a firm grip on the Federal government for 20 long purgatorial years. 1952 revealed to us the elevation of many prominent and qualified Negroes to places of responsibility and respectability, The most recent and certainly one of the most outstanding was the appointment of Joseph D. Bibb as Commissioner of Safety by Republican Governor-elect Stratton of Illinois, and many others too numerous to mention. We have witnessed the gradual crumbling of the walls of prejudices throughout the country, in that, many of the outstanding institutions of learning that formerly prohibited Negroes to enter have opened their doors to them in many of the southern states. 1952 has revealed to us many medical societies admitting Negro doctors on par with other doctors into their organizations. 1952 revealed to us an increase in outstanding Negro athletes in the major baseball leagues and to-the credit of those Negroes and the race, they represent, they are doing a fine job in America's favorite pasttime of sport. In 1952 we witnessed the passing of some of America's foremost citizens and they have gone to try the realities of another world. Top educators, congressmen, U. S. Senators, diplomats and outstanding financiers, leading churchmen and just plain every-day-good citizens lights went out in 1952. 1952 told us in no unmistakable terms of the horrors of the Korean war. A war that the high priest of the Fair Deal refused to call a war. He referred to it as a mere international police act, but the American casualties in that Korean conflict are more than 125,000 people and that within itself reveals to us that President Truman was mistaken when he referred to it as a mere international police act. But with all of the things that happened that tried the very souls of men in 1952, there Were many bright spots. Chief among them was the election of a president of the United States who said during his campaign that he would go to Korea, if elected, to see what could be done to stop the bloodshed in the Far East. He kept his promise. Eisenhower went to Korea. He's back home armed with first hand information about the Korean situation. Let us hope that President-elect Eisenhower, who will assume the reign of office on January 20, 1953, may devise some method to stop the slaughter that is now in progress on the front lines of defense in Korea. Let us hope further that in the year of 1953 we Will see a complete destruction of the walls of prejudices throughout America and that people throughout the United States will religiously adhere to the directives that are to be found in the Constitution of the United States. Along The Colonial Front God help the world if Mr. Swart, minister of justice for Union of South Africa, ever induces Western nations to fol low his standards. "We are faced with a situation which we, as bearers of white civilization, can no longer tolerate," he said when announcing that his Government would ask for powers simi lar to those in Kenya. Africans in South Africa will not be permitted to hold meetings of more than 10 persons without permission, and they will be shot if they create disturbances. "In the event of riots police would be instructed to shoot to kill, not indiscriminately, but to aim at the leaders. Bystanders should get out of the way as it is their own fault if they get shot," said Swart. If Africans did not hold meetings in the mines and on farms belonging to whites the economy of South Africa would collapse, but the Swarts want Africans to work without having a voice in the councils of South Africa. In Kenya under the new emergency regulations Africans have been shot and killed, mounded, had their cattle confiscated, their homes Burnt and lost their jobs. They have also been banished to distant reserves. In South Africa the ban on meetings, published in a Government Gazette Extraordinary, provides heavy penalties and even If a newspaper or a non-agency reports a statement by a non-European calling for a general strike or for defiance of any law it will be an offence. What will happen when all Africans, including Afro-Americans, backed by all Asians, Arabs, Pacific Islanders and an ever-increasing number of Europeans, support South African non-Europeans does not, apparently, worry white South Africans. "But if United Nations demands that South Africa shall amend its colourphobic legislation what will happen? If U. N. does not take the action that a majority of mankind demands in regard to South Africa's racial discriminatory laws, 99 per cent of humanity, the majority of whom are themselves dark-skinned, will not allow the 2 1-2 million mixed whites of South Africa to degrade, oppress, suppress and exploit five times their number of dark-skinned fellow citizens of the same country simply and solely because of the difference in color even if they have to adopt the very same reprisals which Britain and South Africa are adopting. If it is evil for Mau Mau and nonEuropeans to use violence and terrorism, by the same reasoning it