Memphis World Memphis World Publishing Co. 1957-05-11 Raymond F. Tisby MEMPHIS WORLD AMERICA'S STANDARD RACE JOURNAL The South's Oldest and leading Colored Semi-Weekly Newspaper Published by MEMPHIS WORLD PUBLISHING CO. Every TUESDAY and FRIDAY at 164 BEALE—Phone 8-4030 Entered in the Post Office at Memphis, Tenn., as second-Class mail under the Act of Congress, March 1, 1870 Member of SCOTT NEWSPAPER SYNDICATE RAYMOND F. TISBY Managing Editor MRS. ROSA BROWN BRACY Public Relations and Advertising ALYSON E. WISE Circulation Promotion SUBSCRIPTION RATES: Year $5.00 — 6 Months $3.00 — 3 Months $1.50 (In Advance) The is an independent newspaper—non sectarian and non-partisan, printing news unbiasedly and supporting those things it believes to the interest of its readers and opposing those things against the interest of its readers. The Month Of May, Famous In History And Legend In the United States and over the world the month of May is fraught with her legends and traditions. Many events and customs seeing service in some of our American institutions and practices, had their origin from some May festival or sanction partaking of certain dramatic phases or rites. In addition to being the mother of customs and folkways, many important historical events are chronicled on the log of May. Recent history would place upon the chart that celebrated decision of the Supreme Court of America which outlawed segregation at the public school level. This single decision would break the last stranglehold of what had circumscribed this America to a second class citizenry sanction. Of world significance, we are now in the throes of a cold war in which this very situation is among the most effective artillery employed. May 17th., therefore will in time become one of the most important days in the catalogue of our years. Historical events would be chronicled with such happenings as the Battle of Manilla which occurred on May 1st., 1898. Here many heroes came to the surface and of national notice, such as Teddy Roosevelt, Captain Richmond P. Hobson, General Leonard Wood and the "Rough Riders" who turned the tide in that memorable battle which still echoes across the land in that clarion challenge — "Remember the Maine." Abraham Lincoln was nominated for President May 16th., 1860. It was May 21st, that Colonel Charles Lindbergh landed at Paris and won a prize of $25,000 and the admiration of the world in the first non-stop flight across the Atlantic Ocean. It will be recalled that it was May 7th, 1915 that the famous Lusitania bound for Liverpool from New York was torpedoed off the coast of Ireland without warning by German submarines, with the loss of 1,150 lives. The sport side would include May as the month of the Kentucky Derby and the Indianapolis Speed-way Race. Industry would chalk up May the 10th, as the day the first transcontinental railroad was completed. Finally May comes home to the hearts and homes of all of us, in that the second Sunday of her ramble would be Mothers Day, so designated by the late President Woodrow Wilson upon the motion of Miss Anna Jarvis. So, as Time marches on, so does May 1 in the rich annals of history. MEALTIME MELODIES! By LEODA GAMMON Outdoor-activities are taking-over. For some the activity is sports, for others its gardening. Whatever the chosen activity, outdoor air is sure to work up heavily appetites. This Confetti Corn Pudding will help to take care of just such an appetite. 2 ounces medium noodles 2 cups milk 1 teaspoon sugar 1-8 teaspoon pepper 1 2-3 cups drained cooked whole kernel corn (1 pound can) 2 Tablespoons chopped green pepper 2 tablespoons chopped pimiento 2 eggs, beaten. Add 2 teaspoon salt and noodle to 3 cups boiling water. Boil rapidly stirring constantly, for 2 minutes. Cover, remove from heat and let stand 10 minutes. Meanwhile, scald milk. Stir in sugar, salt and pepper. Cool to luke warm. Combine corn green pepper and pimento. Rinse noodles with warm water and drain well. Add noodles to corn mixture. Stir eggs into milk mixture. Combine milk and noodles mixtures.— Turn into greased 1 1/2 quart cas serole. Place casserole in larger pan and fill pan with water. Bake in slow oven (325°F) about 1 hour and 10 minutes, or until set Makes 4 servings. Can't you just imagine yourself eating this good corn pudding with buttered green peas, tossed fresh vegetable salad, hot buttered rolls fresh fruit shortcake and refreshing milk. The fresh fruit shortcake can be such a delightful treat and so easy to make. Just use easy to make gingerbread mix for the base and bananas as the fruit. The spicy goodness of ginger bread teams so well with the sweet, mellow banana flavor. Whipped cream as a topping finishes up this perfection. 1 box gingerbread mix 3 ripe bananas, sliced 1 cup heavy cream, whipped. Prepare and bake gingerbread mix according to package directions. Bake in square or oblong pan. Cool and cut into squares. Just before serving, top each square with banana slices and whipped cream. Arrange a few additional banana slices around the base of the shortcake. CONFETTI CORN PUDDING By LEODA GAMMON Outdoor-activities are taking-over. For some the activity is sports, for others its gardening. Whatever the chosen activity, outdoor air is sure to work up heavily appetites. This Confetti Corn Pudding will help to take care of just such an appetite. 2 ounces medium noodles 2 cups milk 1 teaspoon sugar 1-8 teaspoon pepper 1 2-3 cups drained cooked whole kernel corn (1 pound can) 2 Tablespoons chopped green pepper 2 tablespoons chopped pimiento 2 eggs, beaten. Add 2 teaspoon salt and noodle to 3 cups boiling water. Boil rapidly stirring constantly, for 2 minutes. Cover, remove from heat and let stand 10 minutes. Meanwhile, scald milk. Stir in sugar, salt and pepper. Cool to luke warm. Combine corn green pepper and pimento. Rinse noodles with warm water and drain well. Add noodles to corn mixture. Stir eggs into milk mixture. Combine milk and noodles mixtures.— Turn into greased 1 1/2 quart cas serole. Place casserole in larger pan and fill pan with water. Bake in slow oven (325°F) about 1 hour and 10 minutes, or until set Makes 4 servings. Can't you just imagine yourself eating this good corn pudding with buttered green peas, tossed fresh vegetable salad, hot buttered rolls fresh fruit shortcake and refreshing milk. The fresh fruit shortcake can be such a delightful treat and so easy to make. Just use easy to make gingerbread mix for the base and bananas as the fruit. The spicy goodness of ginger bread teams so well with the sweet, mellow banana flavor. Whipped cream as a topping finishes up this perfection. 1 box gingerbread mix 3 ripe bananas, sliced 1 cup heavy cream, whipped. Prepare and bake gingerbread mix according to package directions. Bake in square or oblong pan. Cool and cut into squares. Just before serving, top each square with banana slices and whipped cream. Arrange a few additional banana slices around the base of the shortcake. BANANA SHORTCAKE By LEODA GAMMON Outdoor-activities are taking-over. For some the activity is sports, for others its gardening. Whatever the chosen activity, outdoor air is sure to work up heavily appetites. This Confetti Corn Pudding will help to take care of just such an appetite. 