Memphis World
Memphis World Publishing Co.
1965-03-20
J. A. Beauchamp

CLEAN UP —
Supervision of messing is an important function of leadership as demonstrated 
two Drill Sergeants at the "hot dip." Prior to being served in the chow line
of the field mess, trained dip their mess kits into boiling water to kill bacteria. The
sergeants turn buck those with equipment not clean enough to go into the water. Dip
water it heated in the boiling point by a gasoline emersion healer at the bottom of the
large galvanized can.

A Governor Journey From State
To Driving Taxi Cab In Chicago

CHARLESTON, Wa. Va. — (UPI) —
Former West Virginia Gov.
William Moreland's downhill journey from the state Capitol to
driving a taxicab in Chicago brought job offers and an avalanche
of compassion and sympathy Saturday.
"In Pittsburgh, the owner of a
private detective agency said he
had a "very good job" for Marland
and that he would pay his travel
expenses "by train, plane or bus or
whatever other means he wants so
I can talk to him."
I'll work with him, brief him on
everything that we do," said Irving 
L. Barmak, president of the
the Federated detective Bureau
Inc. "I'll assign him an auto, get
him an apartment and decent
clothes. I can use a man of his
background."
In Johnston City, Ill., Marland's
birthplace, Mayor K. Neil Thurmond 
said if Marland wants to
come back and practice law," he's
certainly welcome. We don't have
a practicing attorney in town now."
Thurmond went to grade school
with Marland.
The reaction to Marland's fight
with the bottle and his slide from
the West Virginia governor's mansion 
to a $12 - dollar -a week room
in a Chicago YMCA was uniformly
sympathetic. There also was critigism 
from some, who said his plight
should not have been made public.
In 1952, Marland became the
Youngest governor in the history
of West Virginia. He revealed Friday 
that he was driving a cab at
$70 to $90 a week to "help me compose 
my the character."
Marland who left the West Virginia 
Statehouse in 1957, said he
look up cab driving in 1962 after
going from job to job because of
his drinking habit.
At the time I needed a vehicle

to help me compose my character
which had kind of fallen apart," he
said. "I got drunk."
West Virginia's current governor,
Hulett C. Smith, said of Marland's
troubles:
"I'm truly sorry to hear this
What else can you say on something 
like this?"
A pretty receptionist in Smith's
Capitol offices looked up at a large
ill portrait of Marland and said:
It's unbelievable."
Marland's father, J. W. Marland,
a widower and retired, called it a
"dirty shame" that his son's plight
was uncovered.
"That was a rotten, lousy thing
to do," the father said. Others who
deplored the event were West Virginia 
Secretary of State Joe Burdett 
and the state's Road Commission 
comptroller, Hugh Mills, both
political associates of the former
governor.
Burdett said:
"I don't know why they have to
print such a story. The man was
sick, the bottle got him down. Why
not give him a chance? I knew
about this all along, but kept my
mouth shut because I didn't want
it to get around and embarrass
him."
He was a brilliant man. He
could think both quick and deep.
His opinions as attorney general
were good ones. One thing about
Bill Marland — you always knew
where he stood."
Mills said:
"An attorney friend of mine was
in Chicago a year or two ago and
took a cab driven by Bill Marland.

But I don't know why they don't
leave the fellow alone. Let him
live his private life without all this
publicity." J. Howard Myers, clerk
of the West Virginia Senate, who
lost to Marland in the 1952 Democratic 
primary race for governor,
said:
"I have compassion for him. I'm
sorry as hell to hear this."

GRADE SCHOOL FRIENDS

CHARLESTON, Wa. Va. — (UPI) —
Former West Virginia Gov.
William Moreland's downhill journey from the state Capitol to
driving a taxicab in Chicago brought job offers and an avalanche
of compassion and sympathy Saturday.
"In Pittsburgh, the owner of a
private detective agency said he
had a "very good job" for Marland
and that he would pay his travel
expenses "by train, plane or bus or
whatever other means he wants so
I can talk to him."
I'll work with him, brief him on
everything that we do," said Irving 
L. Barmak, president of the
the Federated detective Bureau
Inc. "I'll assign him an auto, get
him an apartment and decent
clothes. I can use a man of his
background."
In Johnston City, Ill., Marland's
birthplace, Mayor K. Neil Thurmond 
said if Marland wants to
come back and practice law," he's
certainly welcome. We don't have
a practicing attorney in town now."
Thurmond went to grade school
with Marland.
The reaction to Marland's fight
with the bottle and his slide from
the West Virginia governor's mansion 
to a $12 - dollar -a week room
in a Chicago YMCA was uniformly
sympathetic. There also was critigism 
from some, who said his plight
should not have been made public.
In 1952, Marland became the
Youngest governor in the history
of West Virginia. He revealed Friday 
that he was driving a cab at
$70 to $90 a week to "help me compose 
my the character."
Marland who left the West Virginia 
Statehouse in 1957, said he
look up cab driving in 1962 after
going from job to job because of
his drinking habit.
At the time I needed a vehicle

to help me compose my character
which had kind of fallen apart," he
said. "I got drunk."
West Virginia's current governor,
Hulett C. Smith, said of Marland's
troubles:
"I'm truly sorry to hear this
What else can you say on something 
like this?"
A pretty receptionist in Smith's
Capitol offices looked up at a large
ill portrait of Marland and said:
It's unbelievable."
Marland's father, J. W. Marland,
a widower and retired, called it a
"dirty shame" that his son's plight
was uncovered.
"That was a rotten, lousy thing
to do," the father said. Others who
deplored the event were West Virginia 
Secretary of State Joe Burdett 
and the state's Road Commission 
comptroller, Hugh Mills, both
political associates of the former
governor.
Burdett said:
"I don't know why they have to
print such a story. The man was
sick, the bottle got him down. Why
not give him a chance? I knew
about this all along, but kept my
mouth shut because I didn't want
it to get around and embarrass
him."
He was a brilliant man. He
could think both quick and deep.
His opinions as attorney general
were good ones. One thing about
Bill Marland — you always knew
where he stood."
Mills said:
"An attorney friend of mine was
in Chicago a year or two ago and
took a cab driven by Bill Marland.