is evil for Britain and South Africa to use those methods. In Korea U. N. is using force to compel certain people to obey fiats. Would it not be equally just to use force to compel Britain and South Africa to obey fiats of U. N.? What will Britain and South Africa do if coloured races accept their methods of dispensing justice as "bearers of a white "civilization" and put them into practice to defend what they consider right? Democracy means that the voice of the majority prevails. Britons and Boers in Africa and in the Pacific and Indian Oceans' basins are in a minority. They are outnumbered many times: is that minority to dominate Or will the majority prevail? Upon the answer to that question, not the number of atom bombs, will peace depend. "BEARERS OF A WHITE CIVILIZATION" God help the world if Mr. Swart, minister of justice for Union of South Africa, ever induces Western nations to fol low his standards. "We are faced with a situation which we, as bearers of white civilization, can no longer tolerate," he said when announcing that his Government would ask for powers simi lar to those in Kenya. Africans in South Africa will not be permitted to hold meetings of more than 10 persons without permission, and they will be shot if they create disturbances. "In the event of riots police would be instructed to shoot to kill, not indiscriminately, but to aim at the leaders. Bystanders should get out of the way as it is their own fault if they get shot," said Swart. If Africans did not hold meetings in the mines and on farms belonging to whites the economy of South Africa would collapse, but the Swarts want Africans to work without having a voice in the councils of South Africa. In Kenya under the new emergency regulations Africans have been shot and killed, mounded, had their cattle confiscated, their homes Burnt and lost their jobs. They have also been banished to distant reserves. In South Africa the ban on meetings, published in a Government Gazette Extraordinary, provides heavy penalties and even If a newspaper or a non-agency reports a statement by a non-European calling for a general strike or for defiance of any law it will be an offence. What will happen when all Africans, including Afro-Americans, backed by all Asians, Arabs, Pacific Islanders and an ever-increasing number of Europeans, support South African non-Europeans does not, apparently, worry white South Africans. "But if United Nations demands that South Africa shall amend its colourphobic legislation what will happen? If U. N. does not take the action that a majority of mankind demands in regard to South Africa's racial discriminatory laws, 99 per cent of humanity, the majority of whom are themselves dark-skinned, will not allow the 2 1-2 million mixed whites of South Africa to degrade, oppress, suppress and exploit five times their number of dark-skinned fellow citizens of the same country simply and solely because of the difference in color even if they have to adopt the very same reprisals which Britain and South Africa are adopting. If it is evil for Mau Mau and nonEuropeans to use violence and terrorism, by the same reasoning it is evil for Britain and South Africa to use those methods. In Korea U. N. is using force to compel certain people to obey fiats. Would it not be equally just to use force to compel Britain and South Africa to obey fiats of U. N.? What will Britain and South Africa do if coloured races accept their methods of dispensing justice as "bearers of a white "civilization" and put them into practice to defend what they consider right? Democracy means that the voice of the majority prevails. Britons and Boers in Africa and in the Pacific and Indian Oceans' basins are in a minority. They are outnumbered many times: is that minority to dominate Or will the majority prevail? Upon the answer to that question, not the number of atom bombs, will peace depend. Letters To The Editor Mr. James H. Purdy, Jr. Editor of Memphis World 164 Beale Avenue Memphis, Tennessee. Dear Editor: On this New Year's Day when our minds say that the road ahead is dark, I send you this gift of courage which might give you strength to press steadily on to freedom for all I give you the courage that sustained Washington at Valley Forge that sent John Brown ginging to the gallows; that gave Lincoin a speech at Gettysburgh which was the proudest story of time; that made Lee the noblest soldier who ever met defeat I give you the courage of A. F. Herndon who stepped from slavery to a laughing star and J. Finley Wilson who defied an unkind fate in a hospitalof pain. This is our heritage Men of Courage Marvelous in their Greatness Now with every earnest wish for your health, and continued success in the new year, I am, Sincerely, George W. Lee. James H. Purdy, Jr. Editor: Memphis World 164 Beale Avenue Memphis, Tennessee Editor- To curb moral delinquency and help the moral re-armament program let the public know there are churches they may join and be baptized any day. This is too