2 ounces medium noodles 2 cups milk 1 teaspoon sugar 1-8 teaspoon pepper 1 2-3 cups drained cooked whole kernel corn (1 pound can) 2 Tablespoons chopped green pepper 2 tablespoons chopped pimiento 2 eggs, beaten. Add 2 teaspoon salt and noodle to 3 cups boiling water. Boil rapidly stirring constantly, for 2 minutes. Cover, remove from heat and let stand 10 minutes. Meanwhile, scald milk. Stir in sugar, salt and pepper. Cool to luke warm. Combine corn green pepper and pimento. Rinse noodles with warm water and drain well. Add noodles to corn mixture. Stir eggs into milk mixture. Combine milk and noodles mixtures.— Turn into greased 1 1/2 quart cas serole. Place casserole in larger pan and fill pan with water. Bake in slow oven (325°F) about 1 hour and 10 minutes, or until set Makes 4 servings. Can't you just imagine yourself eating this good corn pudding with buttered green peas, tossed fresh vegetable salad, hot buttered rolls fresh fruit shortcake and refreshing milk. The fresh fruit shortcake can be such a delightful treat and so easy to make. Just use easy to make gingerbread mix for the base and bananas as the fruit. The spicy goodness of ginger bread teams so well with the sweet, mellow banana flavor. Whipped cream as a topping finishes up this perfection. 1 box gingerbread mix 3 ripe bananas, sliced 1 cup heavy cream, whipped. Prepare and bake gingerbread mix according to package directions. Bake in square or oblong pan. Cool and cut into squares. Just before serving, top each square with banana slices and whipped cream. Arrange a few additional banana slices around the base of the shortcake. Bias In Apprenticeship Training Banned In N'York Racial discrimination in apprenticeship training programs in New York State jointly sponsored by trade unions and management groups is forbidden by a law passed by the Legislature and signed by Gov. Averell Harriman. Enactment of the law was urged by the New York State Conference of NAACP branches. Herbert Hill, NAACP labor secretary, presented the Associations views to the Industrial Commissioner and cited existing discriminations as justification for corrective legislation. In signing the bill, which amends the State Labor Act Gov. Harriman said on April 19. "It is my judgement that an effective program to eliminate unlawful discrimination on employment requires not only that properly qualified persons be assured equality of opportunity in employment without reference to race, creed, color of national origin but that all persons be similarly afforded an opportunity to become qualified." Previously, the Governor vetoed the Hatfield-Waters "berry-picking" bill which the NAACP charged would deprive the children of migratory farm workers of educational opportunities. Urging the Governor to veto the measure, Mr. Hill pointed out that the vast majority of these migratory workers are Negroes. 1st Choice! Colonial is good Bread House Approves More Money For Freedmen's The House Appropriations Committee recommended Friday a sup plemental appropriation of ??? for the current fiscal year for Freedmen's Hospital. This, sum, carried in the third supplemental appropriation bill for 1957, represents a cut of $13,800 from the amount the hospital requested. The committee rejected a request for that amount for 23 additional nurses. Plane Breaks Power Line Causes Dim-Out A low flying plane struck and broke two 220,000-volt power lines of the Pacific Gas and Electric Company Friday, causing a paralyding dimout for 20 minutes in San Francisco and the heavily populated San Francisco Peninsula. More than one million persons were affected as elevators in business buildings and hotels halted street cars and trolley buses in San Francisco stopped and traffic signals ceased operating. The plane and pilot were not identified until Lieut. (J. G.) Harry M. Nyberg of Berkley landed at Alameda Naval Air Station and said his ad-7 skyraider attack bomber had hit the wires. Earlier, Powel Company field men had reported only that "a small plane" had caused the trouble. The plane hit power lines running from 60-foot towers on a Hillside near Niles Canyon in Southern Alameda County on the East side of san Francisco bay, One death was attributed to the power failure. Frederick Brand 50, a plant superintendent for the Pacific Telephone and Telegraph codied of a heart attack blamed on overwork due to the power emergency. Teletype machines in offices of International News Service and other wise services and in newspaper and radio offices ceased chattering. Buffalo First Over The Top In 1957 UNCF Campaign Buffalo is the first city to report "over the top" in the 1957 United Negro College Fund Campaign, Lee H. Bristol president of Bristol-Myers Co. and national campaign chairman announced today. Volunteer workers reported 102.6 per cent of Buffalo's share of the $2,000,000 national goal at theirvictory dinner. April 30. The convocation of UNCF's 31 college presidents, held in Buffalo in March, helped alert local citizens business and industry to the importance of the appeal, according to LeGrand F. Kirk, Buffalo attorney, who heads the Fund's Western New York Committee. "This is the first time Buffalo could announce that its goal had been reached at the final meeting," Mr. Kirk said "And there is more to come." An extensive publicity program also served to bring the Buffalo campaign to a successful conclusion on schedule. ghterson. Buffalo's volunteer publicity committee obtained extensive airtime on radio and TV; spectacular outdoor poster boards: and excellent newspaper coverage. "The publicity program resulted in more than financial returns," Mr. Kirk said. "Through these channels of communication we told the we told the Fund's story and imbued many people with the philosophy and the spirit of the United Negro Col. This year's campaign conducted in 100 cities and college communities throughout the country, marks the Fund's 14th annual appeal for the support of its member colleges and universities. The Fund was founded by Dr. F. D. Patterson, former president of Tuskegee Institute. Dr. Patterson, who now heads the PhelpsStokes Fund serves as UNCF president. W. J. Trent, he is the Fund's executive director leges." VISIT BREATHETT'S GARAGE ALL WORK GUARANTEED LION OIL — GAS 705 Jefferson-JA. 6-9886 CAPITAL SPOTLIGHT Representative William L. Dawson. 