But I don't know why they don't
leave the fellow alone. Let him
live his private life without all this
publicity." J. Howard Myers, clerk
of the West Virginia Senate, who
lost to Marland in the 1952 Democratic 
primary race for governor,
said:
"I have compassion for him. I'm
sorry as hell to hear this."

CHARACTER FELL APART

CHARLESTON, Wa. Va. — (UPI) —
Former West Virginia Gov.
William Moreland's downhill journey from the state Capitol to
driving a taxicab in Chicago brought job offers and an avalanche
of compassion and sympathy Saturday.
"In Pittsburgh, the owner of a
private detective agency said he
had a "very good job" for Marland
and that he would pay his travel
expenses "by train, plane or bus or
whatever other means he wants so
I can talk to him."
I'll work with him, brief him on
everything that we do," said Irving 
L. Barmak, president of the
the Federated detective Bureau
Inc. "I'll assign him an auto, get
him an apartment and decent
clothes. I can use a man of his
background."
In Johnston City, Ill., Marland's
birthplace, Mayor K. Neil Thurmond 
said if Marland wants to
come back and practice law," he's
certainly welcome. We don't have
a practicing attorney in town now."
Thurmond went to grade school
with Marland.
The reaction to Marland's fight
with the bottle and his slide from
the West Virginia governor's mansion 
to a $12 - dollar -a week room
in a Chicago YMCA was uniformly
sympathetic. There also was critigism 
from some, who said his plight
should not have been made public.
In 1952, Marland became the
Youngest governor in the history
of West Virginia. He revealed Friday 
that he was driving a cab at
$70 to $90 a week to "help me compose 
my the character."
Marland who left the West Virginia 
Statehouse in 1957, said he
look up cab driving in 1962 after
going from job to job because of
his drinking habit.
At the time I needed a vehicle

to help me compose my character
which had kind of fallen apart," he
said. "I got drunk."
West Virginia's current governor,
Hulett C. Smith, said of Marland's
troubles:
"I'm truly sorry to hear this
What else can you say on something 
like this?"
A pretty receptionist in Smith's
Capitol offices looked up at a large
ill portrait of Marland and said:
It's unbelievable."
Marland's father, J. W. Marland,
a widower and retired, called it a
"dirty shame" that his son's plight
was uncovered.
"That was a rotten, lousy thing
to do," the father said. Others who
deplored the event were West Virginia 
Secretary of State Joe Burdett 
and the state's Road Commission 
comptroller, Hugh Mills, both
political associates of the former
governor.
Burdett said:
"I don't know why they have to
print such a story. The man was
sick, the bottle got him down. Why
not give him a chance? I knew
about this all along, but kept my
mouth shut because I didn't want
it to get around and embarrass
him."
He was a brilliant man. He
could think both quick and deep.
His opinions as attorney general
were good ones. One thing about
Bill Marland — you always knew
where he stood."
Mills said:
"An attorney friend of mine was
in Chicago a year or two ago and
took a cab driven by Bill Marland.

But I don't know why they don't
leave the fellow alone. Let him
live his private life without all this
publicity." J. Howard Myers, clerk
of the West Virginia Senate, who
lost to Marland in the 1952 Democratic 
primary race for governor,
said:
"I have compassion for him. I'm
sorry as hell to hear this."

"MAN WAS SICK"

CHARLESTON, Wa. Va. — (UPI) —
Former West Virginia Gov.
William Moreland's downhill journey from the state Capitol to
driving a taxicab in Chicago brought job offers and an avalanche
of compassion and sympathy Saturday.
"In Pittsburgh, the owner of a
private detective agency said he
had a "very good job" for Marland
and that he would pay his travel
expenses "by train, plane or bus or
whatever other means he wants so
I can talk to him."
I'll work with him, brief him on
everything that we do," said Irving 
L. Barmak, president of the
the Federated detective Bureau
Inc. "I'll assign him an auto, get
him an apartment and decent
clothes. I can use a man of his
background."
In Johnston City, Ill., Marland's
birthplace, Mayor K. Neil Thurmond 
said if Marland wants to
come back and practice law," he's
certainly welcome. We don't have
a practicing attorney in town now."
Thurmond went to grade school
with Marland.
The reaction to Marland's fight
with the bottle and his slide from
the West Virginia governor's mansion 
to a $12 - dollar -a week room
in a Chicago YMCA was uniformly
sympathetic. There also was critigism 
from some, who said his plight
should not have been made public.
In 1952, Marland became the
Youngest governor in the history
of West Virginia. He revealed Friday 
that he was driving a cab at
$70 to $90 a week to "help me compose 
my the character."
Marland who left the West Virginia 
Statehouse in 1957, said he
look up cab driving in 1962 after
going from job to job because of
his drinking habit.
At the time I needed a vehicle

to help me compose my character
which had kind of fallen apart," he
said. "I got drunk."
West Virginia's current governor,
Hulett C. Smith, said of Marland's
troubles:
"I'm truly sorry to hear this
What else can you say on something 
like this?"
A pretty receptionist in Smith's
Capitol offices looked up at a large
ill portrait of Marland and said:
It's unbelievable."
Marland's father, J. W. Marland,
a widower and retired, called it a
"dirty shame" that his son's plight
was uncovered.
"That was a rotten, lousy thing
to do," the father said. Others who
deplored the event were West Virginia 
Secretary of State Joe Burdett 
and the state's Road Commission 
comptroller, Hugh Mills, both
political associates of the former
governor.
Burdett said:
"I don't know why they have to
print such a story. The man was
sick, the bottle got him down. Why
not give him a chance? I knew
about this all along, but kept my
mouth shut because I didn't want
it to get around and embarrass
him."
He was a brilliant man. He
could think both quick and deep.
His opinions as attorney general
were good ones. One thing about
Bill Marland — you always knew
where he stood."
Mills said:
"An attorney friend of mine was
in Chicago a year or two ago and
took a cab driven by Bill Marland.