important. to be relegated to one day a week. Joining a church is a personal matter between the person and God, it does not have to be a public affair Many people are self-conscious about doing things in public and do not join. William R. Sullivan Powell Attacks medy the situation. The New York Congressman said he will ask that Puerto Rico be allowed to barter its surplus sugar on the world's markets. If the Democratic administration does not act to aid Puerto Rico, he added, he intends to take the issue to the incoming Republican administration. Powell explained that in 1948 the American Congress passed the Sugar Act which gave Secretary of Agriculture Charles Brannan discretionary powers to take any sugar deficit in the United States and apply it to Puerto Rico. Powell claimed that each year since 1948 Brannan has used his discretionary powers against Puerto Rico. The "deficit," he said, has largely been in Hawaii which has been getting away from sugar production. He declared: "Brannan has taken the deficit of Hawaii (100.000 to 125,000 tons) and given it to Cuba. This is a violation of the intent of Congress;" The Congressman said the 125,000 ton deficit of Hawaii, if given to Puerto Rico, would enable every sugar cane worker to have one more month of employment. Congressman Powell said that in the past four years (1948 through 1951) the Department of Agriculture has allowed Cuba to sell 2,766, 503 tons of sugar more than Cuba's quota. Powell disclosed he plans to file a report at once with the chairman of the "House Education and Labor Committee which assigned him to make the investigative trip to Puerto Rico. He said he will also ask the Secretary of Agriculture to set quotas for next year that will give Puerto Rico the 10 per cent "deficit" of Hawaii so that Puerto Rico can increase its production to the maximum. FRANKFURT, GERMANY, NOV. 1952— "That doesn't look too difficult," says Pvt. E-2 Charles L. McDonald (center) of 7214 Victor Street, Houston, Texas, as an American Red Cross Gray Lady shows how to weave a rug. Sfc. Clarence F. Moore (right), of 121 Cherry Street, Mount Union, Pennsylvania, watches the skill being displayed by Gray Lady Mrs. Bessie L. Poindexter, of Baltimore, Md., one of the 387 volunteers serving hospitalized American servicemen in Europe. Mrs. Poindexter is the wife of Sfc. James Robert Poindexter, who is assigned to the 97th General Hospital. by ELSIE MACK Copyright 1962, by Elsie Mack. Distributed by King Features Syndicate. SHE WANTED to Keep him beside her but he had already turned away to examine the chart with the nurse, and Eve hadn't yet the strength to rinse her voice to call him back. Tomorrow she would be stronger. And the day after that, stronger still. She was going to get well quickly. The constitution of a dandelion, she'd told Jeremy once. "Penicillin is wonderful," she said to the nurse who approached her with a needle. "Isn't it?" "Yes, Mrs. Ireland." Eve had learned not to flinch, to hold herself aloot from the brief, quick stab. From the other pain, the one that began sharply the minute recognition came of her love for Jeremy, she had not yet found immunity. She thought, He hates me. How can I tell him I love him? How can I make him believe me, after everything? There was a Way. She could be honest with Jeremy. About the past, everything. Even her reason for marrying him. No dissembling. She'd been almost honest, once, with Steve Raymond. It had worked, and he had married her. But this was different It wouldn't be easy, throwing herself on Jeremy's mercy, asking for a second chance. But Jeremy was kind. He had loved her. He would again. He would forgive her. But she would have to start with honesty, He'd hated all her lies. She asked the nurse, "Do I look a hag?" "You look fine, Mrs. Ireland." Naturally, she'd, say, that, Eve thought. Nurses, and their professional brightness! "Bring me a mirror," she ordered. She looked at herself. "Mmmm." She grimaced. "Is that what you call tine?" "A few more days, you'll perk up." So she waited until a faint color came back into her cheeks, until her fingers were steady enough to hold the lipstick and tie a ribbon in her hair. Then, propped against pillows, looking beautiful and feeling more scared than ever before in her life, she said to Jeremy, "Must you rush off? Can't we talk today? There are things I want to say to you, Jeremy. Please." He glanced at his wristwatch, pulled over a chair. "Smoke," she said, "if you like. It's going to take a little time for all I have" to say." He looked dubious, "Can't it wait?" "No. Jeremy." She saw his frown when she told him she'd have to go a long way back. Back to the time when she was a child, before she'd known his father and mother. "Eve, this, wait." "Please." "All right." She said a surprising thing. "Jeremy, do you believe children are decent to start with?" She didn't wait for his reply. "They're not. They have to be taught decency. They have to be shown the difference between bad and good. My