Memphis World
Memphis World Publishing Co.
1960-04-23
Thaddeus T. Stokes

MEMPHIS WORLD
The South's Oldest and Leading Colored Semi-Weekly Newspaper
Published by MEMPHIS WORLD PUBLISHING CO.
Every WEDNESDAY and SATURDAY at 546 BEALE — Ph. JA. 6-4030
Member of SCOTT NEWSPAPER SYNDICATE
W. A. Scott, II, Founder; C. A. Scott, General Manager
Entered in the Pott Office at Memphis, Tenn. as second-class mail
under the Act of. Congress, March 1, 1870
THADDEUS T. STOKES Managing Editor
SMITH FLEMING Circulation Manager
SUBSCRIPTION RATES'
Year $5.00 — 6 Months $3.00 — 3 Months $1.50 (In Advance)
The MEMPHIS WORLD is an independent newspaper — non-sectarian
and non-partisan, printing new' unbiasedly and supporting those things
it believes to be of interest to its readers and opposing those things
against the interest of its readers.

How To Study
A noted professor or business psychology holds the view
that "a large percentage of those entering college do not really
know how to study." The professor, nevertheless, believes that
students today study more effectively than they did a generation 
ago, principally because of psychology studies in techniques 
of studying and reading.
The fact that many students entering college did not actually 
know how to study has long been a problem in the nation's 
colleges. Perhaps there is something to the theory that
the present college generation, many of whom spent some of
their early school years in an era of war and other major distractions, 
have found the task of learning objective methods of
study more difficult than usual. It is also true that draftees,
returning to college or entering college after a stay in the
armed services have lost their former knack of detached study
in the period when they traveled far and wide, or engaged in
combat maneuvers.
The professor, who has written a booklet on the proper
methods of study, recommends that students keep careful notes
of class lectures, review them again before examination. Cramming 
for exams, he says, should not mean re-learning forgotten
material or memorizing, but should mean thinking.
He also says the most frequent errors students make in
taking examinations is that of failing to read the questions
carefully. We pass this on to the college generation with no
assurance that it will be taken seriously, though the crammers
would do well to give the professor's contention their consideration. 


A Philosophy Of Life
In today's tense and fast-moving world, millions of us are
perplexed, confused, or unhappy. Too many of us are so caughtup 
in the race for the dollar, or survival, that we fail to do much
clear thinking, or develop a philosophy of life.
True happiness is only possible when one has developed
a philosophy of his own. All of us have our deficiencies and
pur handicaps, and the sooner we all realize that we are
limited, in ways, the better off we will be.
Moreover, all of us will not be millionaires, and all of us
will want some things during life which we cannot attain. The
solution is to be satisfied with what honest effort and real dedication 
can do, and to realize that this life on earth is not everything. 
Nor are material values as important as many of us
assume.
The secret of happiness is a philosophy of mind. If one
can develop a philosophy wherein he seeks to help others, is
thankful for all that he has, and for all of nature's gifts, and
so on, he can be happy with relatively little. That is not to
say that one need want only relatively little, but it is to say
that happiness is a state of mind, and a philosophy, and not
the state of a bank account or of material possessions.

Georgia Republicans Back Open Schools
And Richard M. Nixon
The meeting of the Georgia State Republican Convention,
in-its final session before the National Convention, geared the
spirit of the old time GOP, when it came out with a vigorous
platform calling for the activation of a strong two-party system
in the state to the end of running and electing candidates for all
positions in the gift of the people.
It also went on record calling for every effort within the
gift of the state to stand firm for the maintenance of our public 
educational system. It was encouraging when audible amens
went up as a sequel to this vigorous stand taken by the Republican 
platform committee. The resolution also emphasized
the strengthening of our public educational system.
The county unit was not forgotten by the platform committee 
and the good offices and influences of the GOP were
challenged to rise up and by the full performance of their duty,
put an end to this practice which reduces the prestige of elections 
in this state.
The attendance was large and there seemed to be a studious 
intensification of interest in taking stock as to what
faced those who are in earnest in building an active party in
the state.
The convention was orderly; there seemed to be a spirit
of coordination and a determination to go out and build up
a real contending party in the state.
There must also have been a fuller realization of what
those who wish to be recognized in party activity and party
counsel must do in order to rate as such.
There also must have been a greater incentive on the part
those who are trying to build up a voter registration emphasis. 
No doubt there will be a renewed effort on the part
of piling up a healthy registration for the next election.
After all is said and done, the startling facts come home
to those who observed, that registration and voting are the
factors that count. Anybody can criticize and draw conclusions,
but this is a case in which something must be effectively done
in order to recapture our given place in this area of the body
politic.
Again, the challenge rests around the obligation of registration 
and voting.
Sinclair Weeks, ex-United States Senator and former cabinet 
member in the Eisenhower administration, set the convention 
in order with his keynote address which had much to do
with the sentiment and policy of the convention.
His elaborate praise for the accomplishments of the Eisenhower 
administration and his acclaim ret Vice President Nixon
signified the Unanimous choice of the GOP not only for the
party standard-bearer at the Chicago convention, but the ultimate 
election to the Presidency of this outstanding character
come the general erection in November.