But I don't know why they don't
leave the fellow alone. Let him
live his private life without all this
publicity." J. Howard Myers, clerk
of the West Virginia Senate, who
lost to Marland in the 1952 Democratic 
primary race for governor,
said:
"I have compassion for him. I'm
sorry as hell to hear this."

New AFL-CIO Center Aids
African Trade Unionists
An
African - American Labor Center
has been opened in New York by
the AFL - CIO to help trade unionists 
take a part in establishing
"free and democratic societies" in
the developing nations of Africa.
The aim, according to Mrs. Maida 
Springer, of the labor federation's 
department Of international
 is to help the workers in
the ask of building the economic
and social structures so necessary

to the growth or newly independent 
countries.
Major emphasis will be on development 
projects, under union
auspices, in such areas as worker
education, vocational training, cooperatives, 
health clinics and housing. 

Aid will be offered visiting African 
labor and management groups
to acquaint them with aspects of
the U. S. labor movement.
The center also will seek to expand 
such operations as the tailoring 
institutes of Kenya - cosponsored 
by the AFL - CIO, the
Philadelphia Dress Joint Boards of
the Ladies Garment Workers and
the Kenya Tailors and Garment
Workers Union, which was set up
in March 1963 with the aid of Mrs.
Springer.
For several weeks, Mrs. Springer,
a Negro, has been in Nigeria as a
representative of the center to set
up a training school for drivers
and mechanics in cooperation with
the Motor Drivers and Allied Workers 
Union.

COMB
AWAY
GRAY
WITH
THIS
COLOR
COMB
BRUSH
Just comb and brush to add color
tone. Washes out. Will not rub off.
NOT A DYE. Easiest, quickest way
to add color gradually AVOUIDS
THAT SUDDEN DYED LOOK.
Brush attached for removing excess
coloring, prevents soiling, rubbing
off, Comes in Plastic Case, can
be carried in pocket or purse.
Comes in all shades: Black to
Platinum Blue.



Negro Students
Urged To Think
Of Carreers
In a speech at Norcom High school
here last week, a New York busies 
executive told a banquet that
Negro students have the heaviest
responsibility of the Negro today,
and that they must accept it.
Speaking at a scholarship banquet 
during Vocations Week," D.
Parke Gibson, president, D. Parke
Gibson Associates, Inc., told the
students that unless "you reach out
to outstretched hands of Negro
leadership who have opened doors
for them, we cannot grow or take
advantage of the changing national 
climate."
Gibson, whose firm provides
counsel to major businesses, cited
the current $24 billion Negro market 
as one reason career opportunities 
for "Negro youth are opening 
in the marketing field. He
urged, however, that they try for
all job categories in marketing,
and not limit themselves in careerbuilding 
to positions of solely dealing 
with other Negroes.
Gibson also urged parents not
only to give encouragement and
help to their own children, but to
their neighbors' children as well.
He said, "It is going to take Negro 
brother helping Negro sister,
and each helping their fellow students, 
and trust, confidence and
belief in ourselves, and in each
other for the future."
He told teachers that theirs "is a
responsibility to teach, inspire, cajole, 
pray for, encourage, and may
be even threaten our youth — to
prepare themselves for the job
that now exist, and will exist in
the future."

Ask For New Bids
On Governor's Mansion
State Auditor Ernest Davis said
Monday he hoped construction
could begin sometime this summer
on the new governor's mansion.
Bids taken in December on the
mansion were rejected last week
because they were too high and
Davis said minor modifications were
being made before bids were again
requested.
The lowest bid was $1,134,000,
nearly $400,000 more than had
originally been planned for spending 
on mansion construction.
Davis also said he has approved
final plans for a new eight-story
state office building that will cost
$6:5 million.
He said architects were preparing 
final papers on the building
and bids would be asked for as
soon as architectural plans were
ready.

Castro Regime
Confiscates
The Castro regime 
Friday ordered confication
of the American-owned Fidelity
and Deposit Company of Mary
land. 

The company has been under
Cuban control since Castro expropriated 
U.S. held businesses several
years ago.

Don't ask for "PETROLEUM
JELLY"




FIDEL CASTRO SHAPES COMMUNIST DRIVE FOR AFRICAN NATIONS
The Fidel Castro, regime is apparently, shaping
a key role for itself in the Communist drive for control of the
new nations of Africa while keeping up a steady effort at subversion 
of nearby Latin America.
This, according to diplomatic
sources here, is reflected by a series
of recent developments, capped by
the just - concluded three- month
visit in Africa by Industry Minister 
Ernesto The Guevara.
A guerrilla warfare expert, Guevara 
has long been regarded as the
top strategist in Cuba's subversive
campaign against Latin America.
He is now emerging in what seems
to be an identical role in Africa,
sources here said.
In the somewhat cynical view of
some Cuban observers, Castro and
Guevara may feel that two continents 
can be riddled with Communist 
subversion for the "price"
of one - or, at least that It's worth
a try.
Whatever the outcome of Soviet
and Chinese Red jostling for power
in Africa, Communist Cuba intends 
to be "counted in," these
sources said.
There have been unconfirmed reports 
that one "side" benefit of
Castros' African venture was setting 
up of an arms and propaganda 
smuggling operation from sympathizers 
on that continent of Latin 
America.
Castroite activity in Central and
South America has been hampered
by the prevailing hemispheric—except 
for Mexico — diplomatic break
with Havana. Nevertheless, some 1,500 
Latin Reds are trained in Cuba
annually according to reliable estimates. 