parents hadn't time for me. They were more interested in horses. They raised thoroughbreds, and followed the horses, season in, season out, all over the country. I "dn't read Hans Christian Anderson. I read the Racing Form." She shrugged. "By the time people—not my parents— started teaching me that lies were wrong, and stealing wicked, it was too late. Who was it said, Give me a child from birth to seven years, and I'll show you the man or woman he will become?... The formative years. I found out that I could get the things I wanted by taking them, If I were smart. And that I could lie my way out of anything. Your mother was the first person who tried to change me. Perhaps, if she hadn't cast, me off—" She shrugged again, not flippantly. "I hated her for sending me back to the Shelter, Jeremy. I told her I'd get even, that I'd pay her back for not giving me another chance..." The hatred and the frustration had remained with her all the time she had been at the Shelter. She was the institution's Bad Girl. She refused to make friends with the other children; she broke all the rules, snapped her fingers at authority. She was desperately lonely and unhappy, but too proud to acknowledge either. She had stayed at the Shelter until she instigated, a hunger strike against the skimpy and horribly monotonous meals. After that, she was sent away to Reform School. She still hated the Irelands. They were responsible for everything that had happened to her. They'd deprived her of all the things she might nave had—a home, pretty clothes, friends. had sent her to this—bars at the windows, cotton bags of dresses, supervision, rules, drabness. But she had to find a way. Her hatred could not touch the Irelands unless she found the means of getting, back into their lives. Even that would be futile, unless she could meet them on an equal social and financial footing. Two things she must have. An education, and money. At the Reform School, she read everything she could lay her hands on, Shakespeare filched from the bookshelf in the Matron's sitting room, tabloids, salvaged from the dormitory waste baskets. She read, not in search for Knowledge, but to put herself on the cultural level of those who had read all the right things. Her memory was a sponge, soaking up everything avidly and indiscriminately. She could quote whole passages of Shakespeare, without understanding in the least what it was all about. She worked, to enlarge her vocabulary. Sometimes, when she had used an unfamiliar word, she mispronounced it, but she did not know this. She had the remarkable vocabulary of the girls in the Reformatory, and as well the fine new words she was learning. The girls laughed at her. She didn't care. She subscribed to the Thurstonia Herald, and clipped from it everything that was printed about the Irelands. That, then, was her only contact with them. From the Reform school she was sent, at eighteen, into housework. She hated that, the minimum of personal freedom, the uniforms, the inadequate income. Eventually, she ran away with a pair of valuable diamond clips stolen from her employer. Of course they caught her, and she spent a year in prison. The ignominy she resented less than the wasted time. She determined, when she was free, never again to put herself in a position where" she would become entangled with the law. She worked in a munitions factory. But she had no intention of staying on the assembly line. She took a night course in secretarial work, and was Soon transferred to the office. A stenographer in a big room with all the other girls at typewriters. Then secretary to the assistant manager, with an office of her own. She began to meet people, important people. She didn't bother with the others. She met people of social standing, with money.. She met Steve Raymond. She saw at once that he was taken with her looks. But he knew dozens of other beautiful girls, and Eve knew he had to see her as different, set apart from the others. So she gambled on a long chance, and with what seemed disarming frankness, she told him everything about herself, Reform school, prison, everything. Essentially, she told him the truth, but she made it amusing, appealing, tragic you , Steve said. Soon he was saying, CHAPTER THIRTY-FOUR by ELSIE MACK Copyright 1962, by Elsie Mack. Distributed by King Features Syndicate. SHE WANTED to Keep him beside her but he had already turned away to examine the chart with the nurse, and Eve hadn't yet the strength to rinse her voice to call him back. Tomorrow she would be stronger. And the day after that, stronger still. She was going to get well quickly. The constitution of a dandelion, she'd told Jeremy once. "Penicillin is wonderful," she said to the nurse who approached her with a needle. "Isn't it?" "Yes, Mrs. Ireland." Eve had learned not to flinch, to hold herself aloot from the brief, quick stab. From the other pain, the one that began sharply the minute recognition came of her love for Jeremy, she had not yet found immunity. She