A Golden Gleam
They never sought in vain that sought the Lord aright.
Burns.
There is nothing more imprudent than excessive prudence.
Colton.

VIEWS
IN
NEWS
•
By
STANLEY S.
SCOTT
MEMPHIS, Tenn. — (SNS) —
It
is a fact that the 1954-55 rulings
of the Supreme Court have declared 
segregation in the public schools
unconstitutional. The problem of
implementation has been relegated
to local authorities with the good
faith that compliance be prompt
and just, However, in some instances, 
a prompt and reasonable beginning 
for compliance has not
been made.
Furthermore, in some instances,
the accomplishment of desegregation 
has been retarded through
over, explicit actions by various individuals, 
organizations, and governmental 
agencies.
The Memphis Board of Education
can readily be cited as an agency
that has evaded the decisions of
the U. S. Supreme Court. The president 
of the Memphis Board of Education, 
Atty. Walter P. Armstrong,
has intimated repeatedly that it is
not the policy of the board to operate 
a racially segregated city school
system, despite the traditional
practice of white and Negro students 
attending separate schools in
Memphis.
However, contrary to the published 
remarks of Atty. Armstrong, this
writer has stumbled across a transcript 
of a meeting held by the
board, Monday, February 8, 1960.
This conversation with Negro citizens 
of Memphis readily conveys
the evasive tactics applied by the
Memphis Board of Education.
Dr. Vasco Smith, Jr., a local Negro 
dentist, acted as spokesman for
the group, stated that "The Supreme 
Court of the United States
passed a law desegregating all public 
schools in 1954. Yet there are no
signs of this board attempting to
comply with that law. We ask that
you change that policy by taking
immediate concrete and definite
steps to change this illegal practice." 

A petition was presented to the
board by A. W. Willis, Jr., Russell
B. Sugarmon, Jr., H. T. Lockard,
attorneys representing clients or
speaking as parents.
Willis: I am A. W. Willis, Jr.,
coming to you as a parent and a
citizen.
Armstrong: Do you have a child
in the public school?
Willis: Has a target date been
board have any Intentions as of
this date, any plan to desegregate
the school system?
Armstrong: The board has talked
about and considered these minutes
to comply with and carry out the
laws of the state of Tennessee as
far as it is to do so.
Willis: Has a target date been
set?
Armstrong: No target date has
been set. The board talked about it
and came to no conclusions.
After six years of waiting with
good faith, it would be hard for
the most gullible person to believe
that the Memphis Board of Education 
has intentions of carrying out
decisions of the Supreme Court.
In the fact of ethical concepts,
legal requirements, and global ramifications, 
there can be no justification 
for delay in the implementation 
of the Supreme Court decision. 


TRANSCRIPT OF MEETING
•
By
STANLEY S.
SCOTT
MEMPHIS, Tenn. — (SNS) —
It
is a fact that the 1954-55 rulings
of the Supreme Court have declared 
segregation in the public schools
unconstitutional. The problem of
implementation has been relegated
to local authorities with the good
faith that compliance be prompt
and just, However, in some instances, 
a prompt and reasonable beginning 
for compliance has not
been made.
Furthermore, in some instances,
the accomplishment of desegregation 
has been retarded through
over, explicit actions by various individuals, 
organizations, and governmental 
agencies.
The Memphis Board of Education
can readily be cited as an agency
that has evaded the decisions of
the U. S. Supreme Court. The president 
of the Memphis Board of Education, 
Atty. Walter P. Armstrong,
has intimated repeatedly that it is
not the policy of the board to operate 
a racially segregated city school
system, despite the traditional
practice of white and Negro students 
attending separate schools in
Memphis.
However, contrary to the published 
remarks of Atty. Armstrong, this
writer has stumbled across a transcript 
of a meeting held by the
board, Monday, February 8, 1960.
This conversation with Negro citizens 
of Memphis readily conveys
the evasive tactics applied by the
Memphis Board of Education.
Dr. Vasco Smith, Jr., a local Negro 
dentist, acted as spokesman for
the group, stated that "The Supreme 
Court of the United States
passed a law desegregating all public 
schools in 1954. Yet there are no
signs of this board attempting to
comply with that law. We ask that
you change that policy by taking
immediate concrete and definite
steps to change this illegal practice." 

A petition was presented to the
board by A. W. Willis, Jr., Russell
B. Sugarmon, Jr., H. T. Lockard,
attorneys representing clients or
speaking as parents.
Willis: I am A. W. Willis, Jr.,
coming to you as a parent and a
citizen.
Armstrong: Do you have a child
in the public school?
Willis: Has a target date been
board have any Intentions as of
this date, any plan to desegregate
the school system?
Armstrong: The board has talked
about and considered these minutes
to comply with and carry out the
laws of the state of Tennessee as
far as it is to do so.
Willis: Has a target date been
set?
Armstrong: No target date has
been set. The board talked about it
and came to no conclusions.
After six years of waiting with
good faith, it would be hard for
the most gullible person to believe
that the Memphis Board of Education 
has intentions of carrying out
decisions of the Supreme Court.
In the fact of ethical concepts,
legal requirements, and global ramifications, 
there can be no justification 
for delay in the implementation 
of the Supreme Court decision. 