In Africa, by contrast, the doors
to many nations are wide open for
Castroites to maneuver. With its
close ties to anti - American Algeria
and Egypt, the Cuban regime is
making its presence left in the
newly - emerging nations.
Guevara flew to Algiers last Dec.
18 following his appearance at the
United Nations in New York. He
covered a reported total of six nations 
including Mali, Guinea, Ghana 
and the Congo - Brazzaville,

plus Algeria and Egypt. He was the
guest of President Gamel Nasser
before flying home last week.
He called on Africans to join the
Communist bloc "to form an antiimperialist 
front," and also to send
arms to Communist guerrillas in
South Viet Nam and the Congo.
The supposed basic purpose of
Guevara's trip was to attend the
conference of African and Asiatic
nations in Algiers last month. Cuba
was the only Latin American nation 
represented.
Castro's "roots" in Africa steam
from long - time material and moral 
support from Algerian President
Ahmed Ben Bella in his war against
the French.
But it was not until Zanzibar
revolutionaries took control of that
country in January, 1964, that Cuba's 
impact in Africa began to
loom large, sources said. An estimated 
20 of the rebels were reportedly 
trained in Cuba and revolutionary 
leader John Okello openly 
identified himself with Castro.
Last January, Washington sources 
reported that possibly 200 Africans 
who have played major roles
in government upheavals on that
continent were previously trained
as guerrillas in Cuba. These trainees 
probably went to Havana from
Algeria, Tanzania and CongoBrazzaville, 
the sources said.
Little noticed in recent news
from Cuba was the announcement
last February 4 that Havana and
Algiers have been linked by a radio 
and telegraph circuit.
Havana Radio is now beating
the propaganda drums for a new
"youth and student conference"
slated for Algiers within the next
few months. 'Only the best are going 
to Algiers" according to broadcasts 
monitored here.
The conference is certain to pick
up in anti - Western and anti American 
attacks where Guevara
left off following his lengthy African 
tour, sources here said.

Latin America Also Seen
As Subversion Target
The Fidel Castro, regime is apparently, shaping
a key role for itself in the Communist drive for control of the
new nations of Africa while keeping up a steady effort at subversion 
of nearby Latin America.
This, according to diplomatic
sources here, is reflected by a series
of recent developments, capped by
the just - concluded three- month
visit in Africa by Industry Minister 
Ernesto The Guevara.
A guerrilla warfare expert, Guevara 
has long been regarded as the
top strategist in Cuba's subversive
campaign against Latin America.
He is now emerging in what seems
to be an identical role in Africa,
sources here said.
In the somewhat cynical view of
some Cuban observers, Castro and
Guevara may feel that two continents 
can be riddled with Communist 
subversion for the "price"
of one - or, at least that It's worth
a try.
Whatever the outcome of Soviet
and Chinese Red jostling for power
in Africa, Communist Cuba intends 
to be "counted in," these
sources said.
There have been unconfirmed reports 
that one "side" benefit of
Castros' African venture was setting 
up of an arms and propaganda 
smuggling operation from sympathizers 
on that continent of Latin 
America.
Castroite activity in Central and
South America has been hampered
by the prevailing hemispheric—except 
for Mexico — diplomatic break
with Havana. Nevertheless, some 1,500 
Latin Reds are trained in Cuba
annually according to reliable estimates. 

In Africa, by contrast, the doors
to many nations are wide open for
Castroites to maneuver. With its
close ties to anti - American Algeria
and Egypt, the Cuban regime is
making its presence left in the
newly - emerging nations.
Guevara flew to Algiers last Dec.
18 following his appearance at the
United Nations in New York. He
covered a reported total of six nations 
including Mali, Guinea, Ghana 
and the Congo - Brazzaville,

plus Algeria and Egypt. He was the
guest of President Gamel Nasser
before flying home last week.
He called on Africans to join the
Communist bloc "to form an antiimperialist 
front," and also to send
arms to Communist guerrillas in
South Viet Nam and the Congo.
The supposed basic purpose of
Guevara's trip was to attend the
conference of African and Asiatic
nations in Algiers last month. Cuba
was the only Latin American nation 
represented.
Castro's "roots" in Africa steam
from long - time material and moral 
support from Algerian President
Ahmed Ben Bella in his war against
the French.
But it was not until Zanzibar
revolutionaries took control of that
country in January, 1964, that Cuba's 
impact in Africa began to
loom large, sources said. An estimated 
20 of the rebels were reportedly 
trained in Cuba and revolutionary 
leader John Okello openly 
identified himself with Castro.
Last January, Washington sources 
reported that possibly 200 Africans 
who have played major roles
in government upheavals on that
continent were previously trained
as guerrillas in Cuba. These trainees 
probably went to Havana from
Algeria, Tanzania and CongoBrazzaville, 
the sources said.
Little noticed in recent news
from Cuba was the announcement
last February 4 that Havana and
Algiers have been linked by a radio 
and telegraph circuit.
Havana Radio is now beating
the propaganda drums for a new
"youth and student conference"
slated for Algiers within the next
few months. 'Only the best are going 
to Algiers" according to broadcasts 
monitored here.
The conference is certain to pick
up in anti - Western and anti American 
attacks where Guevara
left off following his lengthy African 
tour, sources here said.