thought, He hates me. How can I tell him I love him? How can I make him believe me, after everything? There was a Way. She could be honest with Jeremy. About the past, everything. Even her reason for marrying him. No dissembling. She'd been almost honest, once, with Steve Raymond. It had worked, and he had married her. But this was different It wouldn't be easy, throwing herself on Jeremy's mercy, asking for a second chance. But Jeremy was kind. He had loved her. He would again. He would forgive her. But she would have to start with honesty, He'd hated all her lies. She asked the nurse, "Do I look a hag?" "You look fine, Mrs. Ireland." Naturally, she'd, say, that, Eve thought. Nurses, and their professional brightness! "Bring me a mirror," she ordered. She looked at herself. "Mmmm." She grimaced. "Is that what you call tine?" "A few more days, you'll perk up." So she waited until a faint color came back into her cheeks, until her fingers were steady enough to hold the lipstick and tie a ribbon in her hair. Then, propped against pillows, looking beautiful and feeling more scared than ever before in her life, she said to Jeremy, "Must you rush off? Can't we talk today? There are things I want to say to you, Jeremy. Please." He glanced at his wristwatch, pulled over a chair. "Smoke," she said, "if you like. It's going to take a little time for all I have" to say." He looked dubious, "Can't it wait?" "No. Jeremy." She saw his frown when she told him she'd have to go a long way back. Back to the time when she was a child, before she'd known his father and mother. "Eve, this, wait." "Please." "All right." She said a surprising thing. "Jeremy, do you believe children are decent to start with?" She didn't wait for his reply. "They're not. They have to be taught decency. They have to be shown the difference between bad and good. My parents hadn't time for me. They were more interested in horses. They raised thoroughbreds, and followed the horses, season in, season out, all over the country. I "dn't read Hans Christian Anderson. I read the Racing Form." She shrugged. "By the time people—not my parents— started teaching me that lies were wrong, and stealing wicked, it was too late. Who was it said, Give me a child from birth to seven years, and I'll show you the man or woman he will become?... The formative years. I found out that I could get the things I wanted by taking them, If I were smart. And that I could lie my way out of anything. Your mother was the first person who tried to change me. Perhaps, if she hadn't cast, me off—" She shrugged again, not flippantly. "I hated her for sending me back to the Shelter, Jeremy. I told her I'd get even, that I'd pay her back for not giving me another chance..." The hatred and the frustration had remained with her all the time she had been at the Shelter. She was the institution's Bad Girl. She refused to make friends with the other children; she broke all the rules, snapped her fingers at authority. She was desperately lonely and unhappy, but too proud to acknowledge either. She had stayed at the Shelter until she instigated, a hunger strike against the skimpy and horribly monotonous meals. After that, she was sent away to Reform School. She still hated the Irelands. They were responsible for everything that had happened to her. They'd deprived her of all the things she might nave had—a home, pretty clothes, friends. had sent her to this—bars at the windows, cotton bags of dresses, supervision, rules, drabness. But she had to find a way. Her hatred could not touch the Irelands unless she found the means of getting, back into their lives. Even that would be futile, unless she could meet them on an equal social and financial footing. Two things she must have. An education, and money. At the Reform School, she read everything she could lay her hands on, Shakespeare filched from the bookshelf in the Matron's sitting room, tabloids, salvaged from the dormitory waste baskets. She read, not in search for Knowledge, but to put herself on the cultural level of those who had read all the right things. Her memory was a sponge, soaking up everything avidly and indiscriminately. She could quote whole passages of Shakespeare, without understanding in the least what it was all about. She worked, to enlarge her vocabulary. Sometimes, when she had used an unfamiliar word, she mispronounced it, but she did not know this. She had the remarkable vocabulary of the girls in the Reformatory, and as well the fine new words she was learning. The girls laughed at her. She didn't care. She subscribed to the Thurstonia Herald, and clipped from it everything that was printed about the Irelands. That, then, was her only contact with them. From the Reform school she was sent, at eighteen, into housework. She hated that, the minimum of personal freedom, the uniforms, the inadequate income. Eventually, she ran away with a pair of valuable diamond clips stolen from her employer. Of course they caught her, and she spent a year in