71, Democrat of Illinois, is in the Naval Hospital at Bethesda (Maryland). He was taken there April 29 after he became suddenly ill while presiding at a meeting of the House Government Operations Committee of which he is chairMan. While the meeting was going on, Mr. Dawson felt himself about to swoon. He kept his senses, adjorned the meeting, had members to talk with him to help him retain consciousness, then went to his Washington apartment. Later, an ambulance was called and he was taken to the hospital. The hospital declined to make any statement about his condition. The hospital's executive assistant for administration said Mr. Dawson's office would make any announcement about his condition. Governor Walter Gordon of the Virgin Islands and Mrs. Gordon have been attending hearings on the operations of the Virgin Islands Government and the Government-owned Virgin. Islands Corporation before a House Government Operations subcommittee, headed by Representative Earl Chudoff, Democrat, of Pennsyvania. Governor Gordon and Anthony Lausi, director or the Office of Territories, Interior Department, testified Wednesday. The Virgin Islands corporation runs two loans program. One is agricultural loans and the other is industrail and commercial loans. The agricultural loans run from $60,000 to $80,000 a year and are divided up among 200 to 250 individual sugarcane growers. They borrow from the corporation to prepare their land and plant. The loans are paid off when the cane is sent to the mills for grinding. Industrial and commercial loans include loans of $100,000 each to A. H. Rise Distillers and Carlton Estate, Inc., a hotel. The distillery, was bought from the United States Government by Ralph and Isidor Paiewonsky when the Government went out of the run business Ralph Paiewonsky is the Democratic National Committeeman for the Virgin Islands. The Virgin Isle Hotel made application a year ago for a loan of $240,000, and the other hotels on St. Croix discussed the possibility of getting loans from the Virgin Islands Corporation. But these applications apparently were turned down because there was a question as to whether Congress intended loans of that type to be made. The Carlton Estate hotel opened on Dec. 15 and has prospered. The Bluebeard hotel also has been doing fine and has even made advance payments on its loans. The Mountaintop hotel, overlooking the Caribbean Sea, also is doing well. In fact, it has been a good tourist season. Incidentally, Mr. Chudoff is a candidate for a Philadelphia judgeship. His chances are good. If he wins, Raymond Pace Alexander, the lawyer, may take his place in Congress. But there are rumors that the Democratic organization in Philadephia is grooming another colored person to run for the Chudoff seat. Only nine members of the 15member Senate Judiciary Committee were present Monday when Senator John L. McClellan, Democrat, of Arkansas, offered his "right-to-work" amendment to the Hennings Dirkson civil rights bill. They were Senators James O. Eastland Mississippi, chairman; Olin D. Johnson, South Carolina; McClellan, and Sam J. Ervin North Carolina. Democrats, and Alexander Wiley, Wisconsin; Arthur V. Watkins, Utah; Evertt M. Dirkson, Illinois: John Marshall Butler, Maryland and Roman J. Hruska, Nebraska, Republicans Senator Joseph C. O. Mahoney, Democrt of Wyoming, came in late. The only reason the right-towork amendment was not adopted was the plea of Senator Dirkson that the committee owed Senator Thomas C. Hennings, Democrt, of Missouri, the courtesy of hear ing views before taking a vote. If a vote had been taken, the amendment would have been adopted, 7 to 2. Senators who would have voted for the amendment wee Eastland, Johnson, McClellan, Ervin, Watkins, Butler and Hruska. What's more—unless Senator William F. Knowland, of California the Republican leader; Deputy Atnoncy General William P. Rogers, or Sherman Adams, the Assistant to the President, can persuade at least one Republican committee member that right-to-work legislation has no place in a civil rights bill and ought to be a separate measure, the McClellan amendment will be adopted in committee. The vote to adopt it will be 8 to 7 if Senator William Longer. Republican, of North Dakota, is recovered sufficiently from his illness to be wheeled into the committee room. If Langer is absent, the vote will be 8 to 6. Here's now the committee will line up on it: Eastland, Johnton, McClellan Ervin, Jenner, Walkins, Butler and Hruska, for the amendment; Estes Kefauver, Tennessee; Hennings, o'Mahoney, Matthew M Neely, West Virginia; Wiley,. Langer, and Dirksen, against. LOAN PROGRAMS Representative William L. Dawson. 71, Democrat of Illinois, is in the Naval Hospital at Bethesda (Maryland). He was taken there April 29 after he became suddenly ill while presiding at a meeting of the House Government Operations Committee of which he is chairMan. While the meeting was going on, Mr. Dawson felt himself about to swoon. He kept his senses, adjorned the meeting, had members to talk with him to help him retain consciousness, then went to his Washington apartment. Later, an ambulance was called and he was taken to the hospital. The hospital declined to make any statement about his condition. The hospital's executive assistant for administration said Mr. Dawson's office would make any announcement about his condition. Governor Walter Gordon of the Virgin Islands and Mrs. Gordon have been attending hearings on the operations of the Virgin Islands Government and the Government-owned Virgin. Islands Corporation before a House Government Operations subcommittee, headed by Representative Earl Chudoff, Democrat, of Pennsyvania. Governor Gordon and Anthony Lausi, director or the Office of Territories, Interior Department, testified Wednesday. The Virgin Islands corporation runs two loans program. One is agricultural loans and the other is industrail and commercial loans. The agricultural loans run from $60,000 to $80,000 a year and are divided up among 200 to 250 individual sugarcane growers. They borrow from the corporation to prepare their land and plant. The loans are paid off when the cane is sent to the mills for grinding. Industrial and commercial loans include loans of $100,000 each to A. H. Rise Distillers and Carlton Estate, Inc., a hotel. The distillery, was bought from the United States Government by Ralph and Isidor Paiewonsky when the Government went out of the run business Ralph Paiewonsky is the Democratic National Committeeman for the Virgin Islands. The Virgin Isle Hotel made application a year ago for a loan of $240,000, and the other hotels on St. Croix discussed the possibility of getting loans from the Virgin Islands Corporation. But these applications apparently were turned down because there was a question as to whether Congress intended loans of that type to be made. The Carlton Estate hotel opened on Dec. 15 and has prospered. The Bluebeard hotel also has been doing fine and has even made advance payments on its loans. The Mountaintop hotel, overlooking the Caribbean Sea, also is doing well. In fact, it has been a good tourist season. Incidentally, Mr. Chudoff is a candidate for a Philadelphia judgeship. His chances are good. If he wins, Raymond Pace Alexander, the lawyer, may take his place in Congress. But there are rumors that the Democratic organization in Philadephia is grooming another colored person to run for the Chudoff seat. Only nine members of the 15member Senate Judiciary Committee were present Monday when Senator John L. McClellan, Democrat, of Arkansas, offered his "right-to-work" amendment to the Hennings Dirkson civil rights bill. They were Senators James O. Eastland Mississippi, chairman; Olin D. Johnson, South Carolina; McClellan, and Sam J. Ervin North Carolina. Democrats, and Alexander Wiley, Wisconsin; Arthur V. Watkins, Utah; Evertt M. Dirkson, Illinois: John Marshall Butler, Maryland and Roman J. Hruska, Nebraska, Republicans Senator Joseph C. O. Mahoney, Democrt of Wyoming, came in late. The only reason the right-towork amendment was not adopted was the plea of Senator Dirkson that the committee owed Senator Thomas C. Hennings, Democrt, of