WORLD OF RELIGION
When the U. S. Supreme Court
banned devotional exercises in public 
schools, it went out of its way
to emphasize that there would be
no constitutional objection to study 
of the Bible and religious history 
as part, of the regular, curriculum. 

So far, very few public schools
hare accepted the court's challenge
to "teach objectively about religion
and the important part it has played 
in America's heritage.
The influential American Association 
of School Administrators
AASA is now taking steps to encourage 
wider introduction of religion 
courses in public schools.
The AASA, which represents
some 20,000 school superintendents
from all parts of the country, has
caled its commission on religion to
meet in Washington, D. C. March
23-24 to consider ways of developing 
suitable curriculum materials
for such courses.
Dr. Forrest Connor, executive
secretary of the AASA, said lack
of curriculum materials has been
one of the major reasons why public 
school authorities have shied
away from the delicate task of
teaching about religion.
The Rt. Rev. Frederick J. Warnecke, 
Episcopal Bishop of Bethlehem, 
Pa., has proposed a new
approach to the controversy over

public aid to Roman Catholic parochial 
schools.
His solution: Let Protestants who
oppose such aid make voluntary
private contributions to help support 
Catholic parochial schools.
In this way, says Bishop Warnecke, 
Protestants can uphold the
principle of church - slate separation 
which they feel is at stake in
the dispute over using tax funds
for parochial schools. And at the
same time, they can help Catholics
shoulder the heavy financial burden 
of operating a school system
which educates one - eighth of the
nation's children.
"This may seem to be a radical 
proposal," he concedes. "But is
it not in keeping with Christian
charity for one another? Why
should it seem strange that whatever 
our differences, we help those
who are basically our brothers in
Christian faith?"

Pope Paul To Speak
On Steps Of St.
Peter On Easter
Pope Paul
VI officiate an open-air Mass on
the steps of St. Peters Easter Sunday, 
April 18, it was announced
Friday.
After the mass, he will deliver his
Easter message to the world from
the central balcony of the basilica.
Pope Paul has a fondness for open
air religious rites and has held
several of them outside St. Peter's
starting with his coronation June
30, 1963.

Bill Designed
For Protection
Of Negro Voters
President 
Johnson won assurances from
Republicans and Democrats alike
Monday that Congress would act
immediately on his bill designed to
extend federal protection to all
voters — and specifically southern
Negroes.
Even one southerner, Rep. Geo.
Grider, D-Tenn., said that "as
much as I detest the need for it,
we must pass legislation that insures 
once and for all that no one
will be denied the right to Vote
because of the color of his skin.
I shall support such legislation."
The President's legal advisers
worked at high speed during the
day on the technical draft of a
voting rights bill. Johnson decided
to explain its terms to Congress
and the nation in an extraordinary
personal appearance before a joint
session of the House and Senate
at 9 p.m. EST.
Johnson's speech at the Capitol
underlined the gravity with which
both the President and congressional 
leaders viewed the explosive
Alabama civil rights situation.
Senate Republican Leader Everett
M. Kirksen told reporters that
"time is of the essence" in speeding 
action on the voting rights
legislation, once it has been drafted. 
The timetable for Senate action 
must be as short as possible,
he said.
When a newsman asked whether
Senate consideration might take
six weeks, Dirksen quickly replied
that this would be "too long." He
said supporters of voting rights
guarantees "won't stand still that
long."
It appeared likely that a single
bipartisan bill would be introduced
on Wednesday, and that it would
be along the exact lines of what
Johnson put before Congress.
Dirksen, Senate Democratic Leader 
Mike Mansfield and Deputy
Atty. Gen. Ramsey Clark discussed 
the measure Monday. Dirksen
said that changes were made, some
substantive but most minor.
In the House, Rep. Emanuel Celler, 
D-N.Y., chairman of the House
Judiciary Committee, ordered hearings 
to start Tuesday on the bill.
Cellar said he hoped to get the
measure on the House floor early
in April.
Grider is a member of Celler's
Judiciary Committee. He is a freshman 
House member from Memphis, 
and is considered a liberal.
In a prepared House speech, he
said, "Speaking for the South —
and I believe for most southerners 
— I feel there are two things
we must do."
One, he said, is to pass the voting 
rights bill.
"Second - and equally as important 
— It is time for all men
of good will to break their silence.
"The brute in policeman's garb,
the bomber, the murderer, the
ludicrous white-robed redneck —
all take courage from our failure
to speak out. As they always have,
they will slink back into the shadows 
if we, the great majority of
moderate southerners who love our
land and revere its real traditions
of gallantry and fair play, will but
break our silence.
"Until we do, we share the

guilt."
In advance of the President's
speech, administration officials outlined 
some of the details of the
draft bill.
The measure has one central purpose: 
To abolish subjective tests
used in some states to keep Negroes 
from voting. These include
literacy tests, the ability to understand, 
and moral character.
There will be three principal
features:
— A band on discriminatory local 
and state literacy tests. Not affected 
will be states with current
literacy requirements which apply
equally to everyone — white and
Negro — wishing to register.
— Provision for federal examiners 
or registrars to assure that
qualified voters can sign up for
local, state and federal elections if
local officials refuse to register
them, or throw up roadblocks.
— Stiff new federal criminal
penalties against local officials and
private citizens, such as employers,
who use coercion or discriminatory
devices to prevent eligible persons
from exercising the right to register 
and vote.