Testimony Ended
In Powell's Trial
Taking
of testimony was concluded Monday 
at the lengthy income tax
evasion trial of Rep. Adam Clayton 
Powell Jr. D-N.Y.
The case will go to the jury on
Thursday, Federal Judge Frederick
Vanpelt Bryan announced.
The 51-year-old Negro congressman 
has been on trial since March
8. He was accused of preparing a
false 1951 tax return for his wife.
Hazel Scott, famous jazz pianist and
night club entertainer.
The government called 22 witnesses 
to the stand. The defense
called three including the defendant. 
Powell, testifying in his own
behalf, denied he ever had any
intentinon of falsifying his wife's
tax return.
Bryan told the jury that Edward
Bennett William, counsel for Powel, 
will sum up his case Tuesday
and that on Wednesday Asst. U. S.
Atty. Morton S. Robson will sum up
for the government. The judge said
that on Thursday he would deliver
his charge to them and submit the
case for their consideration.

WISHING WELL
Registered U. S. Patent Office.
HERE is a pleasant little game that will give you a message
every day. It is a numerical puzzle designed to spell out
your fortune. Count the letters in your first name. If the number 
of letters in 6 or more, subtract 4. If the number is less
than 6, add 3. The result is your key number. Start at the
upper left-hand corner of the rectangle and check every one
of your key numbers, left to right. Then read the message
the letters under the checked figures give you.

THE LAND IS BRIGHT
BY JIM KJELGAARD
Copyright © 1958 by Jim Kjelgaard, Reprinted by permission
of the publisher, Dodd, Mead & Co,. Inc. Distributed by K.F.S.
CAPTAIN Colin Campbell
scanned an army directive on
his desk. When be had finished
reading it, he yelled. "Sergeant
Maxwell!"
Jason Maxwell hobbled in. "Yes,
sir?"
"Where are Thomas, Jonas, and
William Garrison. Tracey and
Darnley Hamlin, and Privates
Doyle, Sackett, Stewart, Teague,
Tyler, Murdock and Mossmoss?"
"They haven't been here for
the past week."
"Are any others absent?"
"Spencer, Jackson and Mullins."
"Listen to this notice."


As Jason heard the order, his
face fell But he said quietly. "I'll
order Spencer, Jackson and Mullins 
in."
"All of the men must be in tonight 
you will assume command
until I return this evening."
"Yea, sir."
"Sergeant Maxwell, when I appointed 
you as non-commissioned
officer, did I or did I not specify
that you were to be First Sergeant?" 

"You did not, sir."
"An unforgivable omission,"
Colin said' coolly. "I should have
been more specific. But you are
First Sergeant and, regardless
of when Sergeant Bell joined the
army, you have been longer with
the Wetherly unit Therefore, you
are to continue as ranking sergeant" 

"Yes, sir! Thank you, sir."
Until he gave this order, Colin
hadn't Deen sure that he really
commanded the Wetherly unit.
Let his superiors send as many
sergeants as they wished to send;
he would still give the orders in
his own unit.
He saddled and bridled Robin
and headed up the road to Hobbs
Creek for the first time since the
Wetherly unit had assembled.
Stopping at Campbells Hill,
Zack welcomed him: "It's mighty
good to see you!"
"And you, Zack! How are
things?"
"Nothin' wrong."
"Have you seen the recruits
from Hobbs Creek?"
"Yes. They's all home now."
"Will you saddle Pegasus and
ride to the Hamlins, Garrisons
and Murdocks? Tell the men that
they must return to Wetherly at
once. Tell them I said so." He
reserved an excuse to go to the
Stewarts and catch a glimpse of
Ann. he realized ruefully.
Entering the house he was happily 
greeted by Watt's wife, Hannan 
Sackett, who had elected to
stay here with Hope Tyler, "It's

so good to see you again," she
said.
"It's wonderful to be here and
see you, Hannah, but I can't
stay. I've come to ask all the
men to go back to Wetherly."
She nodded. "They said they'd
go back when they were needed.
Watt and Tom are both working
their farms. Hope and the chilren 
have gone down with Tom
for the day. I'll tell them as soon
as they come in this evening."
"That won't be soon enough.
"They must return tonight. We're
getting another sergeant, and absence 
might be considered desertion. 
The penalty can be severe." 