Missouri, the courtesy of hear ing views before taking a vote. If a vote had been taken, the amendment would have been adopted, 7 to 2. Senators who would have voted for the amendment wee Eastland, Johnson, McClellan, Ervin, Watkins, Butler and Hruska. What's more—unless Senator William F. Knowland, of California the Republican leader; Deputy Atnoncy General William P. Rogers, or Sherman Adams, the Assistant to the President, can persuade at least one Republican committee member that right-to-work legislation has no place in a civil rights bill and ought to be a separate measure, the McClellan amendment will be adopted in committee. The vote to adopt it will be 8 to 7 if Senator William Longer. Republican, of North Dakota, is recovered sufficiently from his illness to be wheeled into the committee room. If Langer is absent, the vote will be 8 to 6. Here's now the committee will line up on it: Eastland, Johnton, McClellan Ervin, Jenner, Walkins, Butler and Hruska, for the amendment; Estes Kefauver, Tennessee; Hennings, o'Mahoney, Matthew M Neely, West Virginia; Wiley,. Langer, and Dirksen, against. CANDIDATE FOR JUDGE Representative William L. Dawson. 71, Democrat of Illinois, is in the Naval Hospital at Bethesda (Maryland). He was taken there April 29 after he became suddenly ill while presiding at a meeting of the House Government Operations Committee of which he is chairMan. While the meeting was going on, Mr. Dawson felt himself about to swoon. He kept his senses, adjorned the meeting, had members to talk with him to help him retain consciousness, then went to his Washington apartment. Later, an ambulance was called and he was taken to the hospital. The hospital declined to make any statement about his condition. The hospital's executive assistant for administration said Mr. Dawson's office would make any announcement about his condition. Governor Walter Gordon of the Virgin Islands and Mrs. Gordon have been attending hearings on the operations of the Virgin Islands Government and the Government-owned Virgin. Islands Corporation before a House Government Operations subcommittee, headed by Representative Earl Chudoff, Democrat, of Pennsyvania. Governor Gordon and Anthony Lausi, director or the Office of Territories, Interior Department, testified Wednesday. The Virgin Islands corporation runs two loans program. One is agricultural loans and the other is industrail and commercial loans. The agricultural loans run from $60,000 to $80,000 a year and are divided up among 200 to 250 individual sugarcane growers. They borrow from the corporation to prepare their land and plant. The loans are paid off when the cane is sent to the mills for grinding. Industrial and commercial loans include loans of $100,000 each to A. H. Rise Distillers and Carlton Estate, Inc., a hotel. The distillery, was bought from the United States Government by Ralph and Isidor Paiewonsky when the Government went out of the run business Ralph Paiewonsky is the Democratic National Committeeman for the Virgin Islands. The Virgin Isle Hotel made application a year ago for a loan of $240,000, and the other hotels on St. Croix discussed the possibility of getting loans from the Virgin Islands Corporation. But these applications apparently were turned down because there was a question as to whether Congress intended loans of that type to be made. The Carlton Estate hotel opened on Dec. 15 and has prospered. The Bluebeard hotel also has been doing fine and has even made advance payments on its loans. The Mountaintop hotel, overlooking the Caribbean Sea, also is doing well. In fact, it has been a good tourist season. Incidentally, Mr. Chudoff is a candidate for a Philadelphia judgeship. His chances are good. If he wins, Raymond Pace Alexander, the lawyer, may take his place in Congress. But there are rumors that the Democratic organization in Philadephia is grooming another colored person to run for the Chudoff seat. Only nine members of the 15member Senate Judiciary Committee were present Monday when Senator John L. McClellan, Democrat, of Arkansas, offered his "right-to-work" amendment to the Hennings Dirkson civil rights bill. They were Senators James O. Eastland Mississippi, chairman; Olin D. Johnson, South Carolina; McClellan, and Sam J. Ervin North Carolina. Democrats, and Alexander Wiley, Wisconsin; Arthur V. Watkins, Utah; Evertt M. Dirkson, Illinois: John Marshall Butler, Maryland and Roman J. Hruska, Nebraska, Republicans Senator Joseph C. O. Mahoney, Democrt of Wyoming, came in late. The only reason the right-towork amendment was not adopted was the plea of Senator Dirkson that the committee owed Senator Thomas C. Hennings, Democrt, of Missouri, the courtesy of hear ing views before taking a vote. If a vote had been taken, the amendment would have been adopted, 7 to 2. Senators who would have voted for the amendment wee Eastland, Johnson, McClellan, Ervin, Watkins, Butler and Hruska. What's more—unless Senator William F. Knowland, of California the Republican leader; Deputy Atnoncy General William P. Rogers, or Sherman Adams, the Assistant to the President, can persuade at least one Republican committee member that right-to-work legislation has no place in a civil rights bill and ought to be a separate measure, the McClellan amendment will be adopted in committee. The vote to adopt it will be 8 to 7 if Senator William Longer. Republican, of North Dakota, is recovered sufficiently from his illness to be wheeled into the committee room. If Langer is absent, the vote will be 8 to 6. Here's now the committee will line up on it: Eastland, Johnton, McClellan Ervin, Jenner, Walkins, Butler and Hruska, for the amendment; Estes Kefauver, Tennessee; Hennings, o'Mahoney, Matthew M Neely, West Virginia; Wiley,. Langer, and Dirksen, against. Chicago Urban Relations Officials. "We are especially pleased with the Foundation's grant," concluded Berry, "because it is felt that the Chicago setting offers additional training opportunities through its great universities, a strong Welfare Council and regional units of the National Conference of Christians and Jews, and the Anti-Defamation League. "The City of Chicago also presents the most fertile laboratory for "on the job" training in race relations, its population is heterogeneous and growing rapidly." After selection of the apprentice has been made, the League will communicate regularly with the Foundation and report progress. Gives Older Ladies Younger Looking Skin Lightens weathered skin; makes skin fresh, smoother. Softens tiny lines, harsh skin wrinkles. Makes skin younger looking. A doctor's famous formula with lanolin. —30c—60c at drug, cosmetic counters. SPACE PILOTS LOVE'EM Funeral Riles drama at his beloved Allen Temple. Long hours before the funeral the streets were jammed with those, who came to pay respects and view for the last time the sunny face of their fallen leader and friend. Dr. Middleton touchingly told of his old students reminiscing that he used to come for them when they played truant; how he would often bring along a paddle in his hand, but as Washington Irving told in his tale of Ichabod Crane, the old school master above all "he was' kind and had full many a tale." The sequel of the processions rightly worded: "OLove