FAST ACTION NEEDED
President 
Johnson won assurances from
Republicans and Democrats alike
Monday that Congress would act
immediately on his bill designed to
extend federal protection to all
voters — and specifically southern
Negroes.
Even one southerner, Rep. Geo.
Grider, D-Tenn., said that "as
much as I detest the need for it,
we must pass legislation that insures 
once and for all that no one
will be denied the right to Vote
because of the color of his skin.
I shall support such legislation."
The President's legal advisers
worked at high speed during the
day on the technical draft of a
voting rights bill. Johnson decided
to explain its terms to Congress
and the nation in an extraordinary
personal appearance before a joint
session of the House and Senate
at 9 p.m. EST.
Johnson's speech at the Capitol
underlined the gravity with which
both the President and congressional 
leaders viewed the explosive
Alabama civil rights situation.
Senate Republican Leader Everett
M. Kirksen told reporters that
"time is of the essence" in speeding 
action on the voting rights
legislation, once it has been drafted. 
The timetable for Senate action 
must be as short as possible,
he said.
When a newsman asked whether
Senate consideration might take
six weeks, Dirksen quickly replied
that this would be "too long." He
said supporters of voting rights
guarantees "won't stand still that
long."
It appeared likely that a single
bipartisan bill would be introduced
on Wednesday, and that it would
be along the exact lines of what
Johnson put before Congress.
Dirksen, Senate Democratic Leader 
Mike Mansfield and Deputy
Atty. Gen. Ramsey Clark discussed 
the measure Monday. Dirksen
said that changes were made, some
substantive but most minor.
In the House, Rep. Emanuel Celler, 
D-N.Y., chairman of the House
Judiciary Committee, ordered hearings 
to start Tuesday on the bill.
Cellar said he hoped to get the
measure on the House floor early
in April.
Grider is a member of Celler's
Judiciary Committee. He is a freshman 
House member from Memphis, 
and is considered a liberal.
In a prepared House speech, he
said, "Speaking for the South —
and I believe for most southerners 
— I feel there are two things
we must do."
One, he said, is to pass the voting 
rights bill.
"Second - and equally as important 
— It is time for all men
of good will to break their silence.
"The brute in policeman's garb,
the bomber, the murderer, the
ludicrous white-robed redneck —
all take courage from our failure
to speak out. As they always have,
they will slink back into the shadows 
if we, the great majority of
moderate southerners who love our
land and revere its real traditions
of gallantry and fair play, will but
break our silence.
"Until we do, we share the

guilt."
In advance of the President's
speech, administration officials outlined 
some of the details of the
draft bill.
The measure has one central purpose: 
To abolish subjective tests
used in some states to keep Negroes 
from voting. These include
literacy tests, the ability to understand, 
and moral character.
There will be three principal
features:
— A band on discriminatory local 
and state literacy tests. Not affected 
will be states with current
literacy requirements which apply
equally to everyone — white and
Negro — wishing to register.
— Provision for federal examiners 
or registrars to assure that
qualified voters can sign up for
local, state and federal elections if
local officials refuse to register
them, or throw up roadblocks.
— Stiff new federal criminal
penalties against local officials and
private citizens, such as employers,
who use coercion or discriminatory
devices to prevent eligible persons
from exercising the right to register 
and vote.

CONSIDERED A LIBERAL
President 
Johnson won assurances from
Republicans and Democrats alike
Monday that Congress would act
immediately on his bill designed to
extend federal protection to all
voters — and specifically southern
Negroes.
Even one southerner, Rep. Geo.
Grider, D-Tenn., said that "as
much as I detest the need for it,
we must pass legislation that insures 
once and for all that no one
will be denied the right to Vote
because of the color of his skin.
I shall support such legislation."
The President's legal advisers
worked at high speed during the
day on the technical draft of a
voting rights bill. Johnson decided
to explain its terms to Congress
and the nation in an extraordinary
personal appearance before a joint
session of the House and Senate
at 9 p.m. EST.
Johnson's speech at the Capitol
underlined the gravity with which
both the President and congressional 
leaders viewed the explosive
Alabama civil rights situation.
Senate Republican Leader Everett
M. Kirksen told reporters that
"time is of the essence" in speeding 
action on the voting rights
legislation, once it has been drafted. 
The timetable for Senate action 
must be as short as possible,
he said.
When a newsman asked whether
Senate consideration might take
six weeks, Dirksen quickly replied
that this would be "too long." He
said supporters of voting rights
guarantees "won't stand still that
long."
It appeared likely that a single
bipartisan bill would be introduced
on Wednesday, and that it would
be along the exact lines of what
Johnson put before Congress.
Dirksen, Senate Democratic Leader 
Mike Mansfield and Deputy
Atty. Gen. Ramsey Clark discussed 
the measure Monday. Dirksen
said that changes were made, some
substantive but most minor.
In the House, Rep. Emanuel Celler, 
D-N.Y., chairman of the House
Judiciary Committee, ordered hearings 
to start Tuesday on the bill.
Cellar said he hoped to get the
measure on the House floor early
in April.
Grider is a member of Celler's
Judiciary Committee. He is a freshman 
House member from Memphis, 
and is considered a liberal.
In a prepared House speech, he
said, "Speaking for the South —
and I believe for most southerners 
— I feel there are two things
we must do."
One, he said, is to pass the voting 
rights bill.
"Second - and equally as important 
— It is time for all men
of good will to break their silence.
"The brute in policeman's garb,
the bomber, the murderer, the
ludicrous white-robed redneck —
all take courage from our failure
to speak out. As they always have,
they will slink back into the shadows 
if we, the great majority of
moderate southerners who love our
land and revere its real traditions
of gallantry and fair play, will but
break our silence.
"Until we do, we share the

guilt."
In advance of the President's
speech, administration officials outlined 
some of the details of the
draft bill.
The measure has one central purpose: 
To abolish subjective tests
used in some states to keep Negroes 
from voting. These include
literacy tests, the ability to understand, 
and moral character.
There will be three principal
features:
— A band on discriminatory local 
and state literacy tests. Not affected 
will be states with current
literacy requirements which apply
equally to everyone — white and
Negro — wishing to register.
— Provision for federal examiners 
or registrars to assure that
qualified voters can sign up for
local, state and federal elections if
local officials refuse to register
them, or throw up roadblocks.
— Stiff new federal criminal
penalties against local officials and
private citizens, such as employers,
who use coercion or discriminatory
devices to prevent eligible persons
from exercising the right to register 
and vote.