"I'll get them right away."
"I would appreciate it."
Between them. Zack and Hannah 
carried the message to everyone 
except Wilton Doyle, Marvin
Teague. Ling Stewart and Johnny 
Mossmoss. Colin stopped briefly 
at the Doyles and Teagues. As
Robin trotted toward the Stewart 
clearing. Colin realized he
didn't know where to find Johnny
Mossmoss. Johnny made his home
wherever he happened to be. Ling
would know where he was.
He felt a rising eagerness as he
saw the Stewart cabin. The door
opened and Ann stood framed in
it She was so lovely it seemed
to Colin that his heart stopped
for a moment.
"Colin!" Her eyes sparkled with
pleasure and surprise.
He looked at her hungrily,
glanced aside and felt his lips go
dry. It was nearly six weeks since
he'd seen her. Now that he was
with her again, the only words in
wanted to say to her were words
he must suppress. Finally he man
aged, "How have you been, Ann?
You look wonderful."
"We're managing pretty well.
And you? You look a little this
and tired."
"It's teen rather tedious so far.
I miss the good mountain air."
He could not help adding, "I miss
a lot of things"
"Yea, I know." Ann said softly.
Then in her normal bright voice,
"Won't you come in?"
"I've come for Ling, Ann. He
has to go back to Wetherly. Is
he here?"
"He's hunting. He'll be along
soon. Come in and wait for him."
"No, thank you—I must get
back." He dared not be alone
with her. "Will you tell Ling to
report back by sundown and to
bring Johnny Mossmoss if he can
find him?"
"Johnny's with Ling. I'll tell
him, of course."
"Ann—"
"Yes?"
"Thanks," he said clumsily.
"Thanks a lot."
He forced himself to turn away
and mount Robin, get Robin into

a canter and keep his eyes
straight ahead. If he did not hurry, 
if he looked back, he would
be unable to leave at all.
It seemed to Colin that the rain
had started falling when the
world began and would tall until
he end. Half his men walked—
hey could not be said to be
marching—with empty rifles that
would, not fire because the priming 
pans were wet None had
cared to complain as long as
Jason Maxwell, a clubfoot, not
only kept pace but offered to
help any who could not. In fact,
save for two or three chronic
malcontents, they had walked
with spirit, happier than they had
been since joining the army.
After the long monotonous
weeks at Wetherly, they were going 
to war.
There had been constant trouble 
at Wetherly, largely because
the supplies that trickled in were
deficient in quality and quantity.
But the Hobbs Creek men had
seen to it that there was always
enough to eat. If they couldn't
hunt, they helped themselves to
produce from local farms. Colin
could never discover the culprits 
and when the farmers inevitably 
came raging to the barracks, 
they were never able to
prove anything.
Wetherly had been beset with
rumors that the Yankees had
been routed at Bull Run, Washington 
had been invaded, New
York was besieged, England had
entered the war on the Confederate 
side, and Illinois and Indiana
had cast their lot with the Confederacy. 
No one had Known what
actually was happening. Life had
gone on much as before except
that even Jason's original group
had wearied of his drilling.
The men had spent more time
at Home than they had spent at
the barracks, but all had rallied
with whoop? of joy when Colin
had received orders to start his
platoon marching. Colin was to
place himself under the command
of Colonel Harvey livery man
had received a twenty-four hour
furlough and Colin had gone to
Campbell Hill.
There, near Ann Stewart, whom
he would always adore but never
possess, he had found a measure
of peace and some ease for his
aching heart.
He had seen her only for a moment 
as they were leaving to go
back to Wetherly but the look on
her face must give substance to
his dreams for weeks to come.


CHAPTER 22
BY JIM KJELGAARD
Copyright © 1958 by Jim Kjelgaard, Reprinted by permission
of the publisher, Dodd, Mead & Co,. Inc. Distributed by K.F.S.
CAPTAIN Colin Campbell
scanned an army directive on
his desk. When be had finished
reading it, he yelled. "Sergeant
Maxwell!"
Jason Maxwell hobbled in. "Yes,
sir?"
"Where are Thomas, Jonas, and
William Garrison. Tracey and
Darnley Hamlin, and Privates
Doyle, Sackett, Stewart, Teague,
Tyler, Murdock and Mossmoss?"
"They haven't been here for
the past week."
"Are any others absent?"
"Spencer, Jackson and Mullins."
"Listen to this notice."


As Jason heard the order, his
face fell But he said quietly. "I'll
order Spencer, Jackson and Mullins 
in."
"All of the men must be in tonight 
you will assume command
until I return this evening."
"Yea, sir."
"Sergeant Maxwell, when I appointed 
you as non-commissioned
officer, did I or did I not specify
that you were to be First Sergeant?" 

"You did not, sir."
"An unforgivable omission,"
Colin said' coolly. "I should have
been more specific. But you are
First Sergeant and, regardless
of when Sergeant Bell joined the
army, you have been longer with
the Wetherly unit Therefore, you
are to continue as ranking sergeant" 

"Yes, sir! Thank you, sir."
Until he gave this order, Colin
hadn't Deen sure that he really
commanded the Wetherly unit.
Let his superiors send as many
sergeants as they wished to send;
he would still give the orders in
his own unit.
He saddled and bridled Robin
and headed up the road to Hobbs
Creek for the first time since the
Wetherly unit had assembled.
Stopping at Campbells Hill,
Zack welcomed him: "It's mighty
good to see you!"
"And you, Zack! How are
things?"
"Nothin' wrong."
"Have you seen the recruits
from Hobbs Creek?"
"Yes. They's all home now."
"Will you saddle Pegasus and
ride to the Hamlins, Garrisons
and Murdocks? Tell the men that
they must return to Wetherly at
once. Tell them I said so." He
reserved an excuse to go to the
Stewarts and catch a glimpse of
Ann. he realized ruefully.
Entering the house he was happily 
greeted by Watt's wife, Hannan 
Sackett, who had elected to
stay here with Hope Tyler, "It's

so good to see you again," she
said.
"It's wonderful to be here and
see you, Hannah, but I can't
stay. I've come to ask all the
men to go back to Wetherly."
She nodded. "They said they'd
go back when they were needed.
Watt and Tom are both working
their farms. Hope and the chilren 
have gone down with Tom
for the day. I'll tell them as soon
as they come in this evening."
"That won't be soon enough.
"They must return tonight. We're
getting another sergeant, and absence 
might be considered desertion. 
The penalty can be severe." 