That Wilt Not Let Me Go." Bishop William Reid Wilkes, Bishop of the Sixth Episcopal District, said the Invocation, which beautiful embodied William Bryant "So Live That When Thy Summon Comes. The Scripture was read by Dr. J. P. Brawley, president Clark college; Mrs. Janie Mae Wilkinson sang — "Sunrise." "My Task" followed the eulogy by Mrs. Hazel Blackburn. Then came the Close of the rites with – "The Strife Is O'er, "by the choir." And rightly it was a life consecrated, and dedicated-to the cause of God and measured out to humanity its last full measure of evotion, to at lastue: devotion that had its trials; its conflicts and controversies, to at last come to a beautiful close; meeting the end as he had lived, happy and jubilant and to the last – as Dr. Ira Jarrel said - "bade the old world farewell with a lift Of the hand and a smile. "The Strife IS O'er." Active pallbearers were: James Bohannon Ralph Long, Herman Russell, Robert E. Cureton, Melvin Gaston and Dr. R. L. Chamberlain. Honorary pallbearers included stewards and trustees of Allen Temple AME Church and officers and teachers of the Sunday School. Flower ladies included Mesdames R. C. Chaires, J. O. Thomas, C. E. Warner, Harold Cunningham, G. B. Warren and J. E. Salter. The Brass and the Blue by JAMES KEENE © copyright, 1956, by James keene. Reprinted by permission of Random House, Inc. [King Features] WHEN reveille woke Lieutenant Emil Schwabacker, he bathed, dressed and went outside, frogging his saber. He met Sergeant Sean Finnegan, who had the troop in dismounted formation. After receiving the sergeant's report, Schwabacker dismissed the men and went to headquarters, fully expecting some assignment Instead, the officer of the day informed him that the troop was inactive for the rest of the week. Sergeant Finnegan came around to his quarters frequently —twice during the first day—always, knocking discreetly, but once inside settling himself with complete disregard for rank. He seemed to glean the gossip from the post and quite volubly related it, bit by bit, until Emil Schwabacker felt fully informed as to the disposition of General Wessels' command, and the current pregnancy of the major's favorite mare. During his relief from duty, Emil Schwabacker went over his troop with an exacting eye until he could find no flaw however minute. On the fifth day a dispatch rider arrived from Fort Laramie with the mail and the regimental clerk brought Schwabacker his letter, which he took to his quarters before opening. The bulkiness of it gave Emil an odd feeling, a foreboding of trouble. He read: : . . . The other letters, from his sisters, Gretchen and Carrie; were repetitions of his mother's plea. Go back? He couldn't People, he decided, were always making plans for someone else. And that someone was always doing something to make the plans go wrong His remembrance of his father's anger when he chose the Military Academy instead of medicine was still sharp and clear. There had been the moment when his father had simply stared, too stunned by this Judas act to speak. After the shock wore off, violent words, fury. Talk, his father had said. "Let's talk it over, son." How? he wondered. How could you explain to a wonderful man that it was impossible to live with him because his only fault was being too wonderful? Sergeant Finnegan's knock pulled Schwabacker out of the bog of his thoughts. The sergeant stepped inside and closed the door. "Letter from home, sor?" "Yes," Schwabacker said, and folded it before tucking it in his pocket. "What is it, Sergeant?" "Th' general just got word that there's a regiment of infantry approachin', sor. A couple days out yet, but Captain Jocelyn's commandin' th' cavalry escort." "Captain 2" "Aye, sor. He got a promotion." Finnegan sat down on Schwabseker's bunk and put his shoulders against the wall. "I heard that ol' Jim Bridger's been in th' hills scoutin' with th' Crows. He's due in in th' mornin'. Looks like this Gener'l Wessels's goin' to make a push against Red Cloud, bringin' in another regiment an' all." "Jim Bridger," Schwabacker said softly. "I've heard of him since I was a small boy." Emil thought of Temple Jocelyn then, and a cloud came into his eyes. "Jocelyn hardly seems well enough to sit a horse, Sergeant. You're sure of this information?" "Aye, it's gospel, sor. Jocelyn sent a rider ahead." Finnegan paused before adding, "Likelyhe's goin' to want th' old troop in th' regiment, sor." "Yes," Schwabacker Said bitterly. "I thought for a time that I was his equal at last" 'Beta' equal ain't important, sor." Schwabacker opened his mouth to explain, then closed it, knowing he would never be able to explain. What could he explain? About being on the fringe of everything and never In the center? Even now he was on the outside. He was at last stationed at Kearny, but somehow the fight had moved on, to Fort C. F. Smith, or to somewhere, but certainly not here, where he could be a part of it. Finnegan said, 'Th' troop's ready, sor. We can move in an hour. Jocelyn liked it that way, sor." Angrily Schwabacker whirled on him. "Sergeant! You are under my command, not Temple Jocelyn's!" This straightened Finnegan "Well, sor, I didn't . . ." "You're dismissed!" Schwabacker said crisply and the sergeant went out, and after he had gone, Schwabacker stood alone with his shame. An orderly knocked ten minutes later and Schwabacker gathered his hat and cape to report at headquarters. The clerk admitted him to General Weasels' office, where he came to atten tion, then, "at ease," upon Wessels' command. The room was choking with Wessels' cigar smoke and the general's manner, was impatient. "Lieutenant, I have received message from Dr. Cove Butler. He has asked for you to meet Jocelyn's command on Crazy Woman's Fork. This request is unusual, and normally I would disregard it, but Jocelyn is but there with one troop of cavalry, which I understand is mainly recruits, to ride security patrol over a regiment of infantry. You can see how difficult his position would be if he were attacked, and I can assure you, Lieutenant, that those hills are swarming with Red Cloud's Sioux." "Yes, sir. My troop can move in an hour." "Then you are so ordered to move," General Wessels said. "Stay alert out there, Lieutenant. Red Cloud's had a good winter to gather his army. I expect him to strike at any time and a large force of slow-moving infantry would be a temptation. "I understand, sir." Wessels rose from his chair and pulled down a cloth wall map. "Bridger has been out these past weeks on a scout to the west. Red Cloud is in force north, of Lodge Trail Ridge, which is hardly a good cannon shot from the palisade wall. I expect the attack to come from there: all the sniping has issued from that locality. However, it's possible that he has forces to the east Those Cheyennes you engaged were a part of that force." He faced Lieutenant Schwabacker. "Bring that regiment of infantry to this command; that's an order. I need them badly." Schwabacker left the general and went directly to the troop barracks. A word to the bugler turned them out, and he was at the stable saddling his horse when Sergeant Finnegan arrived with the other troop sergeants. Schwabacker searched for an opportunity to speak to