DETAILS OUTLINED
President 
Johnson won assurances from
Republicans and Democrats alike
Monday that Congress would act
immediately on his bill designed to
extend federal protection to all
voters — and specifically southern
Negroes.
Even one southerner, Rep. Geo.
Grider, D-Tenn., said that "as
much as I detest the need for it,
we must pass legislation that insures 
once and for all that no one
will be denied the right to Vote
because of the color of his skin.
I shall support such legislation."
The President's legal advisers
worked at high speed during the
day on the technical draft of a
voting rights bill. Johnson decided
to explain its terms to Congress
and the nation in an extraordinary
personal appearance before a joint
session of the House and Senate
at 9 p.m. EST.
Johnson's speech at the Capitol
underlined the gravity with which
both the President and congressional 
leaders viewed the explosive
Alabama civil rights situation.
Senate Republican Leader Everett
M. Kirksen told reporters that
"time is of the essence" in speeding 
action on the voting rights
legislation, once it has been drafted. 
The timetable for Senate action 
must be as short as possible,
he said.
When a newsman asked whether
Senate consideration might take
six weeks, Dirksen quickly replied
that this would be "too long." He
said supporters of voting rights
guarantees "won't stand still that
long."
It appeared likely that a single
bipartisan bill would be introduced
on Wednesday, and that it would
be along the exact lines of what
Johnson put before Congress.
Dirksen, Senate Democratic Leader 
Mike Mansfield and Deputy
Atty. Gen. Ramsey Clark discussed 
the measure Monday. Dirksen
said that changes were made, some
substantive but most minor.
In the House, Rep. Emanuel Celler, 
D-N.Y., chairman of the House
Judiciary Committee, ordered hearings 
to start Tuesday on the bill.
Cellar said he hoped to get the
measure on the House floor early
in April.
Grider is a member of Celler's
Judiciary Committee. He is a freshman 
House member from Memphis, 
and is considered a liberal.
In a prepared House speech, he
said, "Speaking for the South —
and I believe for most southerners 
— I feel there are two things
we must do."
One, he said, is to pass the voting 
rights bill.
"Second - and equally as important 
— It is time for all men
of good will to break their silence.
"The brute in policeman's garb,
the bomber, the murderer, the
ludicrous white-robed redneck —
all take courage from our failure
to speak out. As they always have,
they will slink back into the shadows 
if we, the great majority of
moderate southerners who love our
land and revere its real traditions
of gallantry and fair play, will but
break our silence.
"Until we do, we share the

guilt."
In advance of the President's
speech, administration officials outlined 
some of the details of the
draft bill.
The measure has one central purpose: 
To abolish subjective tests
used in some states to keep Negroes 
from voting. These include
literacy tests, the ability to understand, 
and moral character.
There will be three principal
features:
— A band on discriminatory local 
and state literacy tests. Not affected 
will be states with current
literacy requirements which apply
equally to everyone — white and
Negro — wishing to register.
— Provision for federal examiners 
or registrars to assure that
qualified voters can sign up for
local, state and federal elections if
local officials refuse to register
them, or throw up roadblocks.
— Stiff new federal criminal
penalties against local officials and
private citizens, such as employers,
who use coercion or discriminatory
devices to prevent eligible persons
from exercising the right to register 
and vote.

Britian Has Its Counterpart
Of America's Slain Malcom X
Britain has its Michael X, an admirer of
Americans slain Malcolm X. "The white man is the sole enemy of
the black man," says Michael X. "If a white man hits me I will
strike back — and hard!"
These angry words sum up the
attitude of a small but growing
Negro movement he heads in Britain, 
where racial tension is becoming 
of increasing government
concern.
He speaks almost reverently of
Malcom. X whose murder, he regards 
as a tragic loss for the Negro 
race. He obviously patterns
himself after Malcolm and is, like
the slain American, a convert to
the Islamic faith. Michael X leads
a group known as the Organization
for Afro-Anglo Unity. It claims
2,000 members in London and a few
hundred more scattered around the
country.
Michael X was born Michael de
Freitas 32 years ago in Trinidad
and emigrated to England 7 years
ago. He dropped the de Freitas because, 
he said, it was "the mark"
of his ancestors' slave owner. He
became Michael X shortly after he
met Malcolm X three years ago.
"We were deep personal friends,"
he said of Malcolm X. "He was
grossly misunderstood and misinterpreted. 
I think he was a great
and wonderful man."
Michael X was interviewed in the
top-floor apartment of a building
he owns in a middle class section of
London. The apartment was elegantly 
furnished and the walls were
decorated with original paintings
by a British artist, Keith Beal.
"All my neighbors are whte," he
said. "I like lving on the top floor
because it's more difficult to toss a
bomb four flights up."
The building is one of several
Michael X owns. He lives off the
rental and considers himself "welloff, 
but not wealthy."
After he was converted to Islam,
he set about the job of developing
a new kind of racal protest movement 
with an Islamic basis.
"At that stage we felt it was best
to work underground," he said.
"The British colored man is much
more disorganized than the American 
Negro. But the time is fast
coming when we shall have to be
overground."
Michael X said the aim of his
organization is to bring about complete 
racial equality in Britain.
"This is such a big job that I don't
think it will come about at all levels
in my lifetime," he said.
"Dignity is a very important
thing and the colored person has
been completely stripped of his
dignity. He is ashamed of his identity, 
and everyone should be proud
of one's own heritage."
Michael X said he disagrees
completely with the non-violent
policy of Dr. Martin Luther King,
the Negro American integration
leader.
"Turn the other cheek may have
been all right 2,000 years ago during
Christ's tme, but this is 1965, and
my people are fighting for theirlives," 
he said. "I think we should
strike back at all levels."