"I'll get them right away."
"I would appreciate it."
Between them. Zack and Hannah 
carried the message to everyone 
except Wilton Doyle, Marvin
Teague. Ling Stewart and Johnny 
Mossmoss. Colin stopped briefly 
at the Doyles and Teagues. As
Robin trotted toward the Stewart 
clearing. Colin realized he
didn't know where to find Johnny
Mossmoss. Johnny made his home
wherever he happened to be. Ling
would know where he was.
He felt a rising eagerness as he
saw the Stewart cabin. The door
opened and Ann stood framed in
it She was so lovely it seemed
to Colin that his heart stopped
for a moment.
"Colin!" Her eyes sparkled with
pleasure and surprise.
He looked at her hungrily,
glanced aside and felt his lips go
dry. It was nearly six weeks since
he'd seen her. Now that he was
with her again, the only words in
wanted to say to her were words
he must suppress. Finally he man
aged, "How have you been, Ann?
You look wonderful."
"We're managing pretty well.
And you? You look a little this
and tired."
"It's teen rather tedious so far.
I miss the good mountain air."
He could not help adding, "I miss
a lot of things"
"Yea, I know." Ann said softly.
Then in her normal bright voice,
"Won't you come in?"
"I've come for Ling, Ann. He
has to go back to Wetherly. Is
he here?"
"He's hunting. He'll be along
soon. Come in and wait for him."
"No, thank you—I must get
back." He dared not be alone
with her. "Will you tell Ling to
report back by sundown and to
bring Johnny Mossmoss if he can
find him?"
"Johnny's with Ling. I'll tell
him, of course."
"Ann—"
"Yes?"
"Thanks," he said clumsily.
"Thanks a lot."
He forced himself to turn away
and mount Robin, get Robin into

a canter and keep his eyes
straight ahead. If he did not hurry, 
if he looked back, he would
be unable to leave at all.
It seemed to Colin that the rain
had started falling when the
world began and would tall until
he end. Half his men walked—
hey could not be said to be
marching—with empty rifles that
would, not fire because the priming 
pans were wet None had
cared to complain as long as
Jason Maxwell, a clubfoot, not
only kept pace but offered to
help any who could not. In fact,
save for two or three chronic
malcontents, they had walked
with spirit, happier than they had
been since joining the army.
After the long monotonous
weeks at Wetherly, they were going 
to war.
There had been constant trouble 
at Wetherly, largely because
the supplies that trickled in were
deficient in quality and quantity.
But the Hobbs Creek men had
seen to it that there was always
enough to eat. If they couldn't
hunt, they helped themselves to
produce from local farms. Colin
could never discover the culprits 
and when the farmers inevitably 
came raging to the barracks, 
they were never able to
prove anything.
Wetherly had been beset with
rumors that the Yankees had
been routed at Bull Run, Washington 
had been invaded, New
York was besieged, England had
entered the war on the Confederate 
side, and Illinois and Indiana
had cast their lot with the Confederacy. 
No one had Known what
actually was happening. Life had
gone on much as before except
that even Jason's original group
had wearied of his drilling.
The men had spent more time
at Home than they had spent at
the barracks, but all had rallied
with whoop? of joy when Colin
had received orders to start his
platoon marching. Colin was to
place himself under the command
of Colonel Harvey livery man
had received a twenty-four hour
furlough and Colin had gone to
Campbell Hill.
There, near Ann Stewart, whom
he would always adore but never
possess, he had found a measure
of peace and some ease for his
aching heart.
He had seen her only for a moment 
as they were leaving to go
back to Wetherly but the look on
her face must give substance to
his dreams for weeks to come.


Learn Afro-Asian Language
Thought Patterns, Teachers Urged
Dr. Raleigh
Morgan, associate director of the
Center for Applied Linguistics,
Washington, D. C., told the 20th
Allege Language Association at
North Carolina College last week
that understanding the thought
patterns of the Afro- Asian languages 
of "emerging nations "could
help the cause of "global citizenship." 