Finnegan, to apologize for his behavior, but there were too many details to attend to Finally the troop was mounted and Scnwabacker led them around the parade and out the main gate. With them strung out behind him in a double column, he could then wave Finnegan forward. The sergeant offered a strict neutrality until Schwabacker said, "My conduct toward you was inexcuseable, Sean. I'm sorry for it." "Ah, sor," Finnegan said, his smile flashing, "I knew you was troubled, sor. Be thinkin' no more about it" "Thank you," Schwabacker said. "Take charge of the second section until further advised." "Aye, sor." Finnegan wheeled and trotted back to his position. E-Troop of the 3rd settled down to a fast march In Chapter 16 tomorrow: Jim Bridger — the man, the legend — makes Indian policy while Emil misses an opportunity. CHAPTER 15 by JAMES KEENE © copyright, 1956, by James keene. Reprinted by permission of Random House, Inc. [King Features] WHEN reveille woke Lieutenant Emil Schwabacker, he bathed, dressed and went outside, frogging his saber. He met Sergeant Sean Finnegan, who had the troop in dismounted formation. After receiving the sergeant's report, Schwabacker dismissed the men and went to headquarters, fully expecting some assignment Instead, the officer of the day informed him that the troop was inactive for the rest of the week. Sergeant Finnegan came around to his quarters frequently —twice during the first day—always, knocking discreetly, but once inside settling himself with complete disregard for rank. He seemed to glean the gossip from the post and quite volubly related it, bit by bit, until Emil Schwabacker felt fully informed as to the disposition of General Wessels' command, and the current pregnancy of the major's favorite mare. During his relief from duty, Emil Schwabacker went over his troop with an exacting eye until he could find no flaw however minute. On the fifth day a dispatch rider arrived from Fort Laramie with the mail and the regimental clerk brought Schwabacker his letter, which he took to his quarters before opening. The bulkiness of it gave Emil an odd feeling, a foreboding of trouble. He read: : . . . The other letters, from his sisters, Gretchen and Carrie; were repetitions of his mother's plea. Go back? He couldn't People, he decided, were always making plans for someone else. And that someone was always doing something to make the plans go wrong His remembrance of his father's anger when he chose the Military Academy instead of medicine was still sharp and clear. There had been the moment when his father had simply stared, too stunned by this Judas act to speak. After the shock wore off, violent words, fury. Talk, his father had said. "Let's talk it over, son." How? he wondered. How could you explain to a wonderful man that it was impossible to live with him because his only fault was being too wonderful? Sergeant Finnegan's knock pulled Schwabacker out of the bog of his thoughts. The sergeant stepped inside and closed the door. "Letter from home, sor?" "Yes," Schwabacker said, and folded it before tucking it in his pocket. "What is it, Sergeant?" "Th' general just got word that there's a regiment of infantry approachin', sor. A couple days out yet, but Captain Jocelyn's commandin' th' cavalry escort." "Captain 2" "Aye, sor. He got a promotion." Finnegan sat down on Schwabseker's bunk and put his shoulders against the wall. "I heard that ol' Jim Bridger's been in th' hills scoutin' with th' Crows. He's due in in th' mornin'. Looks like this Gener'l Wessels's goin' to make a push against Red Cloud, bringin' in another regiment an' all." "Jim Bridger," Schwabacker said softly. "I've heard of him since I was a small boy." Emil thought of Temple Jocelyn then, and a cloud came into his eyes. "Jocelyn hardly seems well enough to sit a horse, Sergeant. You're sure of this information?" "Aye, it's gospel, sor. Jocelyn sent a rider ahead." Finnegan paused before adding, "Likelyhe's goin' to want th' old troop in th' regiment, sor." "Yes," Schwabacker Said bitterly. "I thought for a time that I was his equal at last" 'Beta' equal ain't important, sor." Schwabacker opened his mouth to explain, then closed it, knowing he would never be able to explain. What could he explain? About being on the fringe of everything and never In the center? Even now he was on the outside. He was at last stationed at Kearny, but somehow the fight had moved on, to Fort C. F. Smith, or to somewhere, but certainly not here, where he could be a part of it. Finnegan said, 'Th' troop's ready, sor. We can move in an hour. Jocelyn liked it that way, sor." Angrily Schwabacker whirled on him. "Sergeant! You are under my command, not Temple Jocelyn's!" This straightened Finnegan "Well, sor, I didn't . . ." "You're dismissed!" Schwabacker said crisply and the sergeant went out, and after he had gone, Schwabacker stood alone with his shame. An orderly knocked ten minutes later and Schwabacker gathered his hat and cape to report at headquarters. The clerk admitted him to General Weasels' office, where he came to atten tion, then, "at ease," upon Wessels' command. The room was choking with Wessels' cigar smoke and the general's manner, was impatient. "Lieutenant, I have received message from Dr. Cove Butler. He has asked for you to meet Jocelyn's command on Crazy Woman's Fork. This request is unusual, and normally I would disregard it, but Jocelyn is but there with one troop of cavalry, which I understand is mainly recruits, to ride security patrol over a regiment of infantry. You can see how difficult his position would be if he were attacked, and I can assure you, Lieutenant, that those hills are swarming with Red Cloud's Sioux." "Yes, sir. My troop can move in an hour." "Then you are so ordered to move," General Wessels said. "Stay alert out there, Lieutenant. Red Cloud's had a good winter to gather his army. I expect him to strike at any time and a large force of slow-moving infantry would be a temptation. "I understand, sir." Wessels rose from his chair and pulled down a cloth wall map. "Bridger has been out these past weeks on a scout to the west. Red Cloud is in force north, of Lodge Trail Ridge, which is hardly a good cannon shot from the palisade wall. I expect the attack to come from there: all the sniping has issued from that locality. However, it's possible that he has forces to the east Those Cheyennes you engaged were a part of that force." He faced Lieutenant Schwabacker. "Bring that regiment of infantry to this command; that's an order. I need them badly." Schwabacker left the general and went directly to the troop barracks. A word to the bugler turned them out, and he was at the stable saddling his horse when Sergeant Finnegan arrived with the other troop sergeants. Schwabacker searched for an opportunity to speak to Finnegan, to apologize for his behavior, but there were too many details to attend to Finally the troop was mounted and Scnwabacker led them around the parade and out the main gate. With them strung out behind him in a double column, he could then wave Finnegan forward. The sergeant offered a strict neutrality until Schwabacker said, "My conduct toward you was inexcuseable, Sean. I'm sorry for it." "Ah, sor," Finnegan said, his smile flashing, "I