prison. The ignominy she resented less than the wasted time. She determined, when she was free, never again to put herself in a position where" she would become entangled with the law. She worked in a munitions factory. But she had no intention of staying on the assembly line. She took a night course in secretarial work, and was Soon transferred to the office. A stenographer in a big room with all the other girls at typewriters. Then secretary to the assistant manager, with an office of her own. She began to meet people, important people. She didn't bother with the others. She met people of social standing, with money.. She met Steve Raymond. She saw at once that he was taken with her looks. But he knew dozens of other beautiful girls, and Eve knew he had to see her as different, set apart from the others. So she gambled on a long chance, and with what seemed disarming frankness, she told him everything about herself, Reform school, prison, everything. Essentially, she told him the truth, but she made it amusing, appealing, tragic you , Steve said. Soon he was saying, Fraternities than simply a wider field of rights and privileges for certain people in the United States, In the long run it means a substantial and rewarding victory in the struggle for the free world." Others speakers were Six Zafrulla Khan, Pakiston's minister of foreign affairs, and President Mordecai Johnson, of Howard university. Dr. Johnson called for a mobilization in this country, against segregation because "from segregation come all of the other practices of discrimination. He noted that the enemies of Negro equality were not confined wholly to the South, "but are also to be found in the North and in the West." 1952 News tial nomination. Thier-rivalry was a symbol of conflicting ideologies in the South, a conflict clearly brought home in their torrid campaign in the Florida primaries. 5. Political upsets. A handful of independent political overthrows made top stories. Two veteran members of Congress, Sen. Ken neth McKellar of Tennessee, and Rep. John Rankin of Mississippi, were defeated by younger men in their bids for re-election. In Louisiana, the entrenched Long machine was defeated, as Robert Kennon won the governorship. 6. Textile union rebellion. A split in the ranks of the CIO Textile Workers Union, which sent thousands into the rival AFL, was top news in a region whose principal industry is textiles. 7. Ku Klux Klan crackdowns. The Federal Government stepped in to prosecute alleged klansmen by the scores in North Carolina.. Carolina's Klan Leader Thomas Hamilton was one of those sent to prison Some authorities declared the klan wiped out in Carolina. 8. Bombing of the home of an anti-vice crusader in Phenix City, Alabama. This was the outstanding example of what came to be interpreteded during 1952 as a new pattern of terrorism, perhaps replacing the pattern of lynching. 9. The fight to retain school seg regation. This was a running story that continued through the year as dixie states moved toward a showdown on the issue. Georgia and South Carolina launched costly school building programs to provide equal but seperate school facilities as the U. S. Supreme court prepared to rule on lower court decisions that upheld public school segregation in Virginia and South Carolina. 10. The kidnap-rob spree of a self-styled "three gun maniac" was the top crime story in the area. James Francis Hill kidnapped 25 Victims as he roamed the highway of Tennessee, Georgia and Florida for a month before he was captured. Solon Wants Faith In UN Sen. O'Conor (D) Md., called Thursday for a postive policy that would restore the nation's "profoundly shaken" faith in the United Nations as the world's best hope for peace. OConor warned against withdrawing U. S. support of the international organization" because or re-, cent disclosures of subversive infiltration. The senator, who, headed a probe of the UN by the Senate Internal Security Subcommittee, declared: "Turning our back on the UN, by word or deed, will hearten our enemies, weaken our allies and sharply divide public opinion here at home." In a Christmas day statement, O'Conor asserted that the vast majority of UN employes are loyal but declared "alleged subversives must be exposed for what they are." O'Conor said "these individuals, professing devotion to the UN organization or agencies, have in truth done them a grave disservice. Their responsibilities cannot be minimized. Bishop Womack To Confer With Georgia CME Leaders Bishop A. W. Womack of the Colored Methodist Church and vice-president of the Fraternal Council of Churches, U. S. A., Incorporated was in Atlanta Tuesday for a meeting of the trustees Board of Paine College, Augusta. Bishop Womack recently conferred with President-elect Dwight D. Eisenhower in New York's Commodore Hotel and asked the incoming chief executive to work for passage of civil rights measures to guarantee first class citizenship for minorities. He was chairman of the committee which conferred