Formerly a cultural affairs attache 
and educcational officer for
the U. S. State Department in the
Caribbean and in Germany, Dr.
Morgan scored the excessive, traditional 
emphasis upon the "WestEuropean 
cultural heritage."
"Provincialism, both cultural and
ethnic," Dr. Morgan said, "found
in this country will to a great extent 
disappear when the goal of a
liberal arts education will be extended 
far beyond the somewhat
pious and humanistic preoccupation
with the transmission of West European 
cultural heritage, pitifully
meager though it has been."
Dr. Morgan said that learning the
subtleties of expressions lurking in
the languages of the "emerging nations" 
would open up new avenues
of understating.
Speaking of the Val language of
Africa as an example, the former
chairman of NCC's romance language 
department said. "African languages 
are not only rather complex
but the world seen by the Val must
not be the same world that we think
or say exists.
"Each speech community constructs

reality differently and this difference 
is verbalized by means of and
within the limits of the linquistic
structure," Dr. Morgan said.
"This is the essence between
language and culture," the linguist
pointed out.
He continued, "With the emer
gence 
of African and Asian nations,
I am happy to say more Westerns
are becoming aware, pf these implications 
and a new mood now exists." 
The speaker described plans
now underway in the U. S. to expand 
existing programs in African
languages and Area studies.

UNDERSTANDING AVENUES
Dr. Raleigh
Morgan, associate director of the
Center for Applied Linguistics,
Washington, D. C., told the 20th
Allege Language Association at
North Carolina College last week
that understanding the thought
patterns of the Afro- Asian languages 
of "emerging nations "could
help the cause of "global citizenship." 

Formerly a cultural affairs attache 
and educcational officer for
the U. S. State Department in the
Caribbean and in Germany, Dr.
Morgan scored the excessive, traditional 
emphasis upon the "WestEuropean 
cultural heritage."
"Provincialism, both cultural and
ethnic," Dr. Morgan said, "found
in this country will to a great extent 
disappear when the goal of a
liberal arts education will be extended 
far beyond the somewhat
pious and humanistic preoccupation
with the transmission of West European 
cultural heritage, pitifully
meager though it has been."
Dr. Morgan said that learning the
subtleties of expressions lurking in
the languages of the "emerging nations" 
would open up new avenues
of understating.
Speaking of the Val language of
Africa as an example, the former
chairman of NCC's romance language 
department said. "African languages 
are not only rather complex
but the world seen by the Val must
not be the same world that we think
or say exists.
"Each speech community constructs

reality differently and this difference 
is verbalized by means of and
within the limits of the linquistic
structure," Dr. Morgan said.
"This is the essence between
language and culture," the linguist
pointed out.
He continued, "With the emer
gence 
of African and Asian nations,
I am happy to say more Westerns
are becoming aware, pf these implications 
and a new mood now exists." 
The speaker described plans
now underway in the U. S. to expand 
existing programs in African
languages and Area studies.

Here Are Major Provisions Of
Senate-Passed Rights Bill
The
controversial Senate - approved civil 
rights bill that now goes to the
House for Confirmation, then to
President Eisenhower for his signature, 
deals with matters other
than voting.
Some of its provisions, originally
designed with abuses complained
of by Negroes in mind, have been

broadened to scope.
As it stands now, the major provisions 
of the bill would do the
following:
1. Make it a federal crime to use
threats or force to impede the enforcement 
of any federal court orders, 
including those issued in
school integration disputes.
2. Make it a federal crime to
cross state lines in flight from prosecution 
or punishment for bombing
any building or structure. This section 
also would make it a federal
crime to aid or abet the interstate
movement of explosives for use in
illegal bombings, and authorize penalities 
up to death if the bombings
have fatal results.
3. Require state and local election 
officials to preserve for 22
months all election records, and to
make the documents available to
the attorney general for examination 
on his wirtten demand.
4. Allow the (government to provide 
educational facilities for the
children of members of the armed
forces on active duty in areas where
public schools have been dosed as
a result of integration disputes.
5. Allow members of toe Civil
Rights Commission to conduct
hearings individually.

Youth Warned

Second Mt. Vemon Baptist Church,
was designated the runner-up.
R. O. Button, vice president of
Citizens Trust Company and chairman 
of the awards committee, announced 
the selections, while Mrs.
Venice Nash, Secretary of the
Year, 1959, presented the plaque to
the 1860 winner. Mrs. Mickens.
Secretarial League president Mrs.
Dawson introduced Miss Church to
the largest Hungry Club audience
of the current series. William A.
Fowlkes moderated the session,
while Mrs. Sophia Lovelace, chairman 
of the Secretary of the Year
Committee, introduced guests.
During the question-answer period, 
Miss Church recommended that
citizens use more of the offices of
the President's Committee on Government 
Contracts, which has been
set up to prevent discrimination in
government employment.
Butler St. YMCA Secretary Warren 
Cochrane reminded' the audience 
of the dedication of the
YMCA Westside extension on Sunday, 
April 24, at 3:30 p. m. in Washington 
High Gymnasium and at
the Ollie-Desoto St. Site.

MBOYA SEEKS KENYATTA'S
RELEASE
Prior to leaving the country for a
trip to Brussels, Belgium, Tom
Mboya, disclosed that bis People's
Convention party has launched a
petition campaign for the immediate 
release of Jomo Kenyatta, ex
iled 
Mau Mau leader, despite Gov.
Sir Patrick Renison's opinion that
Kenyatta's release would be "a danger 
to security;" Mboya came into
(political prominence upon Kenyatta's 
imprisonment and was thought
to be Kenya's No. 1 African until
recently when James Gichuru,
Kenyatta's right hand man, recently 
won leadership of a new political
organization and labeled Kenyatta
as "national leader in absentia."