knew you was troubled, sor. Be thinkin' no more about it" "Thank you," Schwabacker said. "Take charge of the second section until further advised." "Aye, sor." Finnegan wheeled and trotted back to his position. E-Troop of the 3rd settled down to a fast march In Chapter 16 tomorrow: Jim Bridger — the man, the legend — makes Indian policy while Emil misses an opportunity. Rep. Celler Fights Rights Filibuster Representative William Coimer, Democrat, of Mississippi, who questioned Mr. Celler at length on first appearance before the committee, resumed his questioning Tuesday. The only other committee members to participate in the questioning were Representative Howard W. Smith, of Virginia, chairman of the Rules Committee, and Homer Thornberry, Democrat, of Texas. One other southerner on the committee, Representative James W. Trimble, Democrat, of Arkansas, asked no question. These four southerners constitute the opposition to the bill in the Rules Committee. Smith has made no bones of the fact that he is in no hurry to have the commitee vote to send the bill to the House floor for debate and vote. It is obvious that Colmer is killing time by his lengthy questions, always preceded by windy arguments As the basis for his questioning Tuesday, Colmer went back to the 1932 debute on the Norris-LaGuardia which provided for jury trials in contempt cases growing out of violations of injunctions in labor disputes. Colmer accused Celler of "reversing his field" by favoring jury trials in contempt cases growing out of labor disputes but opposing jury trials in contempt cases grow ing out of civil rights violations. Celler quoted to Colmer a remark he said Robert E. Lee made to Pierre Beauregard, both Confederate generals, that true patriotism requires men to act at one period exactly contrary to what it does at another. Celler also quoted to Colmer a quotation he attributed to Ralph Waldo Emerson that "Consistency is the hobgoblin, of little minds." If there is abuse and usurpation of power by the judiciary under the proposed civil rights bill as there was under conditions which brought forth the Norris-LaGuard ia Act, Mr. Celler said, he would be one of the first persons to seek a change. Mr. Celler pointed out that "important inductions" had been issued in Texas, South Carolina, Alabama and Virginia, which "covered almost completely the activities of the NACP," without jury trials If Colmer will agree with him that state laws must be revised to require jury trials in civil contempt Cuses, Celler said, maybe he Will "reciprocate" and require jury trials in contempt proceedings in civil rights cases. Without naming Senator Sam J. Ervin, Democrat, of North Carolina Celler said the leader of the flight for jury trials-in-civil rights cases on the Senate side is presently using rhetoric which contacts strongly with his decisions when he was a judge in North Carolina. Celler recalled the case of four mill workers in North Carolina. He said in that case Ervin had "brushed aside" the argument for a jury trial and rendered his decision. Celler called the clamor for jury trials a "strange metamorphosis" to invoke belatedly a legal protection that never existed. Asked by Colmer whether the bill was politically motivated, Celler said he did not think so. There are principles involved, Celler asserted. He added that it was a surprise to some opponents of the bill that the courts have gone as far as they have in recognizing that colored people are human beings and are entitled to as much consideration as white persons. Celler conceded that politics have been injected into bill. As an example, he cited the "southern Manifesto," signed by more than 100 southern members of Congress, and called the Supreme Court decision against segregated schools a clear abuse of judicial power. Celler pointed out that a North Carolina Congressman who refused to sign the "Southern Manifesto" had been defeated. THE OPPOSITION Representative William Coimer, Democrat, of Mississippi, who questioned Mr. Celler at length on first appearance before the committee, resumed his questioning Tuesday. The only other committee members to participate in the questioning were Representative Howard W. Smith, of Virginia, chairman of the Rules Committee, and Homer Thornberry, Democrat, of Texas. One other southerner on the committee, Representative James W. Trimble, Democrat, of Arkansas, asked no question. These four southerners constitute the opposition to the bill in the Rules Committee. Smith has made no bones of the fact that he is in no hurry to have the commitee vote to send the bill to the House floor for debate and vote. It is obvious that Colmer is killing time by his lengthy questions, always preceded by windy arguments As the basis for his questioning Tuesday, Colmer went back to the 1932 debute on the Norris-LaGuardia which provided for jury trials in contempt cases growing out of violations of injunctions in labor disputes. Colmer accused Celler of "reversing his field" by favoring jury trials in contempt cases growing out of labor disputes but opposing jury trials in contempt cases grow ing out of civil rights violations. Celler quoted to Colmer a remark he said Robert E. Lee made to Pierre Beauregard, both Confederate generals, that true patriotism requires men to act at one period exactly contrary to what it does at another. Celler also quoted to Colmer a quotation he attributed to Ralph Waldo Emerson that "Consistency is the hobgoblin, of little minds." If there is abuse and usurpation of power by the judiciary under the proposed civil rights bill as there was under conditions which brought forth the Norris-LaGuard ia Act, Mr. Celler said, he would be one of the first persons to seek a change. Mr. Celler pointed out that "important inductions" had been issued in Texas, South Carolina, Alabama and Virginia, which "covered almost completely the activities of the NACP," without jury trials If Colmer will agree with him that state laws must be revised to require jury trials in civil contempt Cuses, Celler said, maybe he Will "reciprocate" and require jury trials in contempt proceedings in civil rights cases. Without naming Senator Sam J. Ervin, Democrat, of North Carolina Celler said the leader of the flight for jury trials-in-civil rights cases on the Senate side is presently using rhetoric which contacts strongly with his decisions when he was a judge in North Carolina. Celler recalled the case of four mill workers in North Carolina. He said in that case Ervin had "brushed aside" the argument for a jury trial and rendered his decision. Celler called the clamor for jury trials a "strange metamorphosis" to invoke belatedly a legal protection that never existed. Asked by Colmer whether the bill was politically motivated, Celler said he did not think so. There are principles involved, Celler asserted. He added that it was a surprise to some opponents of the bill that the courts have gone as far as they have in recognizing that colored people are human beings and are entitled to as much consideration as white persons. Celler conceded that politics have been injected into bill. As an example, he cited the "southern Manifesto," signed by more than 100 southern members of Congress, and called the