with Eisenhower. The National Fraternal Council of Churches is composed of thirteen denominations representing over seven million Negro Americans. Present in Atlanta, along with Bishop Womack for the Paine College trutsee meeting were Bishop Arthur J. Moore, who is chairman of the body, Channing H. Tobias, Alternate Delegate to the United Nations, W. C. Erwin, business manager of Paine College, President E. C. Peters, and W. H. Hornsby, president of the pilgrim Life Insurance Co. Tuesday's meeting of Paine College trustes was held at the Wesleyan Methodist Church. Bishop Womack will hold a series of meetings with CME Church leaders during his stay in Georgia. He will be the Emancipation Day speaker at Ocilla, January 1. January 2, Bishop Womack will confer with presiding elders of the South, Central Georgia and Southwest Georgia Conferences at Holsey-Cobb Institute in Cordele. January 4 he will preach, at the West Mitchell CME Church, Rev. L. O. Jones, pastor. The CME leader has issued a call for all presiding elders to gather in Atlanta January 6. While in Atlanta, Bishop Womack is the guest of Dr. R. B. Shorts, pastor of the Butler Street CME Church. Ask Crack-Down On Shipping Obscene Literature In U. S. A Special House Committee Wednesday proposed that transportation ofobscene literature in interstate or foreign commerce be made a federal offense but opposed government cnsorship. The committee, headed by Rep. Gathings (D) Ark., lashed out in particular at "the so-called pocketsize books and certain cartooncomic books which it labeled "a degenerate outgrowth of long-establish newspaper comic strips." The House members called pornograph "big business and charged it has become a "menace to our civic welfare." It concluded, however, that censorship is definitely not a practicable nor adequate answer," but proposed, in a majority report, three Immediate steps: 1. A law providing penal t for persons knowingly transpo filthy literature in interstate or foreign commerce. 2. Tightening the postal laws to authorize the postmaster general to impound mail addressed to any individual or organization obtaining money through the malls for lewd publications. 3. Elimination by the publishing industry of "that proportion of its output which may be classified as borderline or "objectionable." Brodie Twin Survives 1st In Series Of Operations Rodney Dee, the stranger of the separated Brodie Siamese twins, underwent a two hour, 15-minute plastic operation yesterday during which a large flap of scalp was placed over 75 per cent of his brain. It was the first of a series of plastic operations planned for 15month old Rodney and his brother, Roger, who were separated from a head-to-head junction in unprecedented surgery December 17. Despite the fact that Rodney is still in critical condition due to the major separation operation he was reported to have withstood yesterday's ordeal remarkably well. The University of Illinois hospital announced: "Rodney apparently tolerated the procedure fairly well. He is now back in his room. His condition is as well as could be expected." Doctors said the operation was performed despite the child's condition. It was needed to avoid a possible brain Infection. A team of four plastic surgeons, a neurosurgeon, a pediatrician, an anaesthesiologist, and nurses participated in the surgery. Rodney, the hospital said, was depend on the amount of the Blood thetic" during the operation. Roger Lee, in a coma since the separation operation, is still in "too precarious condition to attempt" plastic surgery, the hospital " The skin flap over Rodney's brain was prepared for the scalp in a series of four operations which preceded the surgery two weeks ago. It is still attached to a normal, healthy scalp at one end. The hospital said-the flap is designed to provide a normal, permanent covering over, the brain. The statement added: "It is a type of covering under which some type of supporting structure might be inserted at a future date. "The supporting structure either a bone graft or a plastic or metal substance, will be placed between the dura mater and the skin flap later." No date has been set for the next operation on Rodney. The date will depend on the amount of the blood supply to the skin flap. Doctors said the flap will "give" the brain the mechanical protecttion it needs." They describe as "a glorified dressing." They explained that on one side of the baby's head they placed a flap and wound it around the head, much as a turban is wound. Another flap was folded back over the head from the front. Additional procedures will follow in easy stages as an attempt is made to build up to as normal as possible the top of Rodney's skull. Doctors said they would have preferred to wail until Rodney was stronger but went ahead with the surgery because some sort of brain covering was imperative before he could improve. Rodney has been conscious since the speration and no longer requires oxygen. Roger Lee is receiving oxygen through a mask.