New Industry

share, which indicates that the
company made a profit in sales of
men sport shirts last year.
It has not been revoaled what

the new industry will produce however, 
it-is believed that it will be in
the clothing field.
Williams said "the new industry
will be a great step toward in raising 
the economical standard here.
And it will be something of ENNESSEE
we can all be proud
STATE LIBRARY AND ARCHIVES
State Library Division

Natives Give In
To Brutal Force
The South African
government scored a major victory Tuesday when Negroes ignored 
a call for a new stay-home strike against its white su-premacy laws and went back to work throughout the country.
Police arrested 160 "undesirables."
Thousands of Negroes, threatened,
with the loss of jobs, closing of
schools and banishment to their
native preserves, streamed out of
their settlements to go bade to
work after the Easter holidays.
The massive disregard of the
work boycott was a stunning setback 
to the African National Congress 
ANC, one of the two major
Negro organizations that spearheaded 
the struggle against the

strict racial policies of Prime Minister 
Hendrix F. Verwoerd.
Lingering resistance was crushed 
by a show of force, arrests,
threats of stem reprisals and such
basks factors as empty purses and
larders.
All was reported normal in townships 
around Johannesburg, Cape
Town, Durban, Bast London and
other major cities throughout the
country. The native settlements of
Langa and Nyanga, near Cape
Town, centers of violence in the
previous work boycott, were reported 
quiet.
Heavily armed police and troops
arrested more than 160 Negroes in
a series of raids near Port Eliabeth 
Tuesday to crush last-ditch resistance. 

Hundreds of troops lined the main
entrances to New Brighton Township 
while soldiers with fixed bayonets 
Grounded up "undesirables" in
what police called "operation cleanup." 
Troops arid armored vehicles
were stationed along roads leading
into the township to protect Negroes 
Wanting to return to work.
Police and troops made "show of
force" patrols through other cities
and towns. The call for a weeklong 
work boycott was made last
week by the underground emergency 
committee of the African Congress, 
fanned for a year by the
government.

Ignore Stay-Home Plea After Threat
On Jobs, School, Banishment, Death
The South African
government scored a major victory Tuesday when Negroes ignored 
a call for a new stay-home strike against its white su-premacy laws and went back to work throughout the country.
Police arrested 160 "undesirables."
Thousands of Negroes, threatened,
with the loss of jobs, closing of
schools and banishment to their
native preserves, streamed out of
their settlements to go bade to
work after the Easter holidays.
The massive disregard of the
work boycott was a stunning setback 
to the African National Congress 
ANC, one of the two major
Negro organizations that spearheaded 
the struggle against the

strict racial policies of Prime Minister 
Hendrix F. Verwoerd.
Lingering resistance was crushed 
by a show of force, arrests,
threats of stem reprisals and such
basks factors as empty purses and
larders.
All was reported normal in townships 
around Johannesburg, Cape
Town, Durban, Bast London and
other major cities throughout the
country. The native settlements of
Langa and Nyanga, near Cape
Town, centers of violence in the
previous work boycott, were reported 
quiet.
Heavily armed police and troops
arrested more than 160 Negroes in
a series of raids near Port Eliabeth 
Tuesday to crush last-ditch resistance. 

Hundreds of troops lined the main
entrances to New Brighton Township 
while soldiers with fixed bayonets 
Grounded up "undesirables" in
what police called "operation cleanup." 
Troops arid armored vehicles
were stationed along roads leading
into the township to protect Negroes 
Wanting to return to work.
Police and troops made "show of
force" patrols through other cities
and towns. The call for a weeklong 
work boycott was made last
week by the underground emergency 
committee of the African Congress, 
fanned for a year by the
government.

100 Windows

lunch counter segregation. A reply
was promised within 30 days.
Miami Mayor Robert King High
said "this is a matter for negotiation 
and conciliation and not legal
action." The Negroes' spokesman,
the Rev. Edward Graham, said
"we've waited 242 years, we can
wait another month."
The city commissioners told the
Negro group that negotiations to
end segregation at Miami lunch
counters were well under way until
the NAACP threatened to stage sitdown 
demonstrations in the city.
High and commission members said
they resented what they termed
"an attempt at intimidation."
Negro and white youths battled
with knives and axe handles in a
Savannah, Ga., park and a dynamite 
bombing shattered the home
of a Negro integration leader in
Nashville, Tenn., Tuesday in new
racial incidents in the South.
The brawling at Savannah resulted 
in the arrest of two Negroes
and seven white youths. An 18year-old 
white boy, Melvin Bryant,
suffered a slash in the neck and
was hospitalized in fair condition.
Two other white teenagers and a
Negro youth suffered injuries requiring 
hospital treatement. Police estimated 
20 Negroes and a dozen
white youths took part in the fighting. 