FRIEND OF MALCOLM
Britain has its Michael X, an admirer of
Americans slain Malcolm X. "The white man is the sole enemy of
the black man," says Michael X. "If a white man hits me I will
strike back — and hard!"
These angry words sum up the
attitude of a small but growing
Negro movement he heads in Britain, 
where racial tension is becoming 
of increasing government
concern.
He speaks almost reverently of
Malcom. X whose murder, he regards 
as a tragic loss for the Negro 
race. He obviously patterns
himself after Malcolm and is, like
the slain American, a convert to
the Islamic faith. Michael X leads
a group known as the Organization
for Afro-Anglo Unity. It claims
2,000 members in London and a few
hundred more scattered around the
country.
Michael X was born Michael de
Freitas 32 years ago in Trinidad
and emigrated to England 7 years
ago. He dropped the de Freitas because, 
he said, it was "the mark"
of his ancestors' slave owner. He
became Michael X shortly after he
met Malcolm X three years ago.
"We were deep personal friends,"
he said of Malcolm X. "He was
grossly misunderstood and misinterpreted. 
I think he was a great
and wonderful man."
Michael X was interviewed in the
top-floor apartment of a building
he owns in a middle class section of
London. The apartment was elegantly 
furnished and the walls were
decorated with original paintings
by a British artist, Keith Beal.
"All my neighbors are whte," he
said. "I like lving on the top floor
because it's more difficult to toss a
bomb four flights up."
The building is one of several
Michael X owns. He lives off the
rental and considers himself "welloff, 
but not wealthy."
After he was converted to Islam,
he set about the job of developing
a new kind of racal protest movement 
with an Islamic basis.
"At that stage we felt it was best
to work underground," he said.
"The British colored man is much
more disorganized than the American 
Negro. But the time is fast
coming when we shall have to be
overground."
Michael X said the aim of his
organization is to bring about complete 
racial equality in Britain.
"This is such a big job that I don't
think it will come about at all levels
in my lifetime," he said.
"Dignity is a very important
thing and the colored person has
been completely stripped of his
dignity. He is ashamed of his identity, 
and everyone should be proud
of one's own heritage."
Michael X said he disagrees
completely with the non-violent
policy of Dr. Martin Luther King,
the Negro American integration
leader.
"Turn the other cheek may have
been all right 2,000 years ago during
Christ's tme, but this is 1965, and
my people are fighting for theirlives," 
he said. "I think we should
strike back at all levels."

AIMS FOR EQUALITY
Britain has its Michael X, an admirer of
Americans slain Malcolm X. "The white man is the sole enemy of
the black man," says Michael X. "If a white man hits me I will
strike back — and hard!"
These angry words sum up the
attitude of a small but growing
Negro movement he heads in Britain, 
where racial tension is becoming 
of increasing government
concern.
He speaks almost reverently of
Malcom. X whose murder, he regards 
as a tragic loss for the Negro 
race. He obviously patterns
himself after Malcolm and is, like
the slain American, a convert to
the Islamic faith. Michael X leads
a group known as the Organization
for Afro-Anglo Unity. It claims
2,000 members in London and a few
hundred more scattered around the
country.
Michael X was born Michael de
Freitas 32 years ago in Trinidad
and emigrated to England 7 years
ago. He dropped the de Freitas because, 
he said, it was "the mark"
of his ancestors' slave owner. He
became Michael X shortly after he
met Malcolm X three years ago.
"We were deep personal friends,"
he said of Malcolm X. "He was
grossly misunderstood and misinterpreted. 
I think he was a great
and wonderful man."
Michael X was interviewed in the
top-floor apartment of a building
he owns in a middle class section of
London. The apartment was elegantly 
furnished and the walls were
decorated with original paintings
by a British artist, Keith Beal.
"All my neighbors are whte," he
said. "I like lving on the top floor
because it's more difficult to toss a
bomb four flights up."
The building is one of several
Michael X owns. He lives off the
rental and considers himself "welloff, 
but not wealthy."
After he was converted to Islam,
he set about the job of developing
a new kind of racal protest movement 
with an Islamic basis.
"At that stage we felt it was best
to work underground," he said.
"The British colored man is much
more disorganized than the American 
Negro. But the time is fast
coming when we shall have to be
overground."
Michael X said the aim of his
organization is to bring about complete 
racial equality in Britain.
"This is such a big job that I don't
think it will come about at all levels
in my lifetime," he said.
"Dignity is a very important
thing and the colored person has
been completely stripped of his
dignity. He is ashamed of his identity, 
and everyone should be proud
of one's own heritage."
Michael X said he disagrees
completely with the non-violent
policy of Dr. Martin Luther King,
the Negro American integration
leader.
"Turn the other cheek may have
been all right 2,000 years ago during
Christ's tme, but this is 1965, and
my people are fighting for theirlives," 
he said. "I think we should
strike back at all levels."

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