Supreme Court decision against segregated schools a clear abuse of judicial power. Celler pointed out that a North Carolina Congressman who refused to sign the "Southern Manifesto" had been defeated. LEE BEAUREGARD QUOTE Representative William Coimer, Democrat, of Mississippi, who questioned Mr. Celler at length on first appearance before the committee, resumed his questioning Tuesday. The only other committee members to participate in the questioning were Representative Howard W. Smith, of Virginia, chairman of the Rules Committee, and Homer Thornberry, Democrat, of Texas. One other southerner on the committee, Representative James W. Trimble, Democrat, of Arkansas, asked no question. These four southerners constitute the opposition to the bill in the Rules Committee. Smith has made no bones of the fact that he is in no hurry to have the commitee vote to send the bill to the House floor for debate and vote. It is obvious that Colmer is killing time by his lengthy questions, always preceded by windy arguments As the basis for his questioning Tuesday, Colmer went back to the 1932 debute on the Norris-LaGuardia which provided for jury trials in contempt cases growing out of violations of injunctions in labor disputes. Colmer accused Celler of "reversing his field" by favoring jury trials in contempt cases growing out of labor disputes but opposing jury trials in contempt cases grow ing out of civil rights violations. Celler quoted to Colmer a remark he said Robert E. Lee made to Pierre Beauregard, both Confederate generals, that true patriotism requires men to act at one period exactly contrary to what it does at another. Celler also quoted to Colmer a quotation he attributed to Ralph Waldo Emerson that "Consistency is the hobgoblin, of little minds." If there is abuse and usurpation of power by the judiciary under the proposed civil rights bill as there was under conditions which brought forth the Norris-LaGuard ia Act, Mr. Celler said, he would be one of the first persons to seek a change. Mr. Celler pointed out that "important inductions" had been issued in Texas, South Carolina, Alabama and Virginia, which "covered almost completely the activities of the NACP," without jury trials If Colmer will agree with him that state laws must be revised to require jury trials in civil contempt Cuses, Celler said, maybe he Will "reciprocate" and require jury trials in contempt proceedings in civil rights cases. Without naming Senator Sam J. Ervin, Democrat, of North Carolina Celler said the leader of the flight for jury trials-in-civil rights cases on the Senate side is presently using rhetoric which contacts strongly with his decisions when he was a judge in North Carolina. Celler recalled the case of four mill workers in North Carolina. He said in that case Ervin had "brushed aside" the argument for a jury trial and rendered his decision. Celler called the clamor for jury trials a "strange metamorphosis" to invoke belatedly a legal protection that never existed. Asked by Colmer whether the bill was politically motivated, Celler said he did not think so. There are principles involved, Celler asserted. He added that it was a surprise to some opponents of the bill that the courts have gone as far as they have in recognizing that colored people are human beings and are entitled to as much consideration as white persons. Celler conceded that politics have been injected into bill. As an example, he cited the "southern Manifesto," signed by more than 100 southern members of Congress, and called the Supreme Court decision against segregated schools a clear abuse of judicial power. Celler pointed out that a North Carolina Congressman who refused to sign the "Southern Manifesto" had been defeated. MILL WORKERS CASE Representative William Coimer, Democrat, of Mississippi, who questioned Mr. Celler at length on first appearance before the committee, resumed his questioning Tuesday. The only other committee members to participate in the questioning were Representative Howard W. Smith, of Virginia, chairman of the Rules Committee, and Homer Thornberry, Democrat, of Texas. One other southerner on the committee, Representative James W. Trimble, Democrat, of Arkansas, asked no question. These four southerners constitute the opposition to the bill in the Rules Committee. Smith has made no bones of the fact that he is in no hurry to have the commitee vote to send the bill to the House floor for debate and vote. It is obvious that Colmer is killing time by his lengthy questions, always preceded by windy arguments As the basis for his questioning Tuesday, Colmer went back to the 1932 debute on the Norris-LaGuardia which provided for jury trials in contempt cases growing out of violations of injunctions in labor disputes. Colmer accused Celler of "reversing his field" by favoring jury trials in contempt cases growing out of labor disputes but opposing jury trials in contempt cases grow ing out of civil rights violations. Celler quoted to Colmer a remark he said Robert E. Lee made to Pierre Beauregard, both Confederate generals, that true patriotism requires men to act at one period exactly contrary to what it does at another. Celler also quoted to Colmer a quotation he attributed to Ralph Waldo Emerson that "Consistency is the hobgoblin, of little minds." If there is abuse and usurpation of power by the judiciary under the proposed civil rights bill as there was under conditions which brought forth the Norris-LaGuard ia Act, Mr. Celler said, he would be one of the first persons to seek a change. Mr. Celler pointed out that "important inductions" had been issued in Texas, South Carolina, Alabama and Virginia, which "covered almost completely the activities of the NACP," without jury trials If Colmer will agree with him that state laws must be revised to require jury trials in civil contempt Cuses, Celler said, maybe he Will "reciprocate" and require jury trials in contempt proceedings in civil rights cases. Without naming Senator Sam J. Ervin, Democrat, of North Carolina Celler said the leader of the flight for jury trials-in-civil rights cases on the Senate side is presently using rhetoric which contacts strongly with his decisions when he was a judge in North Carolina. Celler recalled the case of four mill workers in North Carolina. He said in that case Ervin had "brushed aside" the argument for a jury trial and rendered his decision. Celler called the clamor for jury trials a "strange metamorphosis" to invoke belatedly a legal protection that never existed. Asked by Colmer whether the bill was politically motivated, Celler said he did not think so. There are principles involved, Celler asserted. He added that it was a surprise to some opponents of the bill that the courts have gone as far as they have in recognizing that colored people are human beings and are entitled to as much consideration as white persons. Celler conceded that politics have been injected into bill. As an example, he cited the "southern Manifesto," signed by more than 100 southern members of Congress, and called the Supreme Court decision against segregated schools a clear abuse of judicial power. Celler pointed out that a North Carolina Congressman who refused to sign the "Southern Manifesto" had been defeated.