Tension continued in Savannah,
scene of interracial fights at the
lunch counter of a downtown dime
store Saturday and Monday. The
fighting in Forsyth Park, near the
downtown section, broke out when
a group of Negroes passed some
student nurses in front of Candler
Hospital and, according to the
white youths, made "insulting remarks." 
Officers said a night guard
with a shotgun will be posted at
the nurses' home.

IN SAVANNAH

lunch counter segregation. A reply
was promised within 30 days.
Miami Mayor Robert King High
said "this is a matter for negotiation 
and conciliation and not legal
action." The Negroes' spokesman,
the Rev. Edward Graham, said
"we've waited 242 years, we can
wait another month."
The city commissioners told the
Negro group that negotiations to
end segregation at Miami lunch
counters were well under way until
the NAACP threatened to stage sitdown 
demonstrations in the city.
High and commission members said
they resented what they termed
"an attempt at intimidation."
Negro and white youths battled
with knives and axe handles in a
Savannah, Ga., park and a dynamite 
bombing shattered the home
of a Negro integration leader in
Nashville, Tenn., Tuesday in new
racial incidents in the South.
The brawling at Savannah resulted 
in the arrest of two Negroes
and seven white youths. An 18year-old 
white boy, Melvin Bryant,
suffered a slash in the neck and
was hospitalized in fair condition.
Two other white teenagers and a
Negro youth suffered injuries requiring 
hospital treatement. Police estimated 
20 Negroes and a dozen
white youths took part in the fighting. 

Tension continued in Savannah,
scene of interracial fights at the
lunch counter of a downtown dime
store Saturday and Monday. The
fighting in Forsyth Park, near the
downtown section, broke out when
a group of Negroes passed some
student nurses in front of Candler
Hospital and, according to the
white youths, made "insulting remarks." 
Officers said a night guard
with a shotgun will be posted at
the nurses' home.

King Asks

one thing I am convinced of is that
no outside agency initiated this
movement or will dominate it in
the future," Rev. King said. He
pointed out that he, like other Negroes, 
admires the former president's 
civil rights record, but he
said Mr. Truman's recent statements 
served as "an affront and
disappointments to millions of Negroes 
who are yearning for freedom." 

Mr. Truman, he said, revealed "a
limited grasp and an abysmal lack
of understanding of what is taking 
place," added, "It is a sad
day when men come to feel that
Oppressed people cannot desire freedom 
unless they are inspired by
communism."
Truman made his most recent
utterances during a hews conference 
at Cornell University when he
declared he thought the communists 
were organizing the sit-down
demonstrations. He said that before
he became, president he was chairman 
of a senate investigating committee 
that turned up definite evidence 
that the first sitdown strike
in the automobile factories in 1937
had been "engineered" entirely by
communists. The former president,
who was speaking before seminars
of Cornell students told the students 
that he was "against the
Southern students shutting up a
man's place of business," but on
the other hand; he did not believe
a businessman should "bar anyone
from his place of business."

Movement Shows

any attack on state laws forbidding
interracial marriage, although he
would like to see them all removed
from the statute books.
In another area, King criticized
segregation in churches as "shameful" 
and not in conformance with
the principles of Christianity. But
he said ending that type of segregation 
should be done by the
churches themselves and not by
governmental action.
Asked how he could claim to be
a champion of non-violent resistance 
to segregation when the sitins 
had caused some violence, King
gave this explanation:
His followers have been instruct"
ed never to inflict violence on another 
but to be willing to be the
recipient of violence if it is inflicted 
upon them. He left the implication 
that any violence that has
resulted has been brought oh by
whites.

CRITICIZES CHURCH

any attack on state laws forbidding
interracial marriage, although he
would like to see them all removed
from the statute books.
In another area, King criticized
segregation in churches as "shameful" 
and not in conformance with
the principles of Christianity. But
he said ending that type of segregation 
should be done by the
churches themselves and not by
governmental action.
Asked how he could claim to be
a champion of non-violent resistance 
to segregation when the sitins 
had caused some violence, King
gave this explanation:
His followers have been instruct"
ed never to inflict violence on another 
but to be willing to be the
recipient of violence if it is inflicted 
upon them. He left the implication 
that any violence that has
resulted has been brought oh by
whites.

Dr. A. M. Walker

the North Carolina Mutual Insurance, 
Durham, N. C.; J B. Blayton,
president of, the Blayton School of
Accounting and radio station WERDin 
Atlanta, Ga.; S. B. Fuller, president 
of Fuller products, Chicago,
III: Paul Williams, Los Angeles architect; 
Earl Dickerson, Liberty
Life Insurance Company, Chicago,
Ill.; T. P. Harris, Metropolitan Insurance 
Co., Chicago, Ill,; George
Beavers, Golden State Insurance,
Los Angeles; A. G. Gaston, Gaston
Enterprise; Birmingham, Ala.;
John J. Johnson, Johnson Publishing 
Co., Chicago, Ill.; Dr. Harley
Bell of Detroit, Michigan.
Prime Minister Nkrumah, since
taking office, has introduced, measurers 
to establish new industries
and increased living standards. Nkrumah 
has gained, friends throughout 
the world. Latest indications
are that these Negro leaders will
lend their